i transform char* to char**. Each word must fold to array. But fold only first word.
input: "abc def 123"
out (expected): num ==3,arr == {"abc","def","123"}
out(real): num == 1,arr == {"abc"}
struct CommandArray
{
vector<char*> Arr;
USHORT Num;
};
CommandArray Text::StrToArray(LPSTR Str)
{
CommandArray Out;
LPSTR TempStr;
Out.Num = 0;
TempStr = strtok (Str," ");
while(TempStr != NULL)
{
Out.Arr.push_back(TempStr);
Out.Num++;
TempStr = strtok(NULL," ");
}
return Out;
}
strtok modifies its first argument (that's why it is a char* and not a char const*). One guess is that you do the same after the call to Text::StrToArray.
First. Use cin.getline(input,32); to get an input seperated by spaces, cin>>input won't work.
Concerning char* to char**. The code below folds each word into an array.
#include<windows.h>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct CommandArray
{
vector<char*> Arr;
USHORT Num;
};
CommandArray StrToArray(LPSTR Str)
{
CommandArray Out;
LPSTR TempStr;
Out.Num = 0;
TempStr = strtok (Str," ");
while(TempStr != NULL)
{
Out.Arr.push_back(TempStr);
Out.Num++;
TempStr = strtok(NULL," ");
}
return Out;
}
int main()
{
int ROWS=80; //80 characters wide
int COLUMNS=20;// 20 lines
int i;
char seperators[] = " ,\t\n";
char *token;
char* input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray = new char[80];
char **output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray = 0;
//memory allocated for elements of rows.
output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray = new char *[ROWS] ;
//memory allocated for elements of each column.
for( i = 0 ; i < ROWS ; i++ ) output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray[i] = new char[COLUMNS];
strcpy(input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray,"apples 123 oranges 456 bananas 789 lemons 101112" );
//cout<<" \n";
//cin.getline(input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray,32);
cout<<" \ninput = "<<input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray<<" \n\n";
cout<<"Output = \n";
token = strtok( input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray, seperators );
i=0;
while( token != NULL )
{
strcpy(output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray[i],token);
cout<<output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray[i]<<" \n";
token = strtok( NULL, seperators ); // C4996
i++;
}
cout<<" \n";
delete[] input_Dynamic1DCharPointerArray;
//free the allocated memory
for( i = 0 ; i < ROWS ; i++ )
delete [] output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray[i] ;
delete [] output_Dynamic2DCharPointerArray ;
return 0;
}
Related
I have a character array like below:
char array[] = "AAAA... A1... 3. B1.";
How can I split this array by the string "..." in Arduino? I have tried:
ptr = strtok(array, "...");
and the output is the following:
AAAA,
A1,
3,
B1
But I actually want output to be
AAAA,
A1,
3.B1.
How to get this output?
edit:
My full code is this:
char array[] = "AAAA... A1... 3. B1.";
char *strings[10];
char *ptr = NULL;`enter code here`
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
byte index = 0;
ptr = strtok(array, "..."); // takes a list of delimiters
while(ptr != NULL)
{
strings[index] = ptr;
index++;
ptr = strtok(NULL, "..."); // takes a list of delimiters
}
for(int n = 0; n < index; n++)
{
Serial.println(strings[n]);
}
}
The main problem is that strtok does not find a string inside another string. strtok looks for a character in a string. When you give multiple characters to strtok it looks for any of these. Consequently, writing strtok(array, "..."); is exactly the same as writing strtok(array, ".");. That is why you get a split after "3."
There are multiple ways of doing what you want. Below I'll show you an example using strstr. Unlike strtokthe strstr function do find a substring inside a string - just what you are looking for. But.. strstr is not a tokenizer so some extra code is required to print the substrings.
Something like this should do:
int main()
{
char array[] = "AAAA... A1... 3. B1...";
char* ps = array;
char* pf = strstr(ps, "..."); // Find first substring
while(pf)
{
int len = pf - ps; // Number of chars to print
printf("%.*s\n", len, ps);
ps = pf + 3;
pf = strstr(ps, "..."); // Find next substring
}
return 0;
}
You can implement your own split as strtok except the role of the second argument :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char * split(char *str, const char * delim)
{
static char * s;
char * p, * r;
if (str != NULL)
s = str;
p = strstr(s, delim);
if (p == NULL) {
if (*s == 0)
return NULL;
r = s;
s += strlen(s);
return r;
}
r = s;
*p = 0;
s = p + strlen(delim);
return r;
}
int main()
{
char s[] = "AAAA... A1... 3. B1.";
char * p = s;
char * t;
while ((t = split(p, "...")) != NULL) {
printf("'%s'\n", t);
p = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
Compilation and execution:
/tmp % gcc -g -pedantic -Wextra s.c
/tmp % ./a.out
'AAAA'
' A1'
' 3. B1.'
