Allegro 5 drawing to buffer - c++

Question

I am making a program that will draw balls bouncing around the screen. I am currently working on the part that draws the balls.
My code consists of the following:
BallEngine Class - Manage all the Allegro functions/objects
BallManager Class - Manages all of the balls
Ball Class - Hold information about a ball
main.cpp - Game loop, etc.
BallEngine.h:
#pragma once
#include <allegro5\allegro.h>
#include <allegro5\allegro_font.h>
#include <allegro5\allegro_ttf.h>
#include "BallManager.h"
ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display;
class BallEngine
{
private:
bool fullScreen;
int fps;
bool running;
public:
BallManager BManager;
bool getFullScreen();
bool getIsRunning();
void updateFullScreen();
void setFullScreen(bool value);
void setIsRunning(bool value);
int getFPS();
//Allegro Objects
ALLEGRO_FONT *deafault_font_12;
ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue;
ALLEGRO_TIMER *timer;
//Colors
ALLEGRO_COLOR RED;
ALLEGRO_COLOR GREEN;
ALLEGRO_COLOR BLUE;
ALLEGRO_COLOR YELLOW;
ALLEGRO_COLOR PINK;
ALLEGRO_COLOR LIGHT_BLUE;
ALLEGRO_COLOR WHITE;
ALLEGRO_COLOR BLACK;
//Debug
bool showDebug;
void drawBallInfo(int x, int y, int id); //Draws information about a certain ball
BallEngine(int width, int height);
~BallEngine(void);
};
BallEngine.cpp:
#include "BallEngine.h"
BallEngine::BallEngine(int width, int height)
{
running = true;
showDebug = false;
fps = 60;
al_init();
if(!al_init())
{
printf("Failed to initalize Allegro \n");
}
al_install_keyboard();
if(!al_install_keyboard())
{
printf("Failed to initalize keyboard \n");
}
al_init_font_addon();
al_init_ttf_addon();
fullScreen = false;
updateFullScreen();
deafault_font_12 = al_load_font("arial.ttf", 12, 0);
event_queue = al_create_event_queue();
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source());
timer = al_create_timer(1.0/fps);
al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_timer_event_source(timer));
display = al_create_display(width, height);
//Define engine colors
RED = al_map_rgb(255,0,0);
GREEN = al_map_rgb(0,255,0);
BLUE = al_map_rgb(0,0,255);
YELLOW = al_map_rgb(255,255,0);
PINK = al_map_rgb(255,0,255);
LIGHT_BLUE = al_map_rgb(255,255,0);
WHITE = al_map_rgb(255,255,255);
BLACK = al_map_rgb(0,0,0);
}
BallEngine::~BallEngine(void)
{
}
bool BallEngine::getFullScreen()
{
return fullScreen;
}
bool BallEngine::getIsRunning()
{
return running;
}
void BallEngine::updateFullScreen()
{
if ( fullScreen == true )
{
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_FULLSCREEN);
}
else
{
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_WINDOWED);
}
}
void BallEngine::setFullScreen(bool value)
{
fullScreen = value;
}
int BallEngine::getFPS()
{
return fps;
}
void BallEngine::drawBallInfo(int x, int y, int id)
{
if(BManager.isBallExist(id))
{
al_draw_textf(deafault_font_12, RED, x, y, 0, "X: %i Y: %i Velocity: %i Angle: %i Radius: %i Color %ALLEGRO_COLOR ", BManager.getBall_X(id), BManager.getBall_Y(id), BManager.getBall_Velocity(id), BManager.getBall_Angle(id), BManager.getBall_Radius(id), BManager.getBall_Color(id));
}
else
{
printf("Failed to draw ball %i information: Ball selceted out of range \n", id);
}
}
BallManager.h:
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "Ball.h"
#include <allegro5\allegro.h>
class BallManager
{
private:
std::vector<Ball*> List;
public:
//Get functions
int getBall_X(int id);
int getBall_Y(int id);
int getBall_Velocity(int id);
int getBall_Angle(int id);
int getBall_Radius(int id);
ALLEGRO_COLOR getBall_Color(int id);
//Set Functions
void setBall_X(int id, int value);
void setBall_Y(int id, int value);
void setBall_Velocity(int id, int value);
void setBall_Angle(int id, int value);
void setBall_Radius(int id, int value);
void setBall_Color(int id, ALLEGRO_COLOR value);
bool isBallExist(int id); //Returns true if a ball at index id exists. Else returns false.
void CreateBall(int x, int y, int velocity, int angle, int radius, ALLEGRO_COLOR color);
void DeleteBall(int id);
void drawBall(int id);
void drawBalls();
void updateBalls(); //NOT YET DONE
BallManager(void);
~BallManager(void);
};
BallManager.cpp:
#include "BallManager.h"
BallManager::BallManager(void)
{
}
BallManager::~BallManager(void)
{
}
//Get Functions:
int BallManager::getBall_X(int id)
{
return List[id]->getPos_X();
}
int BallManager::getBall_Y(int id)
{
return List[id]->getPos_Y();
}
int BallManager::getBall_Velocity(int id)
{
return List[id]->getVelocity();
}
int BallManager::getBall_Angle(int id)
{
return List[id]->getAngle();
}
int BallManager::getBall_Radius(int id)
{
return List[id]->getRadius();
}
ALLEGRO_COLOR BallManager::getBall_Color(int id)
{
return List[id]->getColor();
}
//Set functions:
void BallManager::setBall_X(int id, int value)
{
List[id]->setPos_X(value);
}
void BallManager::setBall_Y(int id, int value)
{
List[id]->setPos_Y(value);
}
void BallManager::setBall_Velocity(int id, int value)
{
List[id]->setVelocity(value);
}
void BallManager::setBall_Angle(int id, int value)
{
List[id]->setAngle(value);
}
void BallManager::setBall_Radius(int id, int value)
