Taking Input through a string in c++ - c++

In C, suppose I need to take input from a string
int num,cost;
char *name[10];
printf("Enter your inputs [quantity item_of_name at cost]");
scanf("%d%*c%s%*c%*s%*c%d",&num,name[0],&cost);
printf("quantity of item: %d",num);
printf("the cost of item is: %d",cost);
printf("the name of item is: %d",name[0]);
INPUT
1 book at 12
OUTPUT
Quantity of item is: 1
The cost of item is: 12
The name of item is: book
Now I want to do the same thing in C++. And I have no idea how to approach. gets() returns the whole string.Is there any specific function that I am missing out on? Please help.

int num,cost;
std::string name;
std::cout << "Enter your inputs [quantity item_of_name at cost]: ";
if (std::cin >> num >> name >> cost)
{ } else
{ /* error */ }
You will want to add errorhandling

In C++ you should rather use cin, cout and string from standard library.

In c++, std::stream provides the read and write communication with the user through the >> operator.
Your code translates to
int num,cost;
std::string name;
std::cout << "Enter your inputs [quantity item_of_name at cost]" << std::flush;
std::cin >> num >> name;
std::cin >> at; // skip the at word
std::cin >> cost;
std::cout << "quantity of item: " << num << std::endl;
std::cout << "the cost of item is: " << cost << std::endl;
std::cout << "the name of item is: " << name << std::endl;

You could use iostream's cin.
int num,cost;
char *name[10];
std::cout <<"Enter your quantity"<<std::endl;
std::cin>> num;
std::cout<<" Enter the cost"<<std::endl;
std::cin>>cost;
std::cout<<"Enter the name"<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"The quantity of the item is: "<<num<<" costing: "<<cost<<" for "<<name[0]<<std::endl;
and then of course you could also use std::string instead of char*.
Or streamline the cin's as cin >> num >> cost >> name;
Also, as Griwes noted, you will want to perform error checking on your results.

Related

How can I find in an array of objects the main actor I need

This is my task:
I have done half of my code, but I'm struggling because I'm a beginner in OOP and I'm not sure how I can find movie where main_actor is Angelina Jolie.
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
string name;
int year;
string prod;
string actor;
cout << "\nenter the film name " ;
cin >> name;
cout << "\nenter the production year ";
cin >> year;
cout << "\nenter the producer name ";
cin >> prod;
cout << "\nenter the actor name ";
cin >> actor;
obs[i].SetName(name);
obs[i].SetYearP(year);
obs[i].SetProducer(prod);
obs[i].SetMaina(actor);
if (actor == "Angelina Jolie")
{
cout << "The movie who has main actor Angelina Jolie is" << name << endl;
} // Đ¢his is my attempt.
}
}
You need to make a function that loops over your array and checks the main-actor:
bool findFilm(Film* films, int numFilms, string actor)
{
bool found = false;
for (int i = 0; i< numFilms; i++) {
if(!actor.compare(0, films[i].GetyMaina().length(), films[i].GetyMaina()){
cout<<"Film "<<films[i].GetName()<<" has main actor "<<actor<<"\n";
found = true;
}
}
return found;
}
The first thing you should do is using C++ containers like std::vector, std::array instead of raw array. And of course, then you should fill them.
std::vector<Films> films;
std::array<Films, 100> films;
The seconds thing is, you should delete "Films() = default;" part. That declaration changes everything in C++.
After these changes, you will be able to use containers' template member functions and algorithm functions (like find(), find_if(), count() etc.) to get what you need.
#include <algorithm>
If you are not able to do these changes, simply you can do it by looping:
for(auto film : films){
//comparisons, if checks, returns
}
Please use getline() function for user input because cin >> name will save from name Angelina Jolie only Angelina. Because it is reading only whole words not including white space.
To use function getline() put this after #include<cstring>
#include <string>
So use getline like this :
cout << "\n enter the actor name ";
std::getline (std::cin,actor);
Another problem is that you need cin.ignore() between two inputs. Because you need to flush the newline character out of the buffer in between.
Before loop ask for data like this :
cout << "how many films ";
cin >> n;
cin.ignore();
In loop like this :
cout << "\n enter the film name ";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "\n enter the production year ";
cin.ignore();
cin >> year;
cout << "\n enter the producer name ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, prod);
cout << "\n enter the actor name ";
getline(cin, actor);
b) (put this function in your class in public section right after string GetMania() ):
static void FindFilm(Film arr[], int cntFilms, string actor)
{
for (int i = 0; i < cntFilms; i++)
{
if (arr[i].GetMaina() == "Angelina Jolie")
cout << "The movie who has main actor Angelina Jolie is" << arr[i].GetName() << endl;
}
}
And from main call it like this right after loop.
string actor = "Angelina Jolie";
Film::FindFilm(obs, n, actor);
Also it's better if you write escape sequence (or special character) for new line (\n) to the end of output message. Like this :
cout << "The name of movie: \n" << name;