/tmp %
I print between '' to show the return spaces, because I am not sure you want them, so delim is not only ... in that case
Because you tagged this as c++, here is a c++ 'version' of your code:
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
#include <string>
using std::string;
class T965_t
{
string array;
vector<string> strings;
public:
T965_t() : array("AAAA... A1... 3. B1.")
{
strings.reserve(10);
}
~T965_t() = default;
int operator()() { return setup(); } // functor entry
private: // methods
int setup()
{
cout << endl;
const string pat1 ("... ");
string s1 = array; // working copy
size_t indx = s1.find(pat1, 0); // find first ... pattern
// start search at ---------^
do
{
if (string::npos == indx) // pattern not found
{
strings.push_back (s1); // capture 'remainder' of s1
break; // not found, kick out
}
// else
// extract --------vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
strings.push_back (s1.substr(0, indx)); // capture
// capture to vector
indx += pat1.size(); // i.e. 4
s1.erase(0, indx); // erase previous capture
indx = s1.find(pat1, 0); // find next
} while(true);
for(uint n = 0; n < strings.size(); n++)
cout << strings[n] << "\n";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
}; // class T965_t
int main(int , char**) { return T965_t()(); } // call functor
With output:
AAAA
A1
3. B1.
Note: I leave changing "3. B1." to "3.B1.", and adding commas at end of each line (except the last) as an exercise for the OP if required.
I looked for a split function and I didn't find one that meets my requirement, so I made one and it works for me so far, of course in the future I will make some improvements, but it got me out of trouble.
But there is also the strtok function and better use that.
https://www.delftstack.com/es/howto/arduino/arduino-strtok/
I have the split function
Arduino code:
void split(String * vecSplit, int dimArray,String content,char separator){
if(content.length()==0)
return;
content = content + separator;
int countVec = 0;
int posSep = 0;
int posInit = 0;
while(countVec<dimArray){
posSep = content.indexOf(separator,posSep);
if(posSep<0){
return;
}
countVec++;
String splitStr = content.substring(posInit,posSep);
posSep = posSep+1;
posInit = posSep;
vecSplit[countVec] = splitStr;
countVec++;
}
}
Llamada a funcion:
smsContent = "APN:4g.entel;DOMAIN:domolin.com;DELAY_GPS:60";
String vecSplit[10];
split(vecSplit,10,smsContent,';');
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
Serial.println(vecSplit[i]);
}
String input:
APN:4gentel;DOMAIN:domolin.com;DELAY_GPS:60
Output:
APN:4g.entel
DOMAIN:domolin.com
DELAY_GPS:60
RESET:true
enter image description here
I have a program, that asks several strings and should sort them.
My code is:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_STR_LEN 256
int myStrCmp (const void * a, const void * b)
{
return strcmp((const char *)a, (const char *)b);
}
int main(void)
{
int strNum; // expected number of input strings
int strCnt; // counter of strings
char ** storage; // pointr to the memory when strings are stored
char strBuf[ MAX_STR_LEN]; // buffer for strings
char * strPtr;
// input of strings number
do{
printf("How many strings will be entered: ");
while( scanf("%d", &strNum) != 1)
{
printf("ERROR: Not number was entered!\n");
while( getchar() != '\n' );
printf("Please enter a number: ");
}
if( strNum < 2 )
{
printf("ERROR: Number less than 2 was entered!\n");
}
while( getchar() != '\n' );
}
while(strNum < 2);
// allocation of memory for pointers
storage = (char **) calloc(strNum, sizeof(char*) );
if( storage == NULL )
{
printf("ERROR: Unexpected problems with memory allocation!\n");
return 1;
}
// input of strings
for( strCnt = 0; strCnt < strNum; strCnt++)
{
printf("Enter string #%d:\n", strCnt + 1);
fgets(strBuf, MAX_STR_LEN, stdin);
strPtr = strchr(strBuf, '\n');
if( strPtr )
{
*strPtr = '\0';
}
else
{
strBuf[ MAX_STR_LEN - 1] = '\0';
}
// allocation memory for particular string
storage[strCnt] = (char *) malloc(strlen(strBuf) + 1);
if(storage[strCnt] == NULL)
{
printf("ERROR: Unexpected problems with memory allocation!\n");
return 2;
}
// move string to dynamic memory
strcpy(storage[strCnt], strBuf);
}
// sort the strings
qsort(storage, strNum, sizeof(char**), myStrCmp);
// output the result
printf("\nSorted strings:\n");
for( strCnt = 0; strCnt < strNum; strCnt++)
{
printf("%s\n", storage[strCnt]);
}
return 0;
}
The simplest test shows the trouble:
How many strings will be entered: 3
Enter string #1:
ddd
Enter string #2:
aaa
Enter string #3:
ccc
Sorted strings:
ddd
aaa
ccc
I have tryed Visual C++ and gcc, but the result is the same. Please, say me what is wrong in the code?
