Programmatically getting system boot up time in c++ (windows) - c++

Question

So quite simply, the question is how to get the system boot up time in windows with c/c++.
Searching for this hasn't got me any answer, I have only found a really hacky approach which is reading a file timestamp ( needless to say, I abandoned reading that halfway ).
Another approach that I found was actually reading windows diagnostics logged events? Supposedly that has last boot up time.
Does anyone know how to do this (with hopefully not too many ugly hacks)?

Answer 1

GetTickCount64 "retrieves the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the system was started."
Once you know how long the system has been running, it is simply a matter of subtracting this duration from the current time to determine when it was booted. For example, using the C++11 chrono library (supported by Visual C++ 2012):
auto uptime = std::chrono::milliseconds(GetTickCount64());
auto boot_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now() - uptime;

Answer 2

You can also use WMI to get the precise time of boot. WMI is not for the faint of heart, but it will get you what you are looking for.
The information in question is on the Win32_OperatingSystem object under the LastBootUpTime property. You can examine other properties using WMI Tools.
Edit:
You can also get this information from the command line if you prefer.
wmic OS Get LastBootUpTime
As an example in C# it would look like the following (Using C++ it is rather verbose):
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create a query for OS objects
SelectQuery query = new SelectQuery("Win32_OperatingSystem", "Status=\"OK\"");
// Initialize an object searcher with this query
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(query);
string dtString;
// Get the resulting collection and loop through it
foreach (ManagementObject envVar in searcher.Get())
dtString = envVar["LastBootUpTime"].ToString();
}

Answer 3

The "System Up Time" performance counter on the "System" object is another source. It's available programmatically using the PDH Helper methods. It is, however, not robust to sleep/hibernate cycles so is probably not much better than GetTickCount()/GetTickCount64().
Reading the counter returns a 64-bit FILETIME value, the number of 100-NS ticks since the Windows Epoch (1601-01-01 00:00:00 UTC). You can also see the value the counter returns by reading the WMI table exposing the raw values used to compute this. (Read programmatically using COM, or grab the command line from wmic:)
wmic path Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_System get systemuptime
That query produces 132558992761256000 for me, corresponding to Saturday, January 23, 2021 6:14:36 PM UTC.
You can use the PerfFormattedData equivalent to get a floating point number of seconds, or read that from the command line in wmic or query the counter in PowerShell:
Get-Counter -Counter '\system\system up time'
This returns an uptime of 427.0152 seconds.
I also implemented each of the other 3 answers and have some observations that may help those trying to choose a method.
Using GetTickCount64 and subtracting from current time
The fastest method, clocking in at 0.112 ms.
Does not produce a unique/consistent value at the 100-ns resolution of its arguments, as it is dependent on clock ticks. Returned values are all within 1/64 of a second of each other.
Requires Vista or newer. XP's 32-bit counter rolls over at ~49 days and can't be used for this approach, if your application/library must support older Windows versions
Using WMI query of the LastBootUpTime field of Win32_OperatingSystem
Took 84 ms using COM, 202ms using wmic command line.
Produces a consistent value as a CIM_DATETIME string
WMI class requires Vista or newer.
Reading Event Log
The slowest method, taking 229 ms
Produces a consistent value in units of seconds (Unix time)
Works on Windows 2000 or newer.
As pointed out by Jonathan Gilbert in the comments, is not guaranteed to produce a result.
The methods also produced different timestamps:
UpTime: 1558758098843 = 2019-05-25 04:21:38 UTC (sometimes :37)
WMI: 20190524222528.665400-420 = 2019-05-25 05:25:28 UTC
Event Log: 1558693023 = 2019-05-24 10:17:03 UTC
Conclusion:
The Event Log method is compatible with older Windows versions, produces a consistent timestamp in unix time that's unaffected by sleep/hibernate cycles, but is also the slowest. Given that this is unlikely to be run in a loop it's this may be an acceptable performance impact. However, using this approach still requires handling the situation where the Event log reaches capacity and deletes older messages, potentially using one of the other options as a backup.

