Segmentation Fault reason unknown Opencv - c++

Question

I have the following code compiled in linux terminal (c++ in linux) and am using OpenCv 2.4.3.
However, am getting a segmentation fault in run time and I really have no clue as to why. I have placed differnt cout statements to know if the program processed to the particular stage but in vain. Could you please help me? Please explain me what exactly is this segmentation fault. Am stuck here for a long time.
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"check"<<flush;
Mat src,src_gray,dst;
int kernel_size = 3;
int scale = 1;
int delta = 0;
int ddepth = CV_16S;
char* window_name = "sharpness estimate";
int freq,rows,cols =0;
double *estimate,*min = 0;
Point *minLoc,*maxLoc = 0;
src = imread("/home/siddarth/examplescv/erez images/image53.jpg");
if( !src.data )
{
return -1;
}
namedWindow(window_name,CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
Mat abs_dst;
cvtColor(src,src_gray,CV_RGB2GRAY);
Laplacian(src_gray,dst,ddepth,kernel_size,scale,delta,BORDER_DEFAULT);
convertScaleAbs(dst, abs_dst);
minMaxLoc(dst,min,estimate,minLoc,maxLoc,noArray());
Size s = dst.size();
rows = s.height;
cols = s.width;
cout<<rows<<endl<<cols<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<=rows;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<=cols;j++)
{
if(dst.at<double>(i,j) >= *estimate-100
&& dst.at<double>(i,j) <= *estimate+100)
{
cout<<freq++;
}
}
}
cout<<"estimate :"<<*estimate<<endl;
cout<<"frequency :"<<freq<<endl;
imshow(window_name,abs_dst);
waitKey(1000);
return 0;
}
The code doesn't cross the first "check" print statement just after the main function declaration. That is the confusing issue. But once I flushed the first print statement, it got executed. I am still facing issues.

Answer 1

Make sure you insert std::endl into cout so that the buffer is flushed. This will probably be why you're not seeing any output.
One immediate issue is that your for loops check the condition with <=, meaning that you're probably going one past the end. But since you're using at, you should have an exception thrown (assuming this Mat type acts like a standard container).
Also, you're creating lots of pointers to pass as some function arguments (for example, double* estimate). This doesn't actually give you a double object though, just a pointer. Unless the function you're passing them to is allocating a double for you (which I hope it's not), you're doing it wrong. You should be doing:
double estimate;
minMaxLoc(/* ... */, &estimate, /* ... */);
You'll need to do that with all of the values you're getting through output parameters.
Another thing to note: Doing int i, j = 0; only initialises j to 0, but not i. You need to do int i = 0, j = 0;.
Okay, I'm going to explain why fixing the initialisers works. I had to look up the definition of minMaxLoc to see what happens. Basically, the function is something like the following:
void setToFive(int* x)
{
if (x) {
*x = 5;
}
}
This function will take a pointer to an int, and then set that int to the value 5. However, if the pointer passed is a null pointer, the value will not be set (otherwise there'll be undefined behaviour because you're derefencing a null pointer). Basically, passing a null pointer says "I don't care about this value so don't give it to me".
Now when you were initialising your pointers, you were doing:
double *estimate, *min = 0;
This only sets min to the null pointer. Since estimate is left uninitialized, you can't rely on its value being null. You need to provide an initialiser for each declarator:
double *estimate = 0, *min = 0;

Answer 2

Thanks to #sftrabbit. The problem was the initialization. instead of
int freq,rows,cols=0;
The change was
int freq=0,rows=0,cols=0;
this removed the segmentation fault. Thanks a lot for your help :).

Answer 3

Since you are in a Linux environment, you can use valgrind to find out exactly where the segmentation fault is happening. Just type valgrind before the name of the program, or the way you execute your program. For example, if you execute your program with the following command:
hello -print
issue the following command instead:
valgrind hello -print
I see you already solved this one, but this may be helpful in the future!