Consider the following code:
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename Type>
class Test
{
public:
constexpr Test(const Type val) : _value(val) {}
constexpr Type get() const {return _value;}
static void test()
{
static constexpr Test<int> x(42);
std::integral_constant<int, x.get()> i;
std::cout<<i<<std::endl;
}
protected:
Type _value;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Test<double>::test();
return 0;
}
Under g++ 4.7.1, it returns the error:
main.cpp: In static member function ‘static void Test<Type>::test()’:
main.cpp:13:48: error: invalid use of ‘Test<Type>::get<int>’ to form a pointer-to-member-function
main.cpp:13:48: note: a qualified-id is required
main.cpp:13:48: error: could not convert template argument ‘x.Test<Type>::get<int>()’ to ‘int’
main.cpp:13:51: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
I do not understand the problem: is it a compiler bug or is it a real problem ?
How to solve it ?
It looks like a GCC bug, clang 3.2 compiles without any error
Related
This question already has answers here:
Where and why do I have to put the "template" and "typename" keywords?
(8 answers)
Closed 6 months ago.
I am writing a template function where one of the template parameters is a type with a member function that is itself a template function. When I invoke the template member function and explicitly specify the template parameters, it appears that the code does not compile. This is illustrated in the following minimal example:
This version will compile and run just fine:
#include <iostream>
struct ar_t
{
int data[2];
ar_t(void) {data[0] = 10; data[1] = 17;}
template <const std::size_t idx> int get(void) const {return data[idx];}
};
template <const std::size_t val> struct idx_t {};
template <const std::size_t val> int idx_ar1(const ar_t& ar, const idx_t<val>& idx)
{
return ar.get<val>();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ar_t x;
const std::size_t index = 1;
idx_t<index> i;
idx_ar1(x,i);
return 0;
}
whereas this version will not:
#include <iostream>
struct ar_t
{
int data[2];
ar_t(void) {data[0] = 10; data[1] = 17;}
template <const std::size_t idx> int get(void) const {return data[idx];}
};
template <const std::size_t val> struct idx_t {};
template <typename arr_type, const std::size_t val> int idx_ar1(const arr_type& ar, const idx_t<val>& idx)
{
return ar.get<val>();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ar_t x;
const std::size_t index = 1;
idx_t<index> i;
idx_ar1(x,i);
return 0;
}
Note the difference in the template parameters for idx_ar1. The error message I get with g++ 11.1 and -std=c++20 is:
main.cc: In function ‘int idx_ar1(const arr_type&, const idx_t<val>&)’:
main.cc:14:24: error: expected primary-expression before ‘)’ token
14 | return ar.get<val>();
| ^
main.cc: In instantiation of ‘int idx_ar1(const arr_type&, const idx_t<val>&) [with arr_type = ar_t; long unsigned int val = 1]’:
main.cc:22:12: required from here
main.cc:14:18: error: invalid operands of types ‘<unresolved overloaded function type>’ and ‘long unsigned int’ to binary ‘operator<’
14 | return ar.get<val>();
|
How can I get around this? I require preciesly the behaviour used in the second example. This appears to be a bug in parsing the syntax, or I don't quite have a detailed understanding of the way the member function is being declared.
Try compiling with Clang, too - sometimes it gives better errors than GCC (sometimes worse):
":14:15: error: missing 'template' keyword prior to dependent template name 'get'"
In order to force the execution of a template method at program start one can initialize a static member with a static method. Then the method is run at program start for every instantiation of the template class:
#include <cstdio>
template<typename t, t value>
struct dummy_user_t {};
template<int i>
struct my_struct_t
{
static int s_value;
// "use" s_value so it's initialized
using value_user_t = dummy_user_t<const int&, s_value>;
static int method()
{
printf("Hello %i!\n", i);
return 0;
}
};
// initialize s_value with method() to run it at program start
template<int i>
int my_struct_t<i>::s_value {my_struct_t<i>::method()};
// instantiate my_struct_t
template struct my_struct_t<6>;
int main()
{
// nothing here
}
The output will be Hello 6!
This code compiles on all three major compilers but when you make s_value const it won't work in clang anymore (3.4 - 7.0) while still working in MSVC and GCC:
<source>:19:52: error: no member 'method' in 'my_struct_t<6>'; it has not yet been instantiated
const int my_struct_t<i>::s_value {my_struct_t<i>::method()};
^
<source>:10:51: note: in instantiation of static data member 'my_struct_t<6>::s_value' requested here
using value_user_t = dummy_user_t<const int&, s_value>;
^
<source>:21:17: note: in instantiation of template class 'my_struct_t<6>' requested here
template struct my_struct_t<6>;
^
<source>:11:16: note: not-yet-instantiated member is declared here
static int method()
^
1 error generated.
Try it out yourself:
With non const int: https://godbolt.org/z/m90bgS
With const int: https://godbolt.org/z/D3ywDq
What do you think? Is there any reason clang is rejecting this or is it a bug?
