random function in C++ - c++

Is there a function that generates k random numbers within a specified range.
For example I want 5 random numbers between 0 to 100, with or without replacement.

You could use std::generate_n with either rand() or a generator from the new C++11 random number generators.

There is the Boost library, which you can use to generate random numbers, for example.
The following code generates 5 random numbers from [0, 100] with replacement:
#include <vector>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
const int numWantedNumbers = 5;
int main()
{
boost::random::mt19937 generator;
boost::random::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, 100);
std::vector<int> result;
for (int i = 0; i < numWantedNumbers; ++i)
result.push_back(distribution(generator));
}
If you want to generate the numbers without replacement, simply check if they are
still available:
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
const int numWantedNumbers = 5;
int main()
{
boost::random::mt19937 generator;
boost::random::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, 100);
std::vector<int> result;
while (result.size() < numWantedNumbers)
{
int number = distribution(generator);
if (std::find(result.begin(), result.end(), number) == result.end())
result.push_back(number);
}
}
Note: The rejection sampling in the example without replacement has the obvious drawback that longer vectors are quite difficult to create. Just try to draw 99 out
of 100 numbers, to see what I mean (or even better draw 9999 out of 10000). If this
is a problem, I would suggest to create a random permutation of all possible numbers
and then cut the vector at the requested size:
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
const int numWantedNumbers = 5;
int main()
{
boost::random::mt19937 generator;
boost::random::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, 100);
// Generate a vector with all possible numbers and shuffle it.
std::vector<int> result;
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i)
result.push_back(i);
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i)
{
int x = distribution(generator);
std::swap(result[i], result[x]);
}
// Truncate to the requested size.
result.resize(numWantedNumbers);
}
Edit based on suggestion by juanchopanza:
In C++11 manner, the last variant would look like this
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
const int numWantedNumbers = 5;
int main()
{
std::random_device device;
std::mt19937 generator(device());
std::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, 100);
// Generate a vector with all possible numbers and shuffle it.
std::vector<int> result;
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i)
result.push_back(i);
std::random_shuffle(result.begin(), result.end());
// Truncate to the requested size.
result.resize(numWantedNumbers);
}
g++-4.6 compiles it happily, if you add the -std=c++0x switch.
Edit: Make use of std::random_shuffle() (tanks to James Kanze).

Yes there is a rand() function in C++ which can be used including cstdlib header file in your program.
You can implement your program using the following code.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int max {100};
int min {0};
int number;
int count = 5; //assuming that only 10 numbers we need to print
srand(time(0));
for(int i=1;i<=count;i++)
{
number = rand() % (max - min +1) + min;``
cout<<number<<endl;
}
}

Related

srand() is not working when used with non-constant parameter

I've got a problem with srand(). It only works when I use a number as a parameter, for example srand(1234), but when I try to use it with 'n' or with time (as below), then randint() keeps returning the same value.
#include <iostream>
#include <experimental/random>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
srand(time(nullptr));
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
int random = experimental::randint(0, 9);
cout << random;
}
}
Thanks for your time.
The C function srand is meant to be used in combination with the C function rand. These are separate functions from those in C++'s std::experimental header. The randint function from the latter is meant to be used with the reseed function from the same header:
#include <experimental/random>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::experimental::reseed();
for (int i = 4; i--; ) {
int random = std::experimental::randint(0, 9);
std::cout << random << '\n';
}
}
However, there is no need to use experimental features here. Since C++11, there is std::uniform_int_distribution:
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
int main() {
std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 gen(rd());
std::uniform_int_distribution<> distrib(0, 9); // Default type is 'int'
for (int i = 4; i--; ) {
int random = distrib(gen);
std::cout << random << '\n';
}
}
This method is more flexible than the one from the C standard library and should, generally, be preferred in C++.

