I had a problem with an illegal access error and I have removed the default constructor from Player.h as I deduced that the problem was due to it. The problem I am having now is that the Level.cpp wanted a default constructor so I edited the Level.h file as shown. That problem was resolved but now I am not being able to return a pointer to the player. The error 'illegal operation on bound member function' is being shown. Any ideas please? I'm a beginner in C++ and any help would be appreciated.
Player.h:
#ifndef _TAG_PLAYER
#define _TAG_PLAYER
#pragma once
#include "Tile.h"
#include "Point.h"
class CGame;
class CPlayer : public CTile
{
public:
CPlayer(Point pos, CGame* game);
~CPlayer();
char getDisplay() ;
virtual bool canMove(const Direction direction, Point p) ;
virtual void move(const Direction direction, Point p);
bool CheckForHome() ;
};
#endif _TAG_PLAYER
Player.cpp:
#include "Box.h"
#include "Level.h"
#include "Tile.h"
CPlayer::CPlayer(Point pos, CGame* game)
{
this->game=game;
Point p;
p.x=0;
p.y=0;
setPosition(p);
}
CPlayer::~CPlayer()
{
}
bool CPlayer::CheckForHome() {
Point p = getPosition();
bool OnHomeTile;
if(game->getLevel()->getTiles()[p.y][ p.x] == GOAL)
{
OnHomeTile = true;
} else {
OnHomeTile = false;
}
return OnHomeTile;
}
char CPlayer::getDisplay()
{
if (CheckForHome())
{
return SOKOBANONGOAL_CHAR;
}
else
{
return PLAYER_CHAR;
}
}
Level.h:
#pragma once
#include "Point.h"
#include "Tile.h"
#include "Player.h"
#include "Box.h"
#include <list>
#include <string>
class CGame;
class CLevel
{
private:
list<CBox> boxes;
TileType tiles[GRID_HEIGHT][GRID_WIDTH];
CPlayer player(Point p, CGame* game); -> new declaration
//CPlayer player; -> old declaration
protected:
CGame* game;
public:
CLevel();
~CLevel();
CPlayer* getPlayer();
list<CBox>* getBoxes();
TileType (*getTiles())[GRID_WIDTH];
};
Constructor of Level.cpp
CLevel::CLevel()
{
this->game=game;
Point p;
p.x=0;
p.y=0;
player(p,game);
memset(tiles, GROUND, sizeof(TileType)*GRID_HEIGHT*GRID_WIDTH);
}
The function with the error in Level.cpp:
CPlayer* CLevel::getPlayer()
{
return &player;
}
Currently you've declared player as a member function not a member variable, which is why you're getting the weird error message. You can't mix the declaration and the initialisation of member variables like this.
You declaration should just be
CPlayer player;
But your CLevel constructor needs to initialise it, for example like:
CLevel() : player(Point(0, 0), game) { }
The problem with that though is that currently CLevel doesn't have a game to initialise the player with. Perhaps you could pass the game to the constructor of CLevel?
I think you need to read up on constructors and initialisation of members a bit more.
Related
I'm trying to code a simple game, where the main.cpp file instantiates the Game class, and the Game class instantiates the Player class. I want the Player class to have access to the Game class' variables, so I guess the best way to do that is to have the Game class pass itself to the Player class:
game.h
#pragma once
#include <raylib.h>
#include "player.h"
class Game
{
public:
Game();
void run();
private:
void update();
void draw();
Player player;
};
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
Game::Game() : player(this, { 0, 0, 0 })
{
}
void Game::run()
{
const int screenWidth = 800;
const int screenHeight = 450;
InitWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "teste");
SetTargetFPS(60);
while (!WindowShouldClose())
{
update();
draw();
}
CloseWindow();
}
void Game::update()
{
player.update();
}
void Game::draw()
{
BeginDrawing();
ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);
EndDrawing();
}
player.h
#pragma once
#include <raylib.h>
#include "game.h"
class Player
{
public:
Player(Game* game, Vector3 pos);
void update();
void draw();
Game* game;
Vector3 pos;
};
player.cpp
#include "player.h"
Player::Player(Game* game, Vector3 pos)
{
this->game = game;
this->pos = pos;
speed = .1;
}
void Player::update()
{
if (IsKeyDown(KEY_D)) pos.x += 1;
if (IsKeyDown(KEY_A)) pos.x += -1;
if (IsKeyDown(KEY_S)) pos.z += 1;
if (IsKeyDown(KEY_W)) pos.z += -1;
}
void Player::draw()
{
}
The code seems fine to Intellisense, but the compiler just throws a bunch of errors.