{
List[id]->setRadius(value);
}
void BallManager::setBall_Color(int id, ALLEGRO_COLOR value)
{
List[id]->setColor(value);
}
void BallManager::CreateBall(int x, int y, int velocity, int angle, int radius, ALLEGRO_COLOR color)
{
Ball* ball = new Ball(x, y, velocity, angle, radius, color);
List.push_back(ball);
}
void BallManager::DeleteBall(int id)
{
if(isBallExist(id))
{
delete List[id];
List.erase(List.begin()+id);
}
else
{
printf("Failed to delete ball %i information: Ball selceted out of range \n", id);
}
}
bool BallManager::isBallExist(int id)
{
if((id+1) > List.size() || id < 0)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void BallManager::drawBall(int id)
{
List[id]->Draw();
}
void BallManager::drawBalls()
{
int total = List.size();
for(int index = 0; index < total; index++)
{
List[index]->Draw();
}
}
void updateBalls()
{
//TODO
}
Ball.h:
#pragma once
#include <allegro5\allegro.h>
#include <allegro5\allegro_primitives.h>
class Ball
{
private:
int x;
int y;
int velocity; //Positive is left side of screen, Negitive is right side of screen
int angle; // Angle derived from the positive vertical
int radius;
ALLEGRO_COLOR color;
public:
//Get Functions
int getPos_X();
int getPos_Y();
int getVelocity();
int getAngle();
int getRadius();
ALLEGRO_COLOR getColor();
//Set Functions
void setPos_X(int value);
void setPos_Y(int value);
void setVelocity(int value);
void setAngle(int value);
void setRadius(int value);
void setColor(ALLEGRO_COLOR value);
//Draws to screen
void Draw();
//Constructor
Ball(int Start_X, int Start_Y, int Start_Velocity, int Start_Angle, int Start_Radius, ALLEGRO_COLOR Start_Color);
//Desctructor
~Ball(void);
};
Ball.cpp:
#include "Ball.h"
Ball::Ball(int Start_X, int Start_Y, int Start_Velocity, int Start_Angle, int Start_Radius, ALLEGRO_COLOR Start_Color)
{
x = Start_X;
y = Start_Y;
velocity = Start_Velocity;
angle = Start_Angle;
radius = Start_Radius;
color = Start_Color;
}
Ball::~Ball(void)
{
}
//Get functions
int Ball::getPos_X()
{
return x;
}
int Ball::getPos_Y()
{
return y;
}
int Ball::getVelocity()
{
return velocity;
}
int Ball::getAngle()
{
return angle;
}
int Ball::getRadius()
{
return radius;
}
ALLEGRO_COLOR Ball::getColor()
{
return color;
}
//Set functions
void Ball::setPos_X(int value)
{
x = value;
}
void Ball::setPos_Y(int value)
{
y = value;
}
void Ball::setVelocity(int value)
{
velocity = value;
}
void Ball::setAngle(int value)
{
angle = value;
}
void Ball::setRadius(int value)
{
radius = value;
}
void Ball::setColor(ALLEGRO_COLOR value)
{
color = value;
}
void Ball::Draw()
{
al_draw_filled_circle(x, y, radius, color);
}
main.cpp:
#include <allegro5\allegro.h>
#include "BallEngine.h"
int ScreenWidth = 620;
int ScreenHeight = 480;
int main()
{
BallEngine Engine(ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight);
//Test balls
Engine.BManager.CreateBall(10, 20, 0, 0, 5, al_map_rgb(0,0,255));
Engine.BManager.CreateBall(11, 21, 1, 1, 5, al_map_rgb(0,0,255));
Engine.BManager.CreateBall(12, 22, 2, 2, 5, al_map_rgb(0,0,255));
Engine.BManager.CreateBall(13, 23, 3, 3, 5, al_map_rgb(0,0,255));
ALLEGRO_EVENT events;
int selected = 0; //Used to show which ball is selected
al_start_timer(Engine.timer);
while(Engine.getIsRunning())
{
al_wait_for_event(Engine.event_queue, &events);
if(events.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN)
{
//Keyboard Input
switch(events.keyboard.keycode)
{
case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE:
Engine.setIsRunning(false);
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT:
Engine.showDebug = !Engine.showDebug; //Toggles the selected balls info
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_UP:
selected++;
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN:
selected--;
break;
case ALLEGRO_KEY_DELETE:
Engine.BManager.DeleteBall(selected); //Deletes a certain ball
break;
}
}
else if(events.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER)
{
//Update
}
//Draw
Engine.BManager.drawBalls();
//Show debug
if(Engine.showDebug == true)
{
Engine.drawBallInfo(10, 10, selected);
}
al_flip_display();
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0));
}
return 0;
}
I am having trouble drawing the balls. In allegro 4, you would pass a buffer on which to draw to and then draw the buffer to the screen. With the code that I have above I am getting an error at the draw() function in the Ball class.
The error reads:
Debug Error!
R6010 -abort() has been called
I also get some information the command prompt:
Assertion failed: addon_initialized, file allegro-git\addons\primitives\primitives.c, line 79
I think I am getting an error because the draw function doesn't have anywhere to draw to because the display was created in the BallEngine Class, but how do I fix it?

Answer 1

Assertion failed: addon_initialized, file allegro-git\addons\primitives\primitives.c, line 79
That's precisely the problem. You haven't initialized the primitives addon.
al_init_primitives_addon()
Also, you should use forward slashes as part of paths (e.g., <allegro5/allegro.h>) because it is cross platform.