I'm working on a homework assignment for Comp Sci I, and I've tried literally everything I could find on the internet and in my textbook in an attempt to count the number of matching elements in two C++ arrays. I simply can't find a way to make my code count the number of matching elements in two arrays of the same size (same value, same position). For instance, if array1 has 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and array2 has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, there is one matching element, the 3. How can I get my code to perform this seemingly simple task?
Couldn't find an answer anywhere. My textbook only shows how to see if the arrays match exactly without counting the number of matches, and I haven't been able to find anyone else with this exact question for C++.
Here's my function so far:
int matchCounter(int lottery[5], int user[5], int matches, int SIZE)
{
int count = 0;
for (count < SIZE; count++;)
{
if (lottery[count] == user[count])
{
matches++;
}
}
return matches;
} // end matchCounter
SIZE is a constant that equals 5, by the way. It would seem that this should work, but every time I run the program, it displays 0 matches, even in there are some matches. If anyone could help me out, I would be forever in your debt. Seriously, there's got to be some incredibly simple thing I'm just not seeing. Thanks for you help in advance.
Your for statement is garbled. Try this:
int matchCounter(int lottery[5], int user[5], int matches, int SIZE)
{
for (int count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
{
...
For reason why your program always fails: count++ is put in the position of the condition in the for loop, so every time this for loop is executed, count is evaluated and considered to be the condition, and then count is incremented by 1. However, every time count starts from 0 (as in int count = 0;), so the for loop actually never gets executed, and matches remain zero.
EDIT:
From your source code, you're not using your return value, which is also suggested by #jimhark. Change the function signature to:
int matchCounter(int lottery[5], int user[5], int SIZE)
And call with:
matches = matchCounter(lottery, user, 5);
Otherwise, your return value of the function matchCounter is ignored, while int matches only plays the role of a local variable in the function.
Read this about why the matches doesn't work: http://www.cs.utsa.edu/~wagner/CS2213/swap/swap.html (in a similar setting)
Since this is a homework, I will try to point the errors without giving the solution.
The form of a for loop is:
for (INIT; COND; STEP) {
BODY;
}
which is equivalent to:
INIT;
while (COND) {
BODY;
STEP;
}
The way you did, your INIT is count < SIZE, which doesn't do anything. Your "COND" is count++, which returns 0 on the first iteration. As you may know, 0 is false, in the context of a boolean. Therefore, your for loop body is not being executed at all.
Also, you should not pass matches as an argument. It should be a local variable initialized with 0.
Your may not be using your return value. Change sig to:
int matchCounter(int lottery[5], int user[5], int SIZE)
{
matches = 0;
And make sure your're calling with:
matches = matchCounter(lottery, user, 5);
If you need a running sum, use:
matches += matchCounter(lottery, user, 5);
In any case matchCounter doesn't care what running total is, so why pass it in?
Also you may need to sort the lists first.
Maybe this can help:
int matches=0;
for(int i=0;i<ARRAY.SIZE;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<ARRAY.SIZE;j++) {
if(arr1[i]==arr2[j]) {
matches++;
arr2[j]=NULL;
}
}
}
Related
Can someone help me with the code in c++ below?
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int PARENT(int i)
{
return (i/2);
}
int Heapify_up(int arra[], int i)
{
int j,k;
if (i>1){
j = PARENT(i);
if (arra[i]<arra[j]){
k=arra[i];
arra[i]=arra[j];
arra[j]=k;
Heapify_up(arra, j);
}
}
return j;
}
int main()
{
int array3[15];
int i,p,array_length;
ifstream inputFile1("Heapfile.txt");
if (inputFile1.good()){
int current_number = 0;
i=1;
while (inputFile1>> current_number)
array3[i++] = current_number;
inputFile1.close();
}
array_length = i;
cout<<"Please, enter an integer: ";
cin>>p;
array3[array_length+1]=p;
int pos=Heapify_up(array3, array_length+1);
for (i=1; i<15; i++){
cout<<array3[i]<<" ";
}
cout<<"The position is "<<pos;
}
Let me explain you that have an array in a txt file. After i insert a random integer and with the heapify-up algorith I'm sorting this random number to the array. I want to print the new sorted array(I' have done that) and the new position of the random element that i have entered. Any idea?
thanks in advance!