The problem is in myStrCmp function.
Because a and b are elements in not a simple array, but in array of pointers, their type must be char ** and function that compares two elements have to be as follows:
int myStrCmp (const void * a, const void * b)
{
return strcmp(*(const char **)a, *(const char **)b);
}
I'm trying to build a function that takes in a c-string and a pointer to an array of character pointers and should return the number of tokens found while putting each token into an array of pointers to character pointers. For example if I pass in the string ls -l file, it should put into a an array of c-strings that has each word in a line (args[1] = "I\0", args[2] = "am\0", args[3] = "the\0", args[4] = "test\0", args[5] = "string\0"). Thanks for any help!
Here's what I have so far, but I am getting memory access violations:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int MakeArg(char [], char** []);
int main()
{
char str[] = "I am the test string";
char** argv;
int argc;
argc = MakeArg(str, &argv);
cin.ignore();
cout << "\nPress enter to quit.";
cin.ignore();
return 0;
}
int MakeArg(char s[], char** args[])
{
int word = 1;
for (int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) //iterates through every character in s
{
*args[word][i] = s[i]; //adds each character to word
if (s[i] == ' ') //when a space is found
{
*args[word][i] = '\0'; //it replaces it with a nullbyte in args
word++; //and moves on to the next word
}
}
return word; //returns number of words
}
How can I extract pieces from this string?
I have a file that contains:
0065445 APPLE$456
089464 MANGO$489
0012389 GUAVA$744
What I want to do is input the file line by line, then cut the string into some pieces.
0065455 Will go in a struct a[0].num
APPLE will go in struct a[0].name
456 will go in struct a[0].dollar
And similarly for other lines.
Everything is working fine, but it's not successfully getting the dollar part into its variable.
Here's the code:
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std ;
int main(){
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("input.txt","r");
char str[80] ;
struct abc{
int num;
char name[20];
int dollar;
};
int i = 0;
while(fgets(str,79,fp)!=NULL){
struct abc a[i] ;
sscanf(str,"%d %[^$]s$%d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
cout <<i+1 <<") Number : "<<a[i].num<<" Name : "<< a[i].name <<" Dollar : "<< a[i].dollar << endl ;
i++;
}
return 0 ;
}
/* These didn't work too.
sscanf(str,"%d %[^$]s %d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
sscanf(str,"%d %[^$]s%d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
sscanf(str,"%d %s$%d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
*/
There's 1 more problem: the first part of string is an int that starts with 0, but the zero is not being accepted in the int. How to do it?
This is working as I want now but still after parasing the string into an int I am not getting the zeroes:
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std ;
int main(){
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("input.txt","r");
char str[80] ;
char temp[80] ;
struct abc{
int num;
char name[20];
int dollar;
};
int i = 0;
int j = 0 ;
while(fgets(str,79,fp)!=NULL){
i = 0;
j = 0 ;
struct abc a[i] ;
char* ptr = 0; // this is used as a helper variable to strtok
ptr = strtok(str, " $\n"); // we specify the delimiters here
while (ptr != NULL)
{
if (j == 0){
strcpy(temp, ptr);
a[i].num = atoi(temp);
}
if (j == 1)
strcpy(a[i].name, ptr);
if (j == 2){
strcpy(temp, ptr);
a[i].dollar = atoi(temp);
}
ptr = strtok(NULL, " $\n");
j++;
}
cout <<i+1 <<") Number : "<<a[i].num<<" Name : "<< a[i].name <<" Dollar : "<< a[i].dollar << endl ;
i++;
}
return 0 ;
}
/* These didn't work either.
sscanf(str,"%d %[^$]s %d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
sscanf(str,"%d %[^$]s%d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
sscanf(str,"%d %s$%d\n",&a[i].num,a[i].name,&a[i].dollar);
*/
Based on the C++ tag, I'd do things a little differently. First I'd overload the stream extractor operator for your abc type:
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, abc &a) {
is >> a.num;
std::getline(is, a.name, '$');
return is >> a.dollar;
}
Then you can use that to read in a file of records, such as:
abc temp;
std::vector<abc> a;
std::ifstream in("input.txt");
while (in >> temp)
a.push_back(temp);
Or, you can use an istream_iterator to initialize a vector directly from the stream:
std::vector<abc> a((std::istream_iterator<abc>(in)),
std::istream_iterator<abc>());
The easiest way to keep the leading zeros on the first number is probably to change it from an int to a std::string.
Use strtok:
Here is a simple code (C only) that prints your strings separately (I recommended a similar solution in another post).