I tried passing this as an argument to the Player class constructor, but it didn't work out, as the compiler doesn't accept it.
You have a circular dependency between your header files.
game.h depends on player.h, because the Game::player member is a Player instance, not a Player* pointer or Player& reference, so the complete Player class declaration is needed. This is fine.
However, player.h depends on game.h, but Game hasn't been declared yet (because of the header guard in game.h) when the Player class declaration is compiled.
Since the Player::game member is just a Game* pointer, you can use a forward declaration to break that header dependency, eg:
game.h
#pragma once
//#include <raylib.h> // <-- game.h doesn't use anything from this, so move it to game.cpp
#include "player.h" // <-- needed here because of Game::player
class Game
{
public:
Game();
void run();
private:
void update();
void draw();
Player player;
};
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
#include <raylib.h> // <-- move here
Game::Game() : player(this, { 0, 0, 0 })
{
}
...
player.h
#pragma once
#include <raylib.h> // <-- leave here if it declares Vector3
//#include "game.h" // <-- move to player.cpp
class Game; // <-- use this forward declaration instead
class Player
{
public:
Player(Game* game, Vector3 pos);
void update();
void draw();
Game* game;
Vector3 pos;
};
player.cpp
#include "player.h"
#include "game.h" // <-- move here
Player::Player(Game* game, Vector3 pos)
{
this->game = game;
...
}
...
In short, a header file should #include only the things it actually uses directly. Anything else should be #include'd in the .cpp file instead. But, anything in a header file that is just a pointer or reference can be forward-declared without using an #include. Keep your #includes to a minimum in header files. The compilation process will be cleaner and more efficient because of it.
(I have read all the threads posted here and google, I was not able to fix from that)
I am having toruble with a incomplete type error when compiling. The way I am designing the project, the game pointer is unavoidable.
main.cpp
#include "game.h"
// I actually declare game as a global, and hand itself its pointer (had trouble doing it with "this")
Game game;
Game* gamePtr = &game;
game.init(gamePtr);
game.gamePtr->map->test(); // error here, I also tested the basic test in all other parts of code, always incomplete type.
game.h
#include "map.h"
class Map;
class Game {
private:
Map *map;
Game* gamePtr;
public:
void init(Game* ownPtr);
int getTestInt();
};
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
void Game::init(Game* ownPtr) {
gamePtr = ownPtr;
map = new Map(gamePtr); // acts as "parent" to refer back (is needed.)
}
int Game::getTestInt() {
return 5;
}
map.h
class Game;
class Map {
private:
Game* gamePtr;
public:
int test();
};
map.cpp
#include "map.h"
int Map::test() {
return gamePtr->getTestInt();
}
// returns that class Game is an incomplete type, and cannot figure out how to fix.
Let's go over the errors:
1) In main, this is an error:
game.gamePtr->map->test();
The gamePtr and map are a private members of Game, therefore they cannot be accessed.
2) The Map is missing a constructor that takes a Game* in Game.cpp.
map = new Map(gamePtr);
Here is a full working example that compiles. You have to provide the functions that are missing bodies, such as Map(Game*).
game.h
#ifndef GAME_H_INCLUDED
#define GAME_H_INCLUDED
class Map;
class Game {
private:
Map *map;
public:
Game* gamePtr;
void init(Game* ownPtr);
int getTestInt();
};
#endif
game.cpp
#include "game.h"
#include "map.h"
void Game::init(Game* ownPtr) {
gamePtr = ownPtr;
map = new Map(gamePtr); // acts as "parent" to refer back (is needed.)
}
int Game::getTestInt() {
return 5;
}
map.h
#ifndef MAP_H_INCLUDED
#define MAP_H_INCLUDED
class Game;
class Map {
private:
Game* gamePtr;
public:
int test();
Map(Game*);
};
#endif
map.cpp
#include "game.h"
#include "map.h"
int Map::test() {
return gamePtr->getTestInt();
}
main.cpp
#include "game.h"
#include "map.h"
int main()
{
Game game;
Game* gamePtr = &game;
game.init(gamePtr);
game.gamePtr->map->test();
}
After doing this and creating a project in Visual Studio, I do not get any errors building the application.