P.S. I am new here and i find it somehow difficult to post my code correctly... still learning! XD
Okay, there are multiple problems with your code.
You make no effort to ensure you don't blow past the size of your
static array.
You skip a spot in the array when appending your manually-added
value
Your array length is wrong
You aren't initializing your variables
Let's start with the last one. Please do something like this:
int i{0}, p, array_length;
This ensures the i variable is properly initialized to zero.
Next, your code does this:
array3[i++] = current_number;
This means that at any given time, i is the length of the array.
But later you do this:
array_length = i;
array3[array_length+1]=p;
Frankly, I would drop variable i entirely and use array_length instead. There is no need for both.
But even without that, you're setting array_length correctly, but then you're inserting to a point AFTER that, so you might start with:
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
At this point, i == 5. Input a 6 and have:
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 6 ]
Because you put it at index i+1 not at index i.
At this point, array_length is no longer an accurate length. But you do this:
int pos=Heapify_up(array3, array_length+1);
So it kind of works.
I don't know why Heapify_up is returning j -- it's just the midpoint of the array. That's not a useful value.
Furthermore, I don't really know what your heapify thing is trying to accomplish.. It certainly isn't a heap-sort. If the middle and end numbers are in sorted order, it doesn't actually do a thing.
This URL might help you with some code:
Heap sort at Geeks for Geeks
As for using a fix-length array -- that's problematic, too, but using std::vector is probably a bit much for you. I'd make sure that your input loop doesn't run into issues or start with a much longer beginning array.
So I got this code sample that needs fixing. From what I can gather it takes an array, reverses it and then counts all the elements within it. Here is the code.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void ReverseTheArray( const short *pArrayStart, const int nArrayByteLength )
{
const short *pArrayEnd = (pArrayStart + nArrayByteLength);
while(pArrayStart != pArrayEnd)
{
short tmp = *pArrayStart;
*pArrayStart = *pArrayEnd;
*pArrayEnd = tmp;
pArrayStart++;
pArrayEnd--;
}
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
int CountTheArrayContents( const short *pArrayStart, int nNumEntries )
{
assert(nNumEntries-- > 0);
int nCount = 0;
for(unsigned uArrayIndex = nNumEntries; uArrayIndex >= 0; uArrayIndex--)
{
nCount += pArrayStart[uArrayIndex];
}
return nCount;
}
const short g_nSomeNumbers[] =
{
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
};
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
short *pDataArray = new short[10];
memcpy(pDataArray, g_nSomeNumbers, sizeof(g_nSomeNumbers));
ReverseTheArray(pDataArray, 10*sizeof(short));
int nCount = CountTheArrayContents(pDataArray, 10);
printf("Sum total is %0.02f\n", nCount);
return 0;
}
I have ideas of what the problems are but can't seem to figure out a simple solution to the problem, one that doesn't require rewriting the entire code. If anyone can read this and see how the errors can be fixed it would be much appreciated.
I'm going to mention some things that I think are causing problems.
All the parameters and the pArrayEnd variable in the ReversTheArray() function are all const but are trying to be changed within the while loop, which is throwing an error. Should the const's be removed? Is there a reason const's would be used for this?
If the const's are remove a runtime error happens when trying to run the for loop in the CountTheArrayContents() function expressing an unhandled exception and saying "Access violation reading location 0x003DFFFE". Drawing a complete blank on that one.
Again any help on the code would be very much appreciated and I couldn't thank you guys enough.
PS. This is a challenge to create a reverse and accumulate function so I'm looking for a fix for the code and not a removal of the two functions. Thank you
PSS. Thanks to everyone who answered. I'm glad I did this (this being the first problem that I've posted about myself) and you've all been a huge help. I've got to say I've learnt alot.
Adding the actual length in bytes will add too many because pointer arithmetic is defined in terms of units of the size of the type pointed to. That is, pArrayEnd becomes &pDataArray[10 * sizeof(short)] instead of &pDataArray[10]. You don't need to multiply by sizeof(short) when calling the reversal function. Alternatively, you can divide nArrayByteLength by sizeof(short) when calculating the initial value of pArrayEnd.