Unable to get appropriate Input validation for Integer

double age = 0;
int empAge;
cout << "Please enter your age in integers: ";
cin >> age;
// Input validation for age. To prevent input with a decimal number eg 5.6, 7.8, 90.9, etc
while(cin.fail() || ((int)age != (double)age)){
cout << "\nThat is not a valid option, please try again. ";
cin >> age;
if(cin.fail() || (int)age != double(age)){
cin.clear();
string not_an_int;
cin >> not_an_int;
}
cout << "That is not a valid option, please try again. ";
cin >> age;
}
// Assigns the data in variable of double type age to the variable of int type empAge
age = empAge;
What I need to get done ?
Ask user to enter a integer digit only.
If not an integer give error "That is not a valid option, please try again" and ask user to enter again.
Attached is also an image showing errors my code gives with the inputs used.
What I need to get done ? Ask user to enter a integer digit only. If
not an integer give error "That is not a valid option, please try
again" and ask user to enter again.
I advise you to read this carefully, as it is quite unclear what exactly you are asking.
I've prepared this small snippet for you in case you are asking something like How do I read user input using stdin while validating it is only an integer value?
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>
bool is_natural(const std::string s)
{
return s.find_first_not_of( "0123456789" ) == std::string::npos;
}
int main()
{
std::string input;
while (!(std::cin >> input) || !is_natural(input))
{
std::cout << "That is not a valid option, please try again.\n";
std::cin.clear();
std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
}
int age = std::stoi(input);
std::cout << "Age (natural integer value) entered: " << age << "\n";
}
If you want to read only integers in input, this is a possible solution:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age;
unsigned long status;
string myString;
do {
cout << "Please enter your age in integers: ";
getline(cin, myString);
/*
* Return the position of the first character that does not match.
* Else return "string::npos"
*/
status = myString.find_first_not_of("0123456789");
if (status != string::npos)
cout << "That is not a valid option, please try again." << endl;
} while (status != string::npos);
//Convert string to int.
age = stoi(myString);
cout << "Age as integer: " << age << endl;
}
You can use stoi() only in c++ 11 or following:
int num = stoi( str )
Old method:
int num = atoi( str.c_str() )
using namespace std;
// The method check if the string only contains digits
bool is_digits(const std::string &str)
{
return std::all_of(str.begin(), str.end(), ::isdigit);
}
int main()
{
int age;
bool status = false;
string myString;
while (!status) {
cout << "Please enter your age in integers: ";
cin >> myString;
status = is_digits(myString);
if (!status)
cout << "That is not a valid option, please try again." << endl;
}
//Convert string to int.
age = stoi(myString);
cout << "Age as integer: " << age << endl;
return 0;
}

Reading a line from a file into different variables using fstream

I wonder if there is any way to not ignore spaces when trying to assign a value to name.
I would like to keep this conditional structure* in the while loop but getting the ClientFile >> like getline and not as cin.
*I know I could use substring and find, that is not the idea.
Line example from text file:
1 ; Iron Man ; 10.70
Problem:
The program does not enter the loop because name is being assigned as only Iron.
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream ClientsFile("clients.txt");
int id;
string name;
double money;
char sep1;
char sep2;
while (ClientsFile >> id >> sep1 >> name >> sep2 >> money)
{
cout << "id: " << id << endl << "name: " << name << endl << "money: " << money << endl << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Thanks.
The input operator >> separates on white-space. Instead you might want to use std::getline to read the semicolon separated fields.
Something like
std::string id_string, money_string;
while (std::getline(ClientsFile, id_string, ';') &&
std::getline(ClientsFile, name, ';') &&
std::getline(ClientsFile, money_string))
{
id = std::stoi(id_string);
money = std::stod(money_string);
...
}

Storing user input data in a dynamic array of structures/ displaying said data. C++