How to generate different random number for the same variable

I want to use a while loop to generate a random number for a variable to spell out a scrambled word. My problem is that my code generates a number that is random but repeats that number rather than using a new number.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string wordList[5] = {"cool", "friend", "helpful", "amazing",
"person"};
srand(time(0));
int rWord = rand() % 5 + 1;
string randWord = wordList[rWord];
int runs = 0;
int wordLen = randWord.length();
while(runs != wordLen){
int ranLN = rand() % wordLen;
char randLetter = randWord[ranLN];
cout << randLetter;
runs++;
}
return 0;
}
I expected my results to be a fully scrambled word, but I instead got repeated letters. For example, I got the word "friend" scrambled as "eennn".
As suggested in comments, the current range of rWord is 1,2,3,4,5 which must be fixed to 0,1,2,3,4.
Thus I removed +1 from it's initialization equation in the following answer.
In addition, ranLN can be duplicate thus you got repeated letters.
Then, a possible way is recursively shuffling all characters of randWord and output them after the while loop finished as follows.
The same algorithm is shown here as an example:
DEMO
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <utility>
int main()
{
std::string wordList[5] = {"cool", "friend", "helpful", "amazing", "person"};
srand(time(0));
std::size_t rWord = rand() % 5;
std::string randWord = wordList[rWord];
std::size_t runs = 0;
std::size_t wordLen = randWord.length();
while(runs != wordLen)
{
std::swap(randWord[runs], randWord[rand() % wordLen]);
++runs;
}
std::cout << randWord << std::endl;
return 0;
}
BTW, although rand() should be usually implemented by a something better LCG,
but, for instance as noted in (my local) C++ standard draft n4687, the algorithm used in rand() is completely compiler implementation defined:
29.6.9 Low-quality random number generation [c.math.rand]
int rand();
void srand(unsigned int seed);
... rand’s underlying algorithm is unspecified. Use of rand therefore continues to be non-portable, with unpredictable and oft-questionable quality and performance.
Fortunately, in C++11 and over, we can use <random> to generate a guaranteed quality randomness.
Thus I recommend you to use them with std::shuffle as follows.
If you need more high-quality randomness, you can use std::mt19937 instead of std::minstd_rand:
DEMO
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>
int main()
{
std::string wordList[5] = {"cool", "friend", "helpful", "amazing", "person"};
std::minstd_rand gen(std::random_device{}());
std::uniform_int_distribution<std::size_t> dis(0, 4);
std::size_t rWord = dis(gen);
std::string randWord = wordList[rWord];
std::shuffle(randWord.begin(), randWord.end(), gen);
std::cout << randWord << std::endl;
return 0;
}
In my humble opinion after generating all random words then using set data structure would make the random word unique.

generate random numbers and put them in an array

I'm looking to write a little dice game called Farkle (you may know it from Kingdom come delivarance) in C++ but I'm still learning, so I have some trouble with it.
atm I'm trying to roll 6 dice and put every rolled number in an array to be able to work with it afterwards. everything seem to work fine but Visual Studio ist outputting this error Code:
Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'die' was corrupted.
this is my code:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
void dice() {
int die[5];
int i = 1;
while (i <= 6) {
die[i] = rand() % 6 + 1;
cout << die[i];
i++;
}
}
int main()
{
srand(time(NULL));
dice();
system("STOP");
return 0;
}
is ths actually the right approach for this kind of programm?
No, a better way to generate uniformly distributed random numbers would be
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>
std::random_device rd; //Will be used to obtain a seed for the random number engine
std::mt19937 gen(rd()); //Standard mersenne_twister_engine seeded with rd()
std::uniform_int_distribution<> d6(1, 6); // {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} with equal probability
int die[5];
std::generate(die, die + 5, [&gen, &d6](){ return d6(gen); });
If you were generating multiple sets of 5d6, you can re-use the same gen rather than re-initialising it each time
As others pointed out. Your error stems from using a too small array. This post will be more about your code being more like C.
It is more idiomatic in C++ to use std::array instead of raw arrays.
Also it is recommended not to use rand() since it produces bad random numbers and by using the modulo operation you are introducing additional bias to you random numbers. Instead one should use the classes from the <random> header.
To make the code even more readable you could try to use the functions from the <algorithm> to replace you loops by named algorithms.
This leads to following code:
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
void dice() {
std::array<int, 6> die;
std::mt19937 gen{std::random_device{}()};
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dice_roll{1, 6};
std::generate(begin(die), end(die), [&] { return dice_roll(gen); });
std::copy(begin(die), end(die), std::ostream_iterator<int>{std::cout});
}
int main() {
dice();
std::cin.get();
}
You have 2 problems in your code:
The size of your array is 5, but you access 6 indices (1 to 6), you can avoid this by changing the <= to < in the condition.
The indices of an array in C++ start with 0, but you start with 1. You can fix that if you change each die[i] to die[i-1] in your code.
Another approach (fixing both problems) would be to initialize i=0 and go with while (i < 5)
index i should be from 0 to 5, not 1 to 6.
It's obvious that when i = 6, it run out of the range of dice which made an error.
Edit these lines:
int i = 0;
while (i <= 5) {
....
Try this code :
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
void populateArray( int ar[], /*const*/ int n )
{
for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; ++i ) ar[i] = std::rand() % 50 + 1 ;
}
int main()
{
// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/srand
std::srand( std::time(nullptr) ) ; // **** important ****
const int ARRAY_SIZE = 50;
int ar[ARRAY_SIZE] = {0} ;
populateArray( ar, ARRAY_SIZE ) ;
for( int v : ar ) std::cout << v << ' ' ;
}

