I am working though some simple DX tutorials, and have hit an early snag. I am working on both an old laptop and a new PC, so I'm using d3d10_1.lib which lets me use a 9 feature set. The PC, however, does support all the way to DX11, so nothing should be a problem on there.
So here's the function where it fails:
bool DirectX9Renderer::Initialise(HWND* handle)
{
//window handle
hWnd = handle;
//get window dimensions
RECT rc;
GetClientRect( *hWnd, &rc );
UINT width = rc.right - rc.left;
UINT height = rc.bottom - rc.top;
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(swapChainDesc));
//set buffer dimensions and format
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 2;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = width;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = height;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;;
//set refresh rate
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
//sampling settings
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
//output window handle
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = *hWnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = true;
HRESULT result = D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain1( // this is line 57
NULL,
D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_SINGLETHREADED | D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG,
D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1,
D3D10_1_SDK_VERSION,
&swapChainDesc,
&pSwapChain,
&pD3DDevice
);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return FatalError("D3D device creation failed");
}
// there's more stuff after this, but I don't get that far
}
So the call to D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain1 fails with the less-helpful error code E_FAIL.
There is a line in the Debug output too:
First-chance exception at 0x770f56c4 in TileTest.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: _com_error at memory location 0x00b6e8d4..
I have tried using D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE and different D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_xx values, but it doesn't seem to work.
I think the problem may have been to do with the D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_FLAG I sent in. I changed the D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_SINGLETHREADED | D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG to 0 and it now works.
I tried to create the device inside a VMware virtual machine. It failed (device stayed NULL) until I changed the requested FEATURE_LEVEL from D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1 to D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3. I've heard this also helps other PCs with real hardware.
Related
So i wanna draw an overlay over another window, but im getting no real runtime error the visual Studio debugging tools tell me that the result of
HRESULT res = object->CreateDeviceEx(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWND, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, ¶ms, NULL, &device);
is 0x8876086c. So here are the snippets of my code that are important and lead to this error(D3DERR_INVALIDCALL), which leads to the device being a nullpointer, which means i can't do anything with it.
I couldn't really figure out what led to this as i pretty much followed the documentation
int Paint::init(HWND hWND) {
if (FAILED(Direct3DCreate9Ex(D3D_SDK_VERSION, &object))) {
exit(1);
}
ZeroMemory(¶ms, sizeof(params));
params.BackBufferWidth = width;
params.BackBufferHeight = height;
params.Windowed = true;
params.hDeviceWindow = hWND;
params.MultiSampleQuality = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
params.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
params.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
params.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
HRESULT res = object->CreateDeviceEx(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWND, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, ¶ms, NULL, &device);
and in the header file:
class Paint {
private:
IDirect3D9Ex* object = NULL;
IDirect3DDevice9Ex* device = NULL;
DWORD behaviorFlags = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS params;
ID3DXFont* font = 0;
HWND TargetHWND;
int width, height;
int init(HWND(hWND));
}
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS params = {};
// Use Win32 BOOL "TRUE" instead of C++ "true"
params.Windowed = TRUE;
params.hDeviceWindow = m_window;
// params.BackBufferWidth, BackBufferHeight are ignored for Windowed = TRUE
// For Windowed = TRUE, use params.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN, which is zero.
// For params.BackBufferCount zero is assumed to be 1, but best practice
// would be to set it
params.BackBufferCount = 1;
// You used D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE for the MultiSampleQuality instead of MultiSampleType.
// It's all zero anyhow.
params.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
params.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
// --->>> This is the actual bug: there is no valid SwapEffect that has a value of zero <<<---
params.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
You are making the assumption that the Direct3D9 device supports D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, but you haven't validated it actually supports it. That said, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING has known performance issues on Windows 10 so you should probably just require HW anyhow.
You should not be using legacy Direct3D9 or Direct3D9Ex for new projects. It's mostly emulated on newer versions of Windows, has lots of strange behaviors, and is almost 20 years old at this point. There's no support for the Direct3D 9 debug device on Windows 8.x or Windows 10. You should consider Direct3D 11 as a much better starting place for developers new to DirectX.
I'm trying to work with both Direct2D and Direct3D. Right now, I'm having Direct2D draw content to a separate Device Context (with an HDC) and then copy the contents of that Device Context into my window. I could show the code I use to set that up in an edit to this post if requested, but before Direct3D gets involved, that part works.
Here is a simplified version of the Window Drawing code I use.
if (d3dEngine.Get()) // Object used to hold Direct3D Resources (.Get() returns a pointer for a null check)
{
// d3dEngine->PrepareScene(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Wheat));
}
// Drawing Board holds the Direct 2D Render Target
drawingBoard->GetRenderer()->BeginDraw();
drawingBoard->GetRenderer()->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f));
mainPage->Draw(); // Main Page Holds various objects that draw to Direct2D
if (d3dEngine.Get())
d3dEngine->FinalizeScene();
drawingBoard->GetRenderer()->EndDraw();
// Get the Secondary Device Context that Direct2D draws to
HDC dc = drawingBoard->GetDc();
RECT r{ 0,0,0,0 };
int err = 0;
// Retrieve the Rectangle for the window (currentWindow is the window handle used)
if(!GetClientRect(currentWindow, &r))
err = GetLastError();
// Use the BitBlt function to copy Direct2D content into a window
if (!BitBlt(GetDC(currentWindow), r.left, r.top, r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY))
err = GetLastError();
Before any Direct3D resources are created (and the d3dEngine.Get() call returns null), this code runs to my satisfaction.
