Im having trouble using my make file for a program i am writing in a linux environment. The program is a fern fractal that uses bitmapImage.h and bitmapImage.so given to me by my professor. Whenever i attempt to run the make file i get a long string of errors, the main one being :
make
g++ -c -o fern.o fern.cpp
g++ -c -o fernType.o fernType.cpp
g++ -m32 -o fern fern.o fernType.o bitmapImage.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lm
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crtn.o: No such file or directory
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [spiro] Error 1
my guess is that the bitmapImage.so is designed for a 32 bit system, but my virtual machine ubuntu runs 64-bit. How do i go about fixing this so i can compile my program? Thanks!
EDIT: updated my old post to show the current error i am getting
MakeFile:
# Make file for spirograph program
## note, uses bitmapImage shared object file (library).
OBJS = fern.o fernType.o
CC = g++ -m32
DEPS1 = fernType.h
DEPS2 = bitmapImage.h
all: spiro
spiro: $(OBJS)
$(CC) -m32 -o fern $(OBJS) bitmapImage.so
spiro.o: fern.cpp $(DEPS1)
$(CC) -m32 -c fern.cpp
spiroType.o: fernType.cpp $(DEPS1) $(DEPS2)
$(CC) -m32 -c fernType.cpp
# -----
# clean by removing object files.
clean:
rm $(OBJS)
Add the -m32 option to your compilation lines, that forces everything to be compiled for a 32-bit address space. (It will still run on a 64-bit system.)
Yes, that's exactly the problem -- you can't link a 32-bit object file with a 64-bit object file. You need to either:
Compile on a 32-bit machine (real or virtual),
Ask your professor for a 64-bit library, or
Ask for the source code to the library so you can compile it all yourself
Use file to see if, indeed, the shared lib is 32-bit.
If it is, you'll have to acquire a 64-bit copy of it somehow.
Related
I'm compiling my code using g++ -L/lib64 -I /git/src ... but I get
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lm
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
I checked my /lib64/ and found that these libs are actually present
/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.19
/usr/lib64/libm.so -> ../../lib64/libm.so.6
/usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 -> libgcc_s-4.8.5-20150702.so.1
/usr/lib64/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.17.so
When I try ld -lc --verbose this too fails. All the libs are present in /lib64 and the path is included still g++ fails to locate them. Any Idea what is going on ?
I'm getting following errors after running make command:
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lGLESv2
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lepoxy
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lEGL
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lGLESv2
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lepoxy
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lEGL
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lGLESv2
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lepoxy
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lEGL
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -laio
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcurl
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssh2
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncursesw
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lSDL
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
main/CMakeFiles/esesc.dir/build.make:163: recipe for target 'main/esesc' failed
make[2]: *** [main/esesc] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1041: recipe for target 'main/CMakeFiles/esesc.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [main/CMakeFiles/esesc.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:75: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
I have tried to search online in these links:
ld cannot find an existing library
usr/bin/ld: cannot find -l<nameOfTheLibrary>
Here I see that every library has to be linked symbolically with the existing library but I'm unsure of doing that. Can anyone please suggest me any technique for doing this?
I know locate <library> and ln commands. Now how to eliminate the above errors using this? Can anyone please elaborate on this? Thanks in advance.
it means you didn't install needed dependencies.
did you install at least libs from this manual? https://github.com/masc-ucsc/esesc/blob/master/docs/Usage.md
sudo apt-get install libepoxy0 libepoxy-dev
should remove epoxy warning, for example
Your link command probably needs a -L to precede those -l.
Search your system for those libnames, for example GLESv2.
I use "locate GLESv2". (Note: locate uses what "sudo updatedb" updates)
On my Unbuntu, the following lines are reported by locate.
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLESv2.so
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa-egl/libGLESv2.so
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa-egl/libGLESv2.so.2
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa-egl/libGLESv2.so.2.0.0
For the so (the shared object library) found in the first dir, you might try adding the following to your build command.