The second issue is the fact that you only have 10 elements (0..9) allocated, meaning &pDataArray[10] would be one element beyond the array. The reversal function then tries to assign data to this unallocated area of memory, which can cause problems. The function should initialize pArrayEnd as shown, but immediately after, it should decrement pArrayEnd by 1. This way you won't be assigning to memory that might not belong to you. Beware of pArrayStart == pArrayEnd before you decrement pArrayEnd. An alternative test would be to ensure nArrayByteLength != 0.
Another problem is if the array has an even number of elements, and you try to do a reversal. If it does have an even number (like 10), pArrayStart will point to pDataArray[4], pArrayEnd will point to pDataArray[5], and after the data is assigned, pArrayStart++ will make pArrayStart point to pDataArray[5] and pArrayEnd-- point to pDataArray[4]. Then (6,3), (7,2), (8,1), (9,0), ... In other words, pArrayStart will never be equal to pArrayEnd in such a case. Instead, you should ensure that pArrayStart < pArrayEnd.
Hope this helps!
Also, any reason for not using std:: reverse? Just wondering.
Edit
The accumulation function can be rewritten as the following, which will avoid the issue with the assert macro while doing the same thing:
int CountTheArrayContents( const short *pArrayStart, int nNumEntries )
{
int count = 0;
assert(nNumEntries);
while (nNumEntries--)
count += pArrayStart[nNumEntries];
return count;
}
Hopefully count doesn't overflow.
If all you're trying to do is reverse the contents of the array and accumulate the result, std::reverse and std::accumulate will do the trick (per the suggestion by #chris). Here's an example, which maintains the dynamically allocated short*. A better solution would use std::vector or std::array.
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>
const short g_nSomeNumbers[] =
{
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
};
int main()
{
short *pDataArray = new short[10];
memcpy(pDataArray, g_nSomeNumbers, sizeof(g_nSomeNumbers));
std::reverse(pDataArray, pDataArray+10);
int nCount = std::accumulate(pDataArray, pDataArray+10, 0);
for( size_t i=0; i<10; ++i )
printf("%d ", pDataArray[i]);
printf("\n");
printf("Sum total is %d\n", nCount);
delete [] pDataArray;
return 0;
}
This prints
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Sum total is 45
I have a programming assignment to write a program in C++ that finds all primes less than n (user input). One half of the assignment involves the Sieve of Eratosthenes. My code is working (read: assignment is complete), but before I edited the output, it was unconditionally printing out n-3, n-2, and n-1 as primes even if they were not prime. I'm not sure why this is happening. I'd appreciate a bit of feedback and ideas as to why the program is acting the way it is. Here is the unaltered code:
Please note that I am using a ListNode class and a LinkedList class, both of which are fully functional. EDIT: partial main added; notice the second item in the for loop is size-3. If it's left at size, the program outputs 3 extra non-primes.
int main()
{
for(int i = 0; i<my_list.size()-3; i++)
{
if(marked[i]==true)
cout<<my_list[i]<<"\n";
}
}
void eratosthenes(int item)
{
bool run=true;
int p=2, count=0;
for(int i=2; i<=item; i++)
{
my_list.append(i); // Entire list is filled with integers from 2 to n
marked.append(true); // Entire list is filled with true entries
}
while(run==true&&(2*p)<item)
{
count = 0;
int i = (2*p);
do {
marked[i-2]=false; // marked values are false and not prime
i+=p;
} while(i<item-2);
for(int i=0; i<item-2; i++) // i starts at 0 and increments by 1
{ // each time through the loop
if(my_list[i]>p)
{
if(marked[i]==true) // If a value stored in a node is true
{ // (prime), it becomes the new p.
p=my_list[i]; // The loop is then broken.