However, following the creation of Direct3D resources, the code fails:
RECT r{ 0,0,0,0 };
int err = 0;
// Retrieve the Rectangle for the window (currentWindow is the window handle used)
if(!GetClientRect(currentWindow, &r))
err = GetLastError();
The window handle currentWindow becomes invalid as GetLastError() returns 1400 after the call to GetClientRect. I suspect that the Swap Chain in Direct3D 11 may play a role due to the following code used to activate Direct3D.
GetClientRect(window, &Location);
unsigned int width = Location.right - Location.left,
height = Location.bottom - Location.top;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE dTypes[] =
{
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE//, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP
};
int tTypes = ARRAYSIZE(dTypes);
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL dLevels[] =
{
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0
};
int tLevels = ARRAYSIZE(dLevels);
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDescription;
// Initialize the swap cahin
swapChainDescription.BufferCount = 2;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.Width = Location.right - Location.left;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.Height = Location.bottom - Location.top;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 30;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
swapChainDescription.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDescription.OutputWindow = window;
swapChainDescription.Windowed = true;
swapChainDescription.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDescription.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
swapChainDescription.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
swapChainDescription.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_GDI_COMPATIBLE;
swapChainDescription.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD;// DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
unsigned int flags = D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT;
/// Other initialization Code
HRESULT results = 0;
// Initialize ID3D11Device "graphicsDevice"
IDXGISwapChain* sc = nullptr;
results = dxFact->CreateSwapChain(graphicsDevice, &swapChainDescription, &sc);
This code is in a different class than the Window drawing code towards the beginning.
The window variable in the Direct3D code holds the same value that currentWindow holds in the Window Code.
Is there anyone who could provide insight as to what is going on and why the window handle stops working? And perhaps suggest a workaround?
While I'm still unsure why the window handle seemed to be useless when I checked, I was able to develop a workaround.
Basically, I have my Window class hold a RECT indicating the size of the Window and I use that instead of getting the RECT from the Window every time.
RECT r{ 0,0,0,0 };
int err = 0;
// Retrieve the Rectangle for the window (currentWindow is the window handle used)
if(!GetClientRect(currentWindow, &r))
err = GetLastError();
// Use the BitBlt function to copy Direct2D content into a window
if (!BitBlt(GetDC(currentWindow), r.left, r.top, r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY))
err = GetLastError();
// Now, it uses a 'size' attribute
int err = 0;
if (!BitBlt(GetTWindowDc(), size.left, size.top, size.right - size.left, size.bottom - size.top, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY))
err = GetLastError();
When it comes to getting the Window Device Context, the new GetTWindowDc() method takes care of that:
if (d3dEngine.Get())
return d3dEngine->GetDC();
return GetDC(currentWindow);
Basically, if Direct3D is activated, the 3D manager object (which holds a DXGISurface) retrieves the HDC from Direct3D to use.
HDC TWindowEngine::GetDC()
{
if (!surface.Get()) // My Unique Smart pointer to a DXGISurface1 object
return 0;
HDC dc;
assert(SUCCEEDED(surface->GetDC(FALSE, &dc)));
return dc;
}
According to Surface-GetDc Documentation, you need to call the corresponding ReleaseDc on the DXGISurface1 object. So this is how I do it.
In the Window Draw code:
if (!BitBlt(GetTWindowDc(), size.left, size.top, size.right - size.left, size.bottom - size.top, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY))
err = GetLastError();
FlushDc();
Here is the FlushDc method:
void TWindow::FlushDc()
{
if (d3dEngine.Get())
d3dEngine->ClearDC();
}
And the ClearDC method is impelented.
void TWindowEngine::ClearDC()
{
if (surface.Get())
surface->ReleaseDC(nullptr);
}
Whenever my Direct3D 11 application switches from fullscreen to windowed mode, IDXGISwapChain::ResizeBuffers triggers a breakpoint. In Visual Studio's console, the message "Critical error 0xc0000374" is printed, with no other information. Apparently this means a heap corruption has occurred. Okay then. I can't get any more information about why this occurred because the window obnoxiously obscures my view and prevents me from controlling the visual studio window.
I'm following the suggestions made on this MSDN page. By that I mean I copied and pasted the code.
