i ahve a class named FiniteStateMachine declared as below
header file : FiniteStateMachine.h
class FiniteStateMachine
{
public:
//Constructor
FiniteStateMachine();
//Destructor
~FiniteStateMachine();
}
source file : FiniteStateMachine.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Constructor
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
FiniteStateMachine::FiniteStateMachine()
:m_InitialState("")
,m_CurrentState(NULL)
,m_Running(false)
{
RegisterBaseTypes();
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Destructor
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
FiniteStateMachine::~FiniteStateMachine()
{
if (m_Running) Stop();
Clear();
}
and ihave a heade file named FSM that i collect all class of project in it
FSM.H
class ICORE_API FiniteStateMachine;
ok i compile it and now wanna to use this class in another library.
every thing about linking that library has been done.
in the client class when i use FiniteStateMachine with auto_ptr i get linker error :
#include "FSM.H"
std::auto_ptr<FiniteStateMachine > fsm;
error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall IFSM::FiniteStateMachine::~FiniteStateMachine(void)" (??1FiniteStateMachine#IFSM##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: void * __thiscall FSM::FiniteStateMachine::`scalar deleting destructor'(unsigned int)" (??_GFiniteStateMachine#IFSM##QAEPAXI#Z)
but by declaring such as this
#include FSM.h
FiniteStateMachine* fsm;
every thing is ok and project completely compiled.
now i want to know why this happen? what is wrong here.
The std::auto_ptr<> generates the code to call the FiniteStateMachine's destructor and in your case you don't provide it, because you only provide by giving the forward declaration.
Related
All of a sudden, after my tests had been working for hours, I'm getting errors that it can't find my text fixture functions (SetUp/TearDown). I'd had the fixture defined in a separate file, so as a quick fix I moved the class to the test file, but I still get the same problem!
Here's the current file. I didn't just omit the code for brevity, I've tried building it in this form to make sure the problem isn't somehow caused by the code inside the tests. I've left in the includes though.
#include "memory"
#include "../TestUtility/TestUtility.h"
#include "DependencyInjector.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "RecoverableErrorException.h"
namespace Test
{
class DependencyInjectorTest : public testing::Test
{
public:
DependencyInjectorTest();
virtual ~DependencyInjectorTest();
protected:
virtual void SetUp() { Framework::DependencyInjector::Destroy(); };
virtual void TearDown() override;
};
TEST_F ( DependencyInjectorTest, FindEmpty )
{
// content ommitted
}
TEST_F ( DependencyInjectorTest, Add )
{
// content ommitted
}
TEST_F ( DependencyInjectorTest, Find )
{
// content ommitted
}
} // namespace Test
And here are the errors:
1>DependencyInjectorUnitTests.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Test::DependencyInjectorTest::DependencyInjectorTest(void)" (??0DependencyInjectorTest#Test##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall Test::DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test::DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test(void)" (??0DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test#Test##QAE#XZ)
1>DependencyInjectorUnitTests.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall Test::DependencyInjectorTest::~DependencyInjectorTest(void)" (??1DependencyInjectorTest#Test##UAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: virtual __thiscall Test::DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test::~DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test(void)" (??1DependencyInjectorTest_Add_Test#Test##UAE#XZ)
1>DependencyInjectorUnitTests.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "protected: virtual void __thiscall Test::DependencyInjectorTest::TearDown(void)" (?TearDown#DependencyInjectorTest#Test##MAEXXZ)
UPDATE: The errors disappeared at some point. And then a few hours later, just as mysteriously and frustratingly, came back. Even on files I hadn't worked on since it was fine.
You need to define the constructor, destructor and TearDown methods of DependencyInjectorTest. Even if they are virtual, the compiler needs basic methods to initialize the vtable.
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/virtual
By declaring them in the class definition, the macros used them implicitly, and they need to be defined. As they're not, linking results in an undefined symbol error.
You can either remove the declarations or define the functions.
I have a C++ project that won't compile, and the following 2 errors are produced:
Error LNK1120 1 unresolved externals
Error LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __cdecl
StartWindow::~StartWindow(void)" (??1StartWindow##UEAA#XZ) referenced
in function "public: void __cdecl StartWindow::`vbase
destructor'(void)" (??_DStartWindow##QEAAXXZ)
StartWindow is a class I have defined, but currently it is never instantiated or included anywhere in the project. Deleting the class allows the project to compile, but if this class is within the project it won't.
I will include the code for the class in case I am missing something:
.CPP File
#include "StartWindow.h"
StartWindow::StartWindow()
{
setImmediateDrawMode(false);
}
void StartWindow::onDraw()
{
clearScreen(WHITE);
EasyGraphics::onDraw();
}
Header File:
#pragma once
#include "EasyGraphics.h"
class StartWindow : public EasyGraphics
{
public:
StartWindow();
~StartWindow();
private:
virtual void onDraw();
};
Thanks.