break;
}
}
}
for(int j=1; j<item-2; j++)
{
if(marked[j]==false)
{
count=1;
}
}
if(count==0)
run=false;
}
Complete method
void Eratosthenes(int upperBound)
{
bool Prime[upperBound];
for(int i = 0;i<upperBound;i++)
Prime[i]=true;
for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(upperBound); i++)
{
if (Prime[i])
{
for (int j = i * 2; j < upperBound; j += i)
Prime[j] = false;
}
}
for(int i=2;i<upperBound;i++)
{
if(Prime[i]==true)
cout<<i<<" ";
}
}
From your code:
do{
marked[i-2]=false;//marked values are false and not prime
i+=p;
}while(i<item-2);
This loop is responsible for going through all numbers i that are integer multiples of the prime number p and marking them not prime, as I understand. Why are you stopping on the condition i < item - 2? This would be fine if i were your index for the my_list and marked lists, but in this case it's not; it's the actual number you're marking not prime. I suspect this is why you're getting numbers near your limit (item) that are marked as prime—your loop here exits before i ever gets to those numbers!
By the way, you could do this as a for loop instead, which would be easier to read. The for loop has the meaning "go through each element in a set" (whether that's consecutive integers, or every nth integer, or elements in an array/list/deque, etc.), so a programmer reading your code knows that immediately and doesn't have to figure it out from your while loop.
// mark every multiple of the current prime as not prime
for(int i = 2*p; i < item - 2; i += p)
{
marked[i-2] = false;
}
(This is the same as your original code, no fixes applied).
Some general comments to improve your algorithm/code:
Try using more descriptive variable names. Your use of i two times to mean different things is confusing, and in general single letters don't mean much as to what the variable represents (although sometimes they're sufficient, e.g. a for loop where i is the index of a list/array).
Also, you're looping over your list a lot more than you need to. The minimum a sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm needs is two nested for loops (not including initializing a list/array to all true).
One example of where you're doing more work than necessary is that you're looping starting from index 0 to find the next p to use—instead of just remembering where your current p is and starting from there. You wouldn't even need to check my_list[i] > p in that case, since you know you'd be beyond it to start off. Also, your last loop could break; early and avoid continuing on after it finds a non-prime (and I'm not sure what the point of it is).
Nikola Mitev's second answer is a more efficient and more readable implementation of the sieve (but replace sqrt(upperBound) with upperBound/2 for it to work correctly; the reason for upperBound/2 should be pretty clear from the way the Sieve works), although he didn't really give much comment or explanation on it. The first loop is "go through every number up to upperBound"; inside it, "if the current number is a prime, go through all the multiples of that prime and mark them non-prime". After that innerloop executes, the outer loop continues, going through the next numbers—no need to start from the beginning, or even type out another for loop, to find the next prime.
EDIT: sqrt(upperBound) is correct. I wasn't thinking about it carefully enough.
Why don't you work with array of booleans for simplicity starting from index 2, and when you will print the result, you will print indices with value of true
as the title explains this is a program to find lcm of numbers between 1 to 20. i found an algorithm to do this, here's the link
http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Arithmetic/LCM.shtml
there is a java applet on the webpage that might explain the algorithm better
Problem: i wrote the code compiler shows no error but when i run the code the program goes berserk, i guess may be some infinite loopig but i can't figure it out for the life of me. i use turbo c++ 4.5 so basically if anyone can look at the code and help me out it would be great . thanks in advance
Algorithm:
say we need to find lcm of 2,6,8
first we find the least of the series and add to it the number above it, i.e the series become
4,6,8
now we find the least value again and add to it the intitial value in the column i.e 2
6,6,8
so the next iteration becomes
8,6,8
8,12,8
10,12,8
10,12,16
12,12,16
14,12,16
14,18,16
16,18,16
18,18,16
18,18,24
20,18,24
20,24,24
22,24,24
24,24,24
as you can see at one point all numbers become equal which is our lcm
#include<iostream.h>
/*function to check if all the elements of an array are equal*/
int equl(int a[20], int n)
{
int i=0;
while(n==1&&i<20)
{
if (a[i]==a[i+1])
n=1;
else
n=0;
i++;
}
return n;
}
/*function to calculate lcm and return that value to main function*/
int lcm()
{
int i,k,j,check=1,a[20],b[20];
/*loading both arrays with numbers from 1 to 20*/
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
a[i]=i+1;
b[i]=i+1;
}
check= equl(a,1);
/*actual implementation of the algorith*/
while(check==0)
{
k=a[0]; /*looks for the least value in the array*/
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
if(a[i+1]<k)
{
k=a[i+1]; /*find the least value*/
j=i+1; /*mark the position in array */
}
else
continue;
}
a[j]=k+b[j]; /*adding the least value with its corresponding number*/
check= equl(a,1);
}
return (a[0]);
/*at this point all numbers in the array must be same thus any value gives us the lcm*/
}
void main()
{
int l;
l=lcm();
cout<<l;
}
In this line:
a[j]=k+b[j];
You use j but it is unitialized so it's some huge value and you are outside of the array bounds and thus you get a segmentation fault.