So for my project I have to...
Create a structure using the format: struct PERSON{string name; int age; float gpa;};
Ask the user to enter the number of records they would like to enter.
Create a dynamic array p of PERSON type to be able to hold all records in part 2
Read data into array p in part 2
Display array p
However, whenever I run my program and begin to enter my data it won't let me enter more than one set of data and the output seems to make little sense.
Here is my code:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
struct PERSON
{
string name;
int age;
float gpa;
};
PERSON *p;
int main()
{
int count;
cout << "Please enter the number of records you wish to enter: ";
cin >> count;
p = new (nothrow) PERSON[count];
if (p == nullptr)
cout << "Error: memory could not be allocated";
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
cout << "Enter name, age, and gpa: ";
getline(cin, p[i].name);
cin >> p[i].age;
cin >> p[i].gpa;
cout << endl;
}cout << endl;
cout << "This is the content of array p: " << endl;
cout << right << setw(8) << "NAME" << setw(7) << "AGE" << setw(7) << "GPA" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
cout << p[i].name << " " << p[i].age << " " << p[i].gpa << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Now, this format seemed to work just fine when I was copying data from a file into a dynamic array of structures, but I can't seem to get it to work now that I'm dealing with user input.
Here is what a trial run of the program produces:
Please enter the number of records you wish to enter: 3
Enter name, age, and gpa: Robert 21 2.1 // This is the info I tested
Enter name, age, and gpa:
Enter name, age, and gpa:
This is the content of array p:
NAME AGE GPA
--------------------------
-842150451 -4.31602e+008 //?
-842150451 -4.31602e+008 //?
-842150451 -4.31602e+008 //?
Press any key to continue . . .
I've probably gone over the code two dozen times now and have been searching for an answer for quite a while. Any advice/analysis/comments would be greatly appreciated.
So #AndyG suggested that I change the getline(cin, p[i].name) to cin >> p[i].name and that seemed to clear things up. Thank you!
Sorry to trouble everyone over such a silly muck-up.
The Problem
Your getline(cin, p[i].name) is actually grabbing all your input on the same line, and your later cin statements are going to be mismatched.
std::getline should be reserved for getting an entire line into a character buffer or std::string, i.e., it's not always the appropriate tool for reading in a string.
The Solution
Instead, you simply need to replace getline(cin, p[i].name) with cin >> p[i].name.
Live Demo
Other minor changes
Remove the nullptr check:
if (p == nullptr)
cout << "Error: memory could not be allocated";
Because in C++ you will get an exception thrown if the new operator fails to allocate. Like bku_drytt mentioned, you can wrap this in a try catch block instead, although I'd personally just remove it altogether.
#include <new>
// ...
Person* p = null;
try
{
p = new Person[count];
} catch(std::bad_alloc& ex)
{
cerr << "Unable to allocate memory for Person! Error msg: " << ex.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
Finally, don't forget to delete[] the memory you allocated for p:
// ...
delete[] p;
return 0;
} //end of int main()
Even though your OS will most definitely clean that memory up for you, you should still ensure you clean it up manually. Good practice at least. Alternatively, you can use a std::array or a std::vector instead, which will still give you random access just like the c-style array of PERSON you already have.
The std::getline() function is "misbehaving" in relation to your intentions because there is (I think) a new line character left in the stream input queue.
You can discard such characters by using the following command cin.sync().
Why does this happen? Because operator>> does not read whitespaces, but std::getline() does, so when the cin >> count; statement is executed and you press enter, the new line character (from pressing enter) is left in the stream input queue, which is automatically read by std::getline() upon execution.
There are other functions that can accomplish this and perhaps someone more informed can tell us which is the best choice.
Here is a fixed version:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
struct Person
{
string name;
int age;
float gpa;
};
int main()
{
cout << "Please enter the number of records you wish to enter: ";
int count;
cin >> count;
Person* p = new Person[ count ];
for ( int i = 0; i < count; i++ )
{
cin.sync(); // added this to discard unused characters from input queue
cout << "Enter name: ";
getline( cin, p[ i ].name );
cout << "Enter age: ";
cin >> p[ i ].age;
cout << "Enter gpa: ";
cin >> p[ i ].gpa;
cout << endl;
}cout << endl;
cout << "This is the content of array p: " << endl;
cout << right << setw( 8 ) << "NAME" << setw( 7 ) << "AGE" << setw( 7 ) << "GPA" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
for ( int i = 0; i < count; i++ )
{
cout << p[ i ].name << " " << p[ i ].age << " " << p[ i ].gpa << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Notes:
You do not need to check if Person* p is nullptr because the new operator will throw a std::bad_alloc exception if it fails to allocate enough memory. Consider wrapping that memory allocation in a try catch block if you really want to.

How to read in a set of values from a text file, then go to the next line and do the same