How can I generate a random number between 5 and 25 in c++ [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Closed 11 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
Generate Random numbers uniformly over entire range
C++ random float
How can I generate a random number between 5 and 25 in c++ ?
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
void main() {
int number;
int randomNum;
srand(time(NULL));
randomNum = rand();
}
Do rand() % 20 and increment it by 5.
In C++11:
#include <random>
std::default_random_engine re;
re.seed(time(NULL)); // or whatever seed
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> uni(5, 25); // 5-25 *inclusive*
int randomNum = uni(re);
Or it could just as well be:
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> d5(1, 5); // 1-5 inclusive
int randomNum = d5(re) + d5(re) + d5(re) + d5(re) + d5(re);
which would give a different distribution on the same range.
The C++ way:
#include <random>
typedef std::mt19937 rng_type; // pick your favourite (i.e. this one)
std::uniform_int_distribution<rng_type::result_type> udist(5, 25);
rng_type rng;
int main()
{
// seed rng first!
rng_type::result_type random_number = udist(rng);
}
#include <cstdlib>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
void main() {
int number;
int randomNum;
srand(time(NULL));
number = rand() % 20;
cout << (number) << endl;
}

Is there a kind of library for inputting values into arrays randomly in C++?

Just like in Java , (Math . random * ) statement is there a way to input array numbers in C++ ?
For example I want to input numbers from 6 to 89 with RANDOM numbers in C++. Assign them into arrays.
I know how to sort the numbers but I would just like to know the method to do random numbers to make my life easier.
I am rusty in programming and I am open to any criticism but I would appreciate a straightforward response.
Use srand to seed the random number generator, then use rand to get a random number.
For example, the following program populates an array with rando values in your requested range:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
int main (void) {
int xyzzy[10];
// Seed the generator.
std::srand (time (0));
// Populate the array.
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(xyzzy) / sizeof(*xyzzy); i++)
xyzzy[i] = 6 + (std::rand() % 84);
// Print the array.
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(xyzzy) / sizeof(*xyzzy); i++)
std::cout << xyzzy[i] << "\n";
return 0;
}
This outputs (in my case):
59
51
84
83
58
85
83
25
50
22
Keep in mind that the properties of those random numbers may not be perfect due to the way they're generated but, unless you're a statistician or cryptographer, they should be fine.
In C++11
#include <random>
int main()
{
int arr[10] = {0};
std::mt19937 generator; // mersenne twister
std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(6, 89);
for(int n=0; n<10; ++n)
{
arr[n] = dist(generator);
}
}
To get a random number from 6 - 89:
srand ( time(NULL) );
int randomNumber = 6 + rand() % (89 - 6 + 1);
#include <random>
#include <array>
#include <functional>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/generate.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
//Create an array
std::array<int, 10> arr;
//Fill the array
std::random_device gen;
boost::generate(
arr,
std::bind(
std::uniform_int_distribution<int>(6,89),
std::ref(gen)));
//Print the generated values
boost::copy(arr, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n"));
}