Note the usage of #include guards, which your original posted code did not have. I also placed the members that were private and moved them to public in the Game class, so that main() can compile successfully.
You need to use forward declaration. Place declaration of Map class before definition of class Game:
game.h
class Map; // this is forward declaration of class Map. Now you may have pointers of that type
class Game {
private:
Map *map;
Game* gamePtr;
public:
void init(Game* ownPtr);
int getTestInt();
};
Every place where you use Map and Game class by creating instance of it or dereferencing pointer to it either through -> or * you have to make that type "complete". It means that main.cpp must include map.h and map.cpp must include game.h directly or indirectly.
Note you forward declare class Game to avoid game.h to be included by map.h, and that is fine and proper, but map.cpp must have game.h included as you dereference pointer to class Game there.
I am trying to make a little poker game. In the code below I have a Game class and a Player class. The game class contains a std::vector which contains all the players. The Player class has a name attribute. Now my question is the following: how can I access the Player's attribute name through the vector that contains the Player objects? My problem appears in the last method of the code below, called show().
Thanks for helping!
//Player.h
#ifndef PLAYER_H
#define PLAYER_H
#include <iostream>
#include "Card.h"
class Player
{
public:
Player();
Player(std::string n, double chipsQty);
private:
const std::string name;
double chipsAmount;
Card cardOne;
Card cardTwo;
};
#endif PLAYER_H
//Player.cpp
#include "Player.h"
Player::Player(){}
Player::Player(std::string n, double chipsQty) : name(n), chipsAmount(chipsQty)
{}
//Game.h
#ifndef GAME_H
#define GAME_H
#include "Player.h"
#include <vector>
class Game
{
public:
Game();
Game(int nbr, double chipsQty, std::vector<std::string> vectorNames);
void start();
void show();
private:
std::vector<Player> playersVector;
int nbrPlayers;
};
#endif GAME_H
//Game.cpp
#include "Game.h"
#include "Player.h"
Game::Game(){}
Game::Game(int nbr, double chipsQty, std::vector<std::string> vectorNames) :nbrPlayers(nbr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < vectorNames.size(); i++)
{
Player player(vectorNames[i], chipsQty);
playersVector[i] = player;
}
}
void Game::start(){};
void Game::show()
{
for (int i = 0; i < playersVector.size(); i++)
{
std::cout << playersVector[i] //Why can't I do something like playersVector[i].name here?
}
}
Because name attrbute of a Player class is private, so you cannot access it directly from another class. You should add a method to Player class that will return the name of the player, eg:
class Player
{
private:
std::string name;
public:
std::string getName() const { return name; }
};
Then you can access the player name by
playersVector[i].getName()
OK so i have a few problems.
1. I need to be able to register the childclass when its created with game for broadcasting.
2. I need to be able to call the child class's method from an array of GameObject Pointers.
3. I need it to be the actual classes, not just copys of them.
In the file systemvars.h i have my global methods and some variables.