This is my setup code (ignore the lack of error checking):
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swap_chain_desc = { 0 };
swap_chain_desc.BufferCount = 2;
swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
swap_chain_desc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swap_chain_desc.OutputWindow = window::get();
swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swap_chain_desc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
swap_chain_desc.Windowed = TRUE;
swap_chain_desc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
if (fullscreen == 1) {
swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Width = window::desktop_width();
swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Height = window::desktop_height();
} else {
swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Width = window::width();
swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Height = window::height();
}
HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain (
NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&swap_chain_desc,
&m_swap_chain,
&m_device,
NULL,
&m_context
);
ID3D11Texture2D* back_buffer;
hr = m_swap_chain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&back_buffer);
hr = m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(back_buffer, NULL, &m_view);
back_buffer->Release();
m_context->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &m_view, NULL);
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport = { 0 };
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
if (fullscreen == 1) {
viewport.Width = window::desktop_width();
viewport.Height = window::desktop_height();
} else {
viewport.Width = window::width();
viewport.Height = window::height();
}
m_context->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
if (fullscreen == 1) {
m_swap_chain->SetFullscreenState(TRUE, NULL);
}
Is there anything there that might have caused this problem? The rendering code is just a ClearRenderTargetView and Present after a PeekMessage loop, nothing important.
This issue was fixed by showing the window before setting the swap chain's fullscreen state. Either call UpdateWindow(hwnd) and ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW) or set the window style to WS_VISIBLE when calling CreateWindow() or CreateWindowEx(), preferably before doing anything DirectX related.
Sometimes, not all the time... when creating a D3D device, I get the error code D3DERR_DRIVERINVALIDCAL and then other times I get S_OK.
I've been stuck on this issue for the past 3 days, going on number 4.
Looking at the documentation on this error code, it describes it as not used, which is very confusing.
Can anybody shed some light?
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
HWND hwnd = NULL;
HMONITOR hMonitor = NULL;
UINT uAdapterID = D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT;
DWORD vp = 0;
D3DCAPS9 ddCaps;
ZeroMemory(&ddCaps, sizeof(ddCaps));
IDirect3DDevice9* pDevice = NULL;
// Hold the lock because we might be discarding an exisiting device.
AutoLock lock(m_ObjectLock);
if (!m_pD3D9 || !m_pDeviceManager)
{
return MF_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
}
hwnd = GetDesktopWindow();
// Note: The presenter creates additional swap chains to present the
// video frames. Therefore, it does not use the device's implicit
// swap chain, so the size of the back buffer here is 1 x 1.
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pp;
ZeroMemory(&pp, sizeof(pp));
pp.BackBufferWidth = 1;
pp.BackBufferHeight = 1;
pp.Windowed = TRUE;
pp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_COPY;
pp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
pp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd;
pp.Flags = D3DPRESENTFLAG_VIDEO;
pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT;
// Find the monitor for this window.
if (m_hwnd)
{
hMonitor = MonitorFromWindow(m_hwnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);
// Find the corresponding adapter.
CHECK_HR(hr = FindAdapter(m_pD3D9, hMonitor, &uAdapterID));
}
// Get the device caps for this adapter.
CHECK_HR(hr = m_pD3D9->GetDeviceCaps(uAdapterID, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &ddCaps));
if(ddCaps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
{
vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
}
else
{
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
}
IDirect3DDevice9Ex * pDeviceEx;
// Create the device.
CHECK_HR(hr = m_pD3D9->CreateDeviceEx(uAdapterID,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
pp.hDeviceWindow,
vp | D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES | D3DCREATE_MULTITHREADED | D3DCREATE_FPU_PRESERVE,
&pp,
NULL,
&pDeviceEx));
UPDATE
wrapping CreateDeviceEx in a while loop until it does equal S_OK will eventually work... but what can cause this to happen in the first place?
I'm creating a hidden window and I'm looking to getting a pointer to IDXGISwapChain::Present(). The problem is that I can't get a valid Direct3D10 device, nor a valid swap chain.
HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(TEXT("flhiSTATIC"), TEXT("flh DXGI Window"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 640, 480, 0, NULL, NULL, 0);
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd;
ZeroMemory(&scd, sizeof(scd));
scd.BufferCount = 2;
RECT rcWnd;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rcWnd);
scd.BufferDesc.Width = rcWnd.right - rcWnd.left;
scd.BufferDesc.Height = rcWnd.bottom - rcWnd.top;
scd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; // also tried DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB
scd.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
scd.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_CENTERED;
scd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
scd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
scd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
scd.OutputWindow = hwnd;
scd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
scd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
scd.Windowed = TRUE;
scd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
pD3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain = reinterpret_cast<D3D10CREATEDEVICEANDSWAPCHAIN_PROC *>(GetProcAddress(d3d10, "D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain"));
HRESULT hr = pD3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL /*pAdapter*/, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG, D3D10_SDK_VERSION, &scd, &pSwapChain, &pDev);
// this guy always fails with 0 in both pSwapChain and pDev...
Any idea what might be wrong with the above code?
I completely forgot about the need to create or assign a pre-existing window class :(
That was the problem; lesson learned - always check the return codes of all the calls.
edit
I completely forgot to call CreateWindow with a valid window class, either one I'd previously registered or one that's registered by someone within the current module.