Answer 4

C++ Boost used to use WMI LastBootUpTime but switched, in version 1.54, to checking the system event log, and apparently for a good reason:
ABI breaking: Changed bootstamp function in Windows to use EventLog service start time as system bootup time. Previously used LastBootupTime from WMI was unstable with time synchronization and hibernation and unusable in practice. If you really need to obtain pre Boost 1.54 behaviour define BOOST_INTERPROCESS_BOOTSTAMP_IS_LASTBOOTUPTIME from command line or detail/workaround.hpp.
Check out boost/interprocess/detail/win32_api.hpp, around line 2201, the implementation of the function inline bool get_last_bootup_time(std::string &stamp) for an example. (I'm looking at version 1.60, if you want to match line numbers.)
Just in case Boost ever dies somehow and my pointing you to Boost doesn't help (yeah right), the function you'll want is mainly ReadEventLogA and the event ID to look for ("Event Log Started" according to Boost comments) is apparently 6005.

Answer 5

I haven't played with this much, but I personally think the best way is probably going to be to query the start time of the "System" process. On Windows, the kernel allocates a process on startup for its own purposes (surprisingly, a quick Google search doesn't easily uncover what its actual purposes are, though I'm sure the information is out there). This process is called simply "System" in the Task Manager, and always has PID 4 on current Windows versions (apparently NT 4 and Windows 2000 may have used PID 8 for it). This process never exits as long as the system is running, and in my testing behaves like a full-fledged process as far as its metadata is concerned. From my testing, it looks like even non-elevated users can open a handle to PID 4, requesting PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, and the resulting handle can be used with GetProcessTimes, which will fill in the lpCreationTime with the UTC timestamp of the time the process started. As far as I can tell, there isn't any meaningful way in which Windows is running before the System process is running, so this timestamp is pretty much exactly when Windows started up.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
unique_ptr<remove_pointer<HANDLE>::type, decltype(&::CloseHandle)> hProcess(
::OpenProcess(
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION,
FALSE, // bInheritHandle
4), // dwProcessId
::CloseHandle);
FILETIME creationTimeStamp, exitTimeStamp, kernelTimeUsed, userTimeUsed;
FILETIME creationTimeStampLocal;
SYSTEMTIME creationTimeStampSystem;
if (::GetProcessTimes(hProcess.get(), &creationTimeStamp, &exitTimeStamp, &kernelTimeUsed, &userTimeUsed)
&& ::FileTimeToLocalFileTime(&creationTimeStamp, &creationTimeStampLocal)
&& ::FileTimeToSystemTime(&creationTimeStampLocal, &creationTimeStampSystem))
{
__int64 ticks =
((__int64)creationTimeStampLocal.dwHighDateTime) << 32 |
creationTimeStampLocal.dwLowDateTime;
wios saved(NULL);
saved.copyfmt(wcout);
wcout << setfill(L'0')
<< setw(4)
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wYear << L'-'
<< setw(2)
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wMonth << L'-'
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wDay
<< L' '
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wHour << L':'
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wMinute << L':'
<< creationTimeStampSystem.wSecond << L'.'
<< setw(7)
<< (ticks % 10000000)
<< endl;
wcout.copyfmt(saved);
}
}
Comparison for my current boot:
system_clock::now() - milliseconds(GetTickCount64()):
2020-07-18 17:36:41.3284297
2020-07-18 17:36:41.3209437
2020-07-18 17:36:41.3134106
2020-07-18 17:36:41.3225148
2020-07-18 17:36:41.3145312
(result varies from call to call because system_clock::now() and ::GetTickCount64() don't run at exactly the same time and don't have the same precision)
wmic OS Get LastBootUpTime
2020-07-18 17:36:41.512344
Event Log
No result because the event log entry doesn't exist at this time on my system (earliest event is from July 23)
GetProcessTimes on PID 4:
2020-07-18 17:36:48.0424863
It's a few seconds different from the other methods, but I can't think of any way that it is wrong per se, because, if the System process wasn't running yet, was the system actually booted?