#pragma once
//=================================
// include guard
#ifndef _SYSTEMVARS_H_
#define _SYSTEMVARS_H_
//=================================
// forward declared dependencies
class Game;
//=================================
// included dependencies
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//global enums
const enum CLASSTYPE{CLASSTYPE_NULL,CLASSTYPE_PLAYER,CLASSTYPE_DUNGION,CLASSTYPE_ENTITY,CLASSTYPE_MAP,CLASSTYPE_MENU};
//Global methods
void setGameRefrence(Game*);
Game* getGameRefrence();
systemvars.cpp: definitions
#include "SystemVars.h"
static Game* curentgame;
void setGameRefrence(Game* mygame)
{
curentgame = mygame;
}
Game* getGameRefrence()
{
return curentgame;
}
In my Game.h: a holder for gameobjects
#pragma once
//=================================
// include guard
#ifndef _GAME_H_
#define _GAME_H_
//=================================
// forward declared dependencies
class GameObject;
//class Player;
//=================================
// included dependencies
#include "SystemVars.h"
#include "GameObject.h"
//#include "Player.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//=================================
// the actual class
class Game
{
public:
Game(void);
void registerGameObject(GameObject*);
void unregisterGameObject(GameObject*);
void sendMessageToAllObjects(string message,CLASSTYPE recipeint);
~Game(void);
private:
GameObject *gameobjects2[1000];
int numberofobject;
};
#endif
the game.cpp gameclass definition
#include "Game.h"
//#include "Player.h"
Game::Game(void)
{
setGameRefrence(this);
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,"Registerd game");
numberofobject = 0;
}
void Game::registerGameObject(GameObject* newobj)
{
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,"Registerd");
newobj->setId(numberofobject);
gameobjects2[numberofobject] = newobj;
numberofobject++;
//gameobjects.push_back(newobj);
}
void Game::unregisterGameObject(GameObject* objtodie)
{
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,"Unregister");
for(int i = objtodie->getId();i < numberofobject - 1;i++)
{
gameobjects2[i] = gameobjects2[i+1];
gameobjects2[i]->setId(i);
}
gameobjects2[numberofobject-1] = nullptr;
numberofobject--;
}
void Game::sendMessageToAllObjects(string message,CLASSTYPE recipeint)
{
for(int i = 0; i < numberofobject;i++)
{
cout << "Sent the message from game");
//((Player *)gameobjects2[i])->sendMessage(message);
//static_cast<Player*>(gameobjects2[i])->sendMessage(message);
}
}
Game::~Game(void)
{
}
Gameobject.h: the parent of my inner game classes.
#pragma once
//=================================
// include guard
#ifndef _GAMEOBJECT_H_
#define _GAMEOBJECT_H_
//=================================
// forward declared dependencies
enum CLASSTYPE;
//=================================
// included dependencies
#include <iostream>
#include "SystemVars.h"
using namespace std;
//=================================
// the actual class
class GameObject
{
public:
GameObject();
GameObject(CLASSTYPE mytype);
~GameObject(void);
virtual void sendMessage(string data);
virtual CLASSTYPE getMyClassType();
virtual void setMyClassType(CLASSTYPE newrecip);
void setId(int val);
int getId();
protected:
CLASSTYPE _MYCURRENTCLASSTYPE;
int myid;
};
#endif
Gameobject.cpp
#include "GameObject.h"
GameObject::GameObject() : _MYCURRENTCLASSTYPE(CLASSTYPE_NULL)
{
//do not register
}
GameObject::GameObject(CLASSTYPE mytype): _MYCURRENTCLASSTYPE(mytype)
{
//register this object into the gameobject list.
getGameRefrence()->registerGameObject(this);
}
GameObject::~GameObject(void)
{
getGameRefrence()->unregisterGameObject(this);
}
void GameObject::sendMessage(string data)
{
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,"Recived te message in GameObject");
cout << "Recived te message in GameObject";
}
CLASSTYPE GameObject::getMyClassType()
{
return _MYCURRENTCLASSTYPE;
}
void GameObject::setMyClassType(CLASSTYPE newrecip)
{
}
void GameObject::setId(int val)
{
myid = val;
}
int GameObject::getId()
{
return myid;
}
Player.h:
pragma once
//=================================
// include guard
#ifndef _PLAYER_H_
#define _PLAYER_H_
//=================================
// forward declared dependencies
//=================================
// included dependencies
#include "SystemVars.h"
#include "GameObject.h"
//=================================
// the actual class
class Player : public GameObject
{
public:
Player();
void sendMessage(string data) override;
void test();
}
Player.cpp:
Player::Player() : GameObject(CLASSTYPE_PLAYER)
{
}
void Player::sendMessage(string data)
{
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,"Recived the message in Player");
cout << "Recived the message in Player";
//logHelperMessage(INFO,1,data.c_str());
cout << data;
}
void Player::test()
{
cout << "Sent message";
getGameRefrence()->sendMessageToAllObjects("Test",CLASSTYPE_PLAYER);
}
main.cpp
#pragma once
#include "SystemVars.cpp"
#include "Player.h"
#include "Game.h"
Game mygame;
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
setGameRefrence(&mygame);
Player newplayer = Player();
newplayer.test();
}
Now that that is all out of the way.
The expected output is:
Sent message
Sent message from game
Recived message in Player
but insted i get:
Sent message
Sent message from game
Recived message in Gameobject
Im pretty sure i have a sliceing problem, but im not sure what to do about it, or where it is.
So, any ideas gents?