-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
And repeat for any library name not yet resolved.
Here is an example from my Makefile - note the relative path to a collection of libraries I wrote in a directory "bag"
R01: dtb_acs.cc
rm -f dtb_acs
g++ -m64 -O3 -ggdb -std=c++14 -Wall-Wextra -Wshadow -Wnon-virtual-dtor
-pedantic -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual -Wconversion -Wpointer-arith -Wunused
-Woverloaded-virtual
-O0 dtb_acs.cc -o dtb_acs
-L../../bag -lbag_i686 -lposix_i686 -lrt -pthread
^^^^^^^^^^^ three -l<libname> are in the -L dir
If needed (because the effort did not resolve anything), try adding -l and a specific library, such as -llibGLESv2.so (or .a, as the case may be)
Good luck.
I have a very similar issue to the one presented in how to dynamically link to local copy of libc.so.6, libstdc++.so.6 on system with old version of gcc and I followed the answer provided there. To summarize, the issue is that I have code written using C++11 and the cluster sysadmin won't upgrade the gcc compiler to a version which supports C++11. I did a manual install of gcc4.9 in my home directory (using --prefix=$HOME). I compile my code with the following flags:
-I/home/stroberg/include -L/home/stroberg/lib -lc -lstdc++ -llapack -lblas -O3 -std=C++11
I also set
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/stroberg/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
The compilation goes fine until it gets to the linking stage, where I get the following errors:
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/stroberg/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
Any ideas what could be causing the problem? I'm also using the armadillo package (also a local version) is that makes any difference.
Thanks.
I got it working, so I figured I should post what I did. Compiling with
-I$(HOME)/include -L$(HOME)/lib -lblas -llapack -lgsl -lglsblas -O3 -std=c++11
seemed to do the trick. Wish I knew exactly what fixed the problem, but I hope this helps.
I am trying to link both 32bit and 64bit .so files at the same time for a c++ program.
I am using 64bit Ubuntu 12.04.1 I also don't have the source files to recompile.
When I run the g++ command:
g++ onlineTraining.cpp -I /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/extern/include/ -L /home/forest/SoarSuite/out/ -L /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86/ -I /home/forest/SoarSuite/out/include -leng -lmat -lmex -lut -lSoar
I get the following output since it doesn't recognize the 32bit .so files:
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86//libeng.so when searching for -leng
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -leng
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86//libmat.so when searching for -lmat
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmat
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86//libmex.so when searching for -lmex
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmex
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86//libut.so when searching for -lut
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lut
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
When I run the g++ command with -m32:
g++ -m32 onlineTraining.cpp -I /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/extern/include/ -L /home/forest/SoarSuite/out/ -L /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a_Student/bin/glnx86/ -I /home/forest/SoarSuite/out/include -leng -lmat -lmex -lut -lSoar
I get the following output since now it doesn't recognize 64bit .so files:
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /home/forest/SoarSuite/out//libSoar.so when searching for -lSoar
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lSoar
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Is it possible to link both of the 34bit and 64bit .so files at the same time?
Thank you.
No, this is not possible. 32-bit libraries can only be linked into a 32-bit executable, and 64-bit libraries can only be linked into a 64-bit executable.
If the Matlab libraries you are trying to link in are only available as 32-bit, you will need to build your application as 32-bit (using -m32) as well, and link in only 32-bit libraries.
I'd suggest making a shell script or make file that runs the two compiler commands.
I'm trying to compile x32 LD_PRELOAD on x64 platform(Ubuntu), my command:
g++ -fPIC -m32 -shared -Wl,-soname,test.so -ldl -o test.so test.cpp
But i'm getting error:
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
How can i fix that?
Thanks!
You need to install 32-bit development packages provided by your distribution. You are seeing this error because you do not have a 32-bit libstdc++ to link against.
Try installing Ubuntu's g++-multilib package.