You're missing the implementation for the destructor for StartWindow. In your implementation file (.cpp file), append:
StartWindow::~StartWindow(){
//if your destructor is non-trivial, include definition here
}
Here is my simple setup: (i've hidden lots of unneeded information)
//AutoFocusTest.h
#include "camAVTEx.h"
class CAutoFocusTestApp : public CWinApp
{
protected:
camera_t* mCamera;
public:
virtual BOOL InitInstance();
};
//camAVTEx.h
class camera_avtcam_ex_t : public camera_t
{
public:
camera_avtcam_ex_t();
virtual ~camera_avtcam_ex_t();
//member variables
//member function declarations
}
//camAVTEx.cpp
#include "camAVTEx.h"
camera_avtcam_ex_t::camera_avtcam_ex_t()
{
//stuff
}
camera_avtcam_ex_t::~camera_avtcam_ex_t()
{
//stuff
}
//the rest are defined here in my program
//AutoFocusTest.cpp
#include AutoFocusTest.h
BOOL CAutoFocusTestApp::InitInstance()
{
mCamera = new camera_avtcam_ex_t();
}
This setup produces the error:
3>AutoFocusTest.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol
"public: __cdecl camera_avtcam_ex_t::camera_avtcam_ex_t(void)"
(??0camera_avtcam_ex_t##QEAA#XZ)
From everything I've read on this relatively common problem, I have not linked something causing my camera_avtcam_ex_t function definitions to not be found. However, I can't figure out what I could have missed. I have added all of the include directories and library directories, as well as added the library files to the additional dependencies section.
Can anyone spot anything that I might be missing?
Assuming you have defined the constructor for your camera_avtcam_ex_t, it's declared as private, you can't instantiate it.
I'm trying to wrap a unmanaged C++ DLL with managed C++ and I keep getting linking errors.
even though I include my library.lib in the project and include the correct header file.
This is the managed class:
#pragma once
#include "..\Terminal\Terminal.h"
public ref class ManagedTerminal
{
private:
Terminal * m_unTerminal;
public:
ManagedTerminal(void)
{
m_unTerminal = new Terminal();
}
};
and this is the unmanaged class:
#include "..\Core1.h"
#include "..\Core2.h"
__declspec(dllexport) class Terminal
{
private:
CoreObj m_core;
public:
Terminal();
void Init(char* path, char* filename);
void Start();
void Stop();
void Run();
Array<Report> GetSnapshot();
~Terminal(void);
};
and the errors I get are:
Error 5 error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A0000B3) "public: __thiscall Terminal::Terminal(void)" (??0Terminal##$$FQAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: __clrcall ManagedTerminal::ManagedTerminal(void)" (??0ManagedTerminal##$$FQ$AAM#XZ) ManagedTerminal.obj TerminalWrapper
Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Terminal::Terminal(void)" (??0Terminal##$$FQAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: __clrcall ManagedTerminal::ManagedTerminal(void)" (??0ManagedTerminal##$$FQ$AAM#XZ) ManagedTerminal.obj TerminalWrapper
can anybody tell me what's wrong?
thanks :)
You have to match all of the build settings -- specifically the calling conventions (CDECL vs. STDCALL) -- in order to have a successful link.
Since .NET 2.0, you have also had to link to the c-runtime dynamically, so make sure that both the .dll and the managed C++ project do this.
Basically, go into the properties dialog for both projects and make sure that things that affect the call are the same.
I have two classes, one inherited from the other. When I compile, I get the following errors:
Entity.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Base::Base(void)" (??0Base#Parsables#Utility##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Entity::Entity(void)" (??0Entity#Parsables#Utility##QAE#XZ)
Entity.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Base::~Base(void)" (??1Base#Parsables#Utility##UAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: virtual __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Entity::~Entity(void)" (??1Entity#Parsables#Utility##UAE#XZ)
D:\Programming\Projects\Caffeine\Debug\Caffeine.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals
I really can't figure out what's going on.. can anyone see what I'm doing wrong? I'm using Visual C++ Express 2008. Here are the files..
"include/Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp"
#ifndef CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP
#define CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP
namespace Utility
{
namespace Parsables
{
class Base
{
public:
Base( void );
virtual ~Base( void );
};
}
}
#endif //CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP
"src/Utility/Parsables/Base.cpp"
#include "Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp"
namespace Utility
{
namespace Parsables
{
Base::Base( void )
{
}
Base::~Base( void )
{
}
}
}
"include/Utility/Parsables/Entity.hpp"
#ifndef CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP
#define CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP
#include "Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp"
namespace Utility
{
namespace Parsables
{
class Entity : public Base
{
public:
Entity( void );
virtual ~Entity( void );
};
}
}
#endif //CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP
"src/Utility/Parsables/Entity.cpp"
#include "Utility/Parsables/Entity.hpp"
namespace Utility
{
namespace Parsables
{
Entity::Entity( void )
{
}
Entity::~Entity( void )
{
}
}
}
The relevant bit is this:
unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Base::Base(void)"
You need to provide a definition for Base::Base and Base::~Base. A declaration is not good enough. Even if you have nothing to do in either function, you need to leave an empty function body, because C++ actually requires the function to exist. C++ puts things like virtual table maintenance inside your constructors and destructors, so they must be defined even if you don't need to do anything there -- C++ has to do things in there.
Are you sure Base.cpp is being included in the build?
Just encountered this exact same error today in Visual Studio 2015. Unfortunately the accepted answer didn't worked (as well as answers from many same questions). The thing that worked for me was right click on the base class cpp file, exclude and then include it again. I think somehow VS got confused while moving file around and renames and it just silently refused to compile it even though it was marked as "Included In project" = true in property editor as well as listed in vcproj file in group. This is horrible error and ended up spending good hour on it.
Either your base.cpp is not being compiled/linked or you have a misspelling in it