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> // for strcpy and strtok
#include <stdlib.h> // for atoi
int main()
{
char input [25] = "0065445 APPLE$4056"; // input string
// storage for the separate parts of the string
char line[10];
char fruit[10];
char number[10];
char* ptr = 0; // this is used as a helper variable to strtok
ptr = strtok(input, " $\n"); // we specify the delimiters here
int i = 0;
// I'm using i here as a control variable so that during each iteration different part
// of the string is saved
while (ptr != NULL)
{
if (i == 0)
strcpy(line, ptr);
if (i == 1)
strcpy(fruit, ptr);
if (i == 2)
strcpy(number, ptr);
ptr = strtok(NULL, " $\n");
i++;
}
printf("%s %s %s\n", line, fruit, number);
return 0;
}
Some sample output:
$ ./a.out
0065445 APPLE 4056
Is this what you need?
the 0's will not show up when you print the integer a[i].num.
You could make a[i].num a string (char[]) or an integer array. to make the 0's show up. you can parse it as an integer (via atoi(str)), if you need it to be used otherwsie.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
struct abc{ int num; std::string name; int dollar; };
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
std::ifstream file("input");
abc st1;
std::string l;
while (file >> st1.num >> l) {
if (size_t p = l.find_first_of('$')) {
st1.name = l.substr(0, p);
std::istringstream(l.substr(p+1)) >> st1.dollar;
std::cout << st1.num << " : "
<< st1.name << " : " << st1.dollar << std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
I have this function sentanceParse with a string input which returns a list. The input might be something like "Hello my name is Anton. What's your name?" and then the return value would be a list containing "Hello my name is Anton" and "What's your name?". However, this is not what happens. It seems as if the whitespaces in the sentences are treated like a separator and therefore the return is rather "Hello", "my", "name" etc instead of what I expected.
How would you propose I solve this?
As I am not a 100% sure the problem does not lie within my code, I will add that to the post as well:
Main:
list<string> mylist = sentanceParse(textCipher);
list<string>::iterator it;
for(it = mylist.begin(); it != mylist.end(); it++){
textCipher = *it;
cout << textCipher << endl; //This prints out the words separately instead of the entire sentances.
sentanceParse:
list<string> sentanceParse(string strParse){
list<string> strList;
int len = strParse.length();
int pos = 0;
int count = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++){
if(strParse.at(i) == '.' || strParse.at(i) == '!' || strParse.at(i) == '?'){
if(i < strParse.length() - 1){
while(i < strParse.length() - 1 && (strParse.at(i+1) == '.' || strParse.at(i+1) == '!' || strParse.at(i+1) == '?')){
if(strParse.at(i+1) == '?'){
strParse.replace(i, 1, "?");
}
strParse.erase(i+1, 1);
len -= 1;
}
}
char strTemp[2000];
int lenTemp = strParse.copy(strTemp, i - pos + 1, pos);
strTemp[lenTemp] = '\0';
std::string strAdd(strTemp);
strList.push_back(strAdd);
pos = i + 1;
count ++;
}
}
if(count == 0){
strList.push_back(strParse);
}
return strList;
}
Your implementation of sentence parse is wrong, here is a simpler correct solution.
std::list<std::string> sentence_parse(const std::string &str){
std::string temp;
std::list<std::string> t;
for(int x=0; x<str.size();++x){
if(str[x]=='.'||str[x]=='!'||str[x]=='?'){
if(temp!="")t.push_back(temp);//Handle special case of input with
//multiple punctuation Ex. Hi!!!!
temp="";
}else temp+=str[x];
}
return t;
}
EDIT:
Here is a full example program using this function. Type some sentences in your console, press enter and it will spit the sentences out with a newline separating them instead of punctuation.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
std::list<std::string> sentence_parse(const std::string &str){
std::string temp;
std::list<std::string> t;
for(int x=0; x<str.size();++x){
if(str[x]=='.'||str[x]=='!'||str[x]=='?'){
if(temp!="")t.push_back(temp);//Handle special case of input with
//multiple punctuation Ex. Hi!!!!
temp="";
}else temp+=str[x];
}
return t;
}
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
std::string s;
while (std::getline(std::cin,s)) {
std::list<std::string> t= sentence_parse(s);
std::list<std::string>::iterator x=t.begin();
while (x!=t.end()) {
std::cout<<*x<<"\n";
++x;
}
}
return 0;
}
// This function should be easy to adapt to any basic libary
// this is in Windows MFC
// pass in a string, a char and a stringarray
// returns an array of strings using char as the separator
void tokenizeString(CString theString, TCHAR theToken, CStringArray *theParameters)
{
CString temp = "";
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < theString.GetLength(); i++ )
{
if (theString.GetAt(i) != theToken)
{
temp += theString.GetAt(i);
}
else
{
theParameters->Add(temp);
temp = "";
}
if(i == theString.GetLength()-1)
theParameters->Add(temp);
}
}