ALso, i tried to cut back the classes a bit so im not posting 2000~ lines of code. So if anyhting missing let me know.
About a dozen classes inherit from gameobject. and i need them all to talk to eachother in one way or another.
Just by having CLASSTYPE_PLAYER, etc. makes me concerned that you're trying to subvert/reinvent C++ OOP. You already have the concept of 'class' in the language, why re-invent it? Forgive me if I'm wrong. Aside from this, I suggest you look up publisher-subscriber frameworks to do the kind of thing you're after, or implement your own. I'm sure somebody will answer your C++ issue more directly.
Edit: tone of first comment.
I have 3 classes namely Board, Game, and AI
i want to have the object chessBoard of Board class to be use by Game and AI, and also by the Board Class. I want them to access that single chessBoard object (sharing)
problem is, it gives me the infamous fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found. Also, there are Board.h,Game.h and AI.h (only declarations in them), and i also have their corresponding .cpp files. Each .h files have guards included (#ifndef _XXXXXX_H_)
I tried to include Board chessBoard inside Board.h file (just below the class), and it seems guards are not working.
Error 7 error LNK2005: "class Board chessBoard" (?chessBoard##3VBoard##A) already defined in AI.obj C:\Users\xxxx\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CHESSv3\CHESSv3\Board.obj CHESSv3
Error 8 error LNK2005: "class Board chessBoard" (?chessBoard##3VBoard##A) already defined in AI.obj C:\Users\xxxxx\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CHESSv3\CHESSv3\Game.obj CHESSv3
Error 9 error LNK2005: "class Board chessBoard" (?chessBoard##3VBoard##A) already defined in AI.obj C:\Users\xxxxx\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CHESSv3\CHESSv3\ProgramEntryPoint.obj CHESSv3
AI.h
#ifndef _AI_H_
#define _AI_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct node {
string position;
string nextPosition;
float score;
int level;
float totalscore;
node* up;
node* right;
node* left;
bool approved;
string move;
};
class AI {
private:
//string board;
//string board[8][8];
int score1;
int maxscore;
int totalscore;
public:
void GetBoard(string[][8]);
void AnalyzeMyPositions();
void ExecuteAdvanceHeuristicMove();
};
#endif
Game.h
#ifndef _GAME_H_
#define _GAME_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Game {
public:
char WhosTurn();
bool Playable();
bool GetMoveFromPlayer();
void TurnOver();
Game();
private:
char turn;
};
#endif
Board.h
#ifndef _BOARD_H_
#define _BOARD_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Board {
public:
bool SquareChecker(string);
bool MoveChecker(string);
Board();
void PrintBoard();
int Execute(string);
void UnExecute();
string CB[8][8];
private:
char turn;
vector<string> BoardRecord;
stack<string> CBR;
//string CB[8][8];
};
Board chessBoard;
#endif
If you really want to do this, you need to make the declaration of the object extern in the header Board.h:
extern Board chessBoard;
You then provide a declaration in Board.cpp:
Board chessBoard;
Much better, though would be to create it in enclosing code and pass it (by reference) to the constructors of the other classes.
What you are looking for is the Singleton design pattern which can achieved in the following way:
// Board.h
class Board {
private:
static instance_;
public:
static Board *instance();
}
// Board.cpp
Board *Board::instance_ = NULL;
Board *Board::instance() {
if (!instance_)
instance_ = new Board();
return instance_;
}
Mind that this pattern can either be seen as good or bad, if you don't like using it you should consider passing the reference of an instantiated Board class to all the requiring ones and keep it stored in each object as an instance variable. Something like:
Game::Game() {
this->board = new Board();
this->ai = new AI(board);
// or better this->ai = new AI(this) so AI can access all game methods
}
Your problem could be that there could be 3 different chessBoard definitions because you might be adding 3 different #include "Board.h". Please make only a single object at a place where you have more control rather than creating it globally inside Board.h
Did you try it like this? Include the necessary include declarations only in the .cpp files.
//Board.h
class Board {};
//Game.h
class Board;
class Game {
Board* myBoard;
public:
void setBoard(Board*);
};
//AI.h
class Board;
class AI {
Board* myBoard;
public:
void setBoard(Board*);
};
void main() {
Board chessBoard;
Game g;
g.setBoard(&chessBoard);
AI ai;
ai.setBoard(&chessBoard);
}