Im trying to read a list like this one
James John 15 5 1
Douglas Frank 23 8 1
Bnejamin Zach 17 1 4
and store each value into a a separate variable. The names are strings, and the other numbers are floats and an int. I can get the data from one line so far, but I dont know how to go onto the next line and do the same. Here is my code so far.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream employees;
string lastname, firstname, lastname1, firstname1, lastname2, firstname2;
float base, sales, base1, sales1, base2, sales2;
int years, years1, years2;
employees.open("employees.txt");
while (employees)
{
employees >> lastname >> firstname >> base >> sales >> years;
I want to keep it as simple as possible, I dont know user defined functions, arrays, or vectors at all yet. So is there a simple function that will just end the line at years; and go to the next line and carry on?
Thanks.
Use an array. Whenever you end up with "I want to add a number to this variable because I want more than one", if the number reaches more than 2, then you should really use an array (unless very special cases).
You may also want to use a struct to store your different values (firstname, lastname, base, sales and years) - that way, you only get a single array, rather than several different arrays.
Since this is C++, arrays means vector. In other words:
struct employee
{
string firstname, lastname;
float base, sales;
int years;
};
vector<employee> emp_table;
employee e;
while (employees >> e.firstname >> e.lastname >> e.base >> e.sales >> e.years)
{
emp_table.push_back(e);
}
Note I put the input of employees as the while-condition. This avoids an extra loop iteration and "pushing back" a second copy of the last entry when you have reached end of file.
There are many ways in C++ to accomplish what you are trying to do. One approach that allows for data validation is to use the std::getline function to read the file one line at a time and then use a std::stringstream to parse the data.. This allows you to validate the data and continue processing if the data on a line is malformed.
[As Mats noted you can use a data structure and std::vector to make storing and managing the data easier.]
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
struct employee
{
std::string firstname;
std::string lastname;
float base;
float sales;
int years;
};
int main()
{
std::ifstream employeeFile;
employeeFile.open("employees.txt");
std::string tmpLine;
std::vector<employee> employeeTable;
// read in an entire line at a time
while(std::getline(employeeFile, tmpLine))
{
// Place the input line into a stream that reads from
// a string instead of a file.
std::stringstream inputLine(tmpLine);
// Try parsing the data. The ! operator is used here to check
// for errors. Since we expect the data to be in a specific format
// we want to be able to handle situations where the input line
// may be malformed. For example, encountering a string where
// a number should be.
employee e;
if(!(inputLine >> e.firstname >> e.lastname >> e.base >> e.sales >> e.years))
{
// ... error parsing input. Report the error
// or handle it in some other way.
continue; // keep going!
}
// Add to the vector
employeeTable.push_back(e);
}
return 0;
}
You can use getline inside your loop to retrieve each line and then use it with a stringstream
Something like:
string line;
while(getline(employees,line))
{
//doSomething
}
If you can't use arrays to store them easily, you can put a counter to know at which line you're at, but this is very repetitive, and the number of lines in your file cannot vary:
string line;
for (int count = 1 ; count <= 3 ; count++)
{
getline(employees,line);
istringstream iss(line);
if (count == 1)
{
iss >> lastname >> firstname >> base >> sales >> years;
}
else if (count == 2)
{
iss >> lastname1 >> firstname1 >> base1 >> sales1 >> years1;
}
else if (count == 3)
{
iss >> lastname2 >> firstname2 >> base2 >> sales2 >> years2;
}
}
Opening and reading a file properly is harder than learning what an array is. If you don't use an array you have to use too many variables to hold all your data, and you have to repeatedly write the code to read from the file, rather than writing it once in a loop.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string firstNames[3];
string lastNames[3];
float heights[3];
float weights[3];
int ages[3];
ifstream infile("data.txt");
if(!infile)
{
cout << "Couldn't open file!" << endl;
return 1;
}
int count = 0;
while (infile >> firstNames[count]
>> lastNames[count]
>> heights[count]
>> weights[count]
>> ages[count] )
{
++count;
}
infile.close();
for (int i = 0; i<count; ++i) {
cout << firstNames[i] << " "
<< lastNames[i] << " "
<< heights[i] << " "
<< weights[i] << " "
<< ages[i] << " " << endl;
}
return 0;
}
--output:--
James John 15 5 1
Douglas Frank 23 8 1
Bnejamin Zach 17 1 4
Compare to this disaster:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string firstName0,firstName1, firstName2;
string lastName0, lastName1, lastName2;
float height0, height1, height2;
float weight0, weight1, weight2;
int age0, age1, age2;
ifstream infile("data.txt");
if(!infile)
{
cout << "Couldn't open file!" << endl;
return 1;
}
infile >> firstName0 >> lastName0 >> height0 >> weight0 >> age0;
infile >> firstName1 >> lastName1 >> height1 >> weight1 >> age1;
infile >> firstName2 >> lastName2 >> height2 >> weight2 >> age2;
infile.close();
cout << firstName0 << " "
<< lastName0 << " "
<< height0 << " "
<< weight0 << " "
<< age0 << endl;
cout << firstName1 << " "
<< lastName1 << " "
<< height1 << " "
<< weight1 << " "
<< age1 << endl;
cout << firstName2 << " "
<< lastName2 << " "
<< height2 << " "
<< weight2 << " "
<< age2 << endl;
return 0;
}
--output:--
James John 15 5 1
Douglas Frank 23 8 1
Bnejamin Zach 17 1 4
Look at all the code you have to repeat.
Note that when you use an array, the variable names become firstNames[0] (v. firstName0), lastNames[0] (v. lastName0), etc., and firstNames[1] (v. firstName1) and lastNames[1] (v. lastName0).