I have the following piece of code which represents an actual bigger piece of code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<size_t N> class A {
public:
static constexpr size_t getN() {return N;}
};
template<size_t N> class B {
public:
void print() { cout << "B created: " << N << '\n';}
};
template <class T> class C {
public:
void set(T* a) {
t_ptr = a;
}
void create() {
constexpr int m = t_ptr->getN();
B<m> b;
b.print();
}
private:
T* t_ptr;
};
int main() {
constexpr int n = 2;
A<n> a;
C<A<n> > c;
c.set(&a);
c.create();
}
Compiling with g++ -o main main.cpp -std=c++11 and GCC/G++ 4.8.3 the expected output is received:
B created: 2
However, with GCC/G++ 4.9.1 the code does not compile, output:
main.cpp: In member function ‘void C<T>::create()’:
main.cpp:27:15: error: the value of ‘m’ is not usable in a constant expression
B<m> b;
^
main.cpp:26:27: note: ‘m’ used in its own initializer
constexpr int m = t_ptr->getN();
^
main.cpp:27:16: error: the value of ‘m’ is not usable in a constant expression
B<m> b;
^
main.cpp:26:27: note: ‘m’ used in its own initializer
constexpr int m = t_ptr->getN();
^
main.cpp:27:19: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
B<m> b;
^
main.cpp:28:15: error: request for member ‘print’ in ‘b’, which is of non-class type ‘int’
b.print();
^
This is caused by a known bug in GCC 4.9: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59937 and in this older thread https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-bugs/2013-11/msg00067.html the usage of extern is proposed as a workaround. However, I am not able to get this workaround working.
Could you guys help me to make this code compile in GCC 4.9? Thank you!
Since this is not constexpr the access to this->t_ptr is not either.
clang's error is a bit more helpful
implicit use of 'this' pointer is only allowed within the
evaluation of a call to a 'constexpr' member function
Referring to:
N3690 5.19/2 (emphasis added)
A conditional-expression e is a core constant expression unless the evaluation of e, following the rules of the abstract machine, would evaluate one of the following expressions:
— this, except in a constexpr function or a constexpr constructor that is being evaluated as
part of e;
Calling the static member function via the typename works
constexpr int m = T::getN();
Consider (link):
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#pragma pack (1)
template <size_t Width>
class Base
{
public:
char mData [Width];
template <typename Field> Field ExtractAs () const
{
return *reinterpret_cast <Field> (mData);
}
};
template <typename FieldVal>
class IntegralField
:
public Base <sizeof (FieldVal)>
{
public:
FieldVal GetVal () const
{
return ExtractAs <FieldVal> ();
}
};
int main()
{
char raw[4] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
typedef IntegralField <uint32_t> UInt32Field;
const UInt32Field& field =
*reinterpret_cast <const UInt32Field*> (raw);
const uint32_t extracted = field.GetVal();
assert (extracted == 0x44332211);
}
The call:
return ExtractAs <FieldVal> ();
Fails to compile under g++ 4.7.2 with:
main.cpp: In member function ‘FieldVal IntegralField<FieldVal>::GetVal() const’:
main.cpp:25:16: error: ‘ExtractAs’ was not declared in this scope
main.cpp:25:35: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
main.cpp:25:38: error: expected primary-expression before ‘)’ token
main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:32:28: error: ‘uint32_t’ was not declared in this scope
main.cpp:32:36: error: template argument 1 is invalid
main.cpp:32:49: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
main.cpp:35:11: error: ‘uint32_t’ does not name a type
main.cpp:36:5: error: ‘extracted’ was not declared in this scope
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
I have tried a number of tricks including using Base::ExtractAs, typedefs, etc, to no avail.
Is what I'm trying to do possible in C++03? How can I call a function template in a base class template from a derived class template member function? Note that I cannot use C++11.
Edit: When I redefine GetVal to be more explicit about types:
FieldVal GetVal () const
{
static const size_t fieldSize = sizeof (FieldVal);
typedef Base <fieldSize> MyBase;
typedef FieldVal MyField;
return MyBase::ExtractAs <MyField> ();
}
I still get:
error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
On: return MyBase::ExtractAs <MyField> ();
Edit: Here is the final, working code:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <stdint.h>
#pragma pack (1)
template <size_t Width>
class Base
{
public:
char mData [Width];
template <typename Field> Field ExtractAs () const
{
return *reinterpret_cast <const Field*> (mData);
}
};
template <typename FieldVal>
class IntegralField
:
public Base <sizeof (FieldVal)>
{
public:
FieldVal GetVal () const
{
return this->template ExtractAs<FieldVal>();
}
};
int main()
{
char raw[4] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
typedef IntegralField <uint32_t> UInt32Field;
const UInt32Field& field =
*reinterpret_cast <const UInt32Field*> (raw);
const uint32_t extracted = field.GetVal();
assert (extracted == 0x44332211);
}
You can either say:
return this->template ExtractAs<FieldVal>();
Or
return Base<sizeof(FieldVal)>::template ExtractAs<FieldVal>();
Since you are in a class template and the base is a template specialization, too, the names of base members are not automatically injected into the derived template. (Consider what happens if you specialize Base!)
By qualifying the name or using this->, you make the entire name dependent, and so it doesn't cause in error in the first phase. Also, since the name ExtractAs is dependent (being the nested name of a template), you have to disambiguate it as template.
The following code does not compile, why is that? And how can I fix this?
struct A{
template<int N> int get() { return N; }
};
template <typename X>
struct B : public X {
template<int N> int get() {
return X::get<N>();
}
};
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
B<A> b;
return b.get<5>();
}
Compiler error:
test.cxx: In member function ‘int B<X>::get()’:
test.cxx:8:30: error: expected primary-expression before ‘)’ token
test.cxx: In member function ‘int B<X>::get() [with int N = 5, X = A]’:
test.cxx:15:25: instantiated from here
test.cxx:8:30: error: invalid operands of types ‘<unresolved overloaded function type>’ and ‘int’ to binary ‘operator<’
you must disambiguate it, like so:
template<int N>int get() {
return X::template get<N>();
}