You also have some weird things going on in your code. void main() and you use cout without either saying std::cout or using namespace std; or something similar. An odd practice.
Also don't you think you should pass the arrays as arguments if you're going to make lcm() a function? That is int lcm(int a[], int b[]);.
You might look into using a debugger also and improving your coding practices. I found this error within 30 seconds of pasting your code into the compiler with the help of the debugger.
Your loop condition is:
while(n==1&&i<20)
So your equl function will never return 1 because if n happens to be 1 then the loop will just keep going and never return a 1.
However, your program still does not appear to return the correct result. You can split the piece of your code that finds the minimum element and replace it with this for cleanliness:
int least(int a[], int size){
int minPos = 0;
for(int i=0; i<size ;i++){
if (a[i] < a[minPos] ){
minPos = i;
}
}
return minPos;
}
Then you can call it by saying j = least(a, 20);. I will leave further work on your program to you. Consider calling your variables something meaningful instead of i,j,k,a,b.
Your equl function is using array indices from 0-20, but the arrays only have 1-19
j in lcm() is uninitialized if the first element is the smallest. It should be set to 0 at the top of the while loop
In the following code, when i=19, you are accessing a[20], which is out of the bounds of the array. Should be for(i=0;i<19;i++)
for(i=0;i<20;i++) {
if(a[i+1]<k)
You are not actually using the std namespace for the cout. this should be std::cout<<l
Your are including iostream.h. The standard is iostream without the .h, this may not work on such an old compiler tho
instead of hard-coding 20 everywhere, you should use a #define. This is not an error, just a style thing.
The following code does nothing. This is the default behavior
else
continue;
I'm making a C++ game which requires me to initialize 36 numbers into a vector. You can't initialize a vector with an initializer list, so I've created a while loop to initialize it faster. I want to make it push back 4 of each number from 2 to 10, so I'm using an int named fourth to check if the number of the loop is a multiple of 4. If it is, it changes the number pushed back to the next number up. When I run it, though, I get SIGABRT. It must be a problem with fourth, though, because when I took it out, it didn't give the signal.
Here's the program:
for (int i; i < 36;) {
int fourth = 0;
fourth++;
fourth%=4;
vec.push_back(i);
if (fourth == 0) {
i++;
}
}
Please help!
You do not initialize i. Use for (int i = 0; i<36;). Also, a new variable forth is allocated on each iteration of the loop body. Thus the test fourth==0 will always yield false.
I want to make it push back 4 of each number from 2 to 10
I would use the most straight forward approach:
for (int value = 2; value <= 10; ++value)
{
for (int count = 0; count < 4; ++count)
{
vec.push_back(value);
}
}
The only optimization I would do is making sure that the capacity of the vector is sufficient before entering the loop. I would leave other optimizations to the compiler. My guess is, what you gain by omitting the inner loop, you lose by frequent modulo division.
You did not initialize i, and you are resetting fourth in every iteration. Also, with your for loop condition, I do not think it will do what you want.
I think this should work:
int fourth = 0;
for (int i = 2; i<=10;) {
fourth++;
fourth%=4;
vec.push_back(i);
if (fourth==0) {
i++;
}
}
I've been able to create a static array declaration and pass that array into the vector at initialization without issue. Pretty clean too:
const int initialValues[36] = {0,1,2...,35};
std::vector foo(initialValues);
Works with constants, but haven't tried it with non const arrays.