I am trying to execute the code inside of a .h File by creating an object.. What am I doing wrong?
//TicketFineCalculator.h
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class TicketFineCalculator
{
public:
int getFine() {
int procFee, zone, speedLimit, actualSpeed, totalFine;
int anotherRun = 1;
while (anotherRun == 1){
cout << "\n-------------------------------";
cout << "\nSpeeding Ticket Fine Calculator";
cout << "\n-------------------------------";
cout << "\nEnter processing fee, in dollars:";
cin >> procFee;
cout << "\nSpeeding Ticket #1";
cout << "\nEnter the type of speeding offense (1 for regular, 2 for work zone, 3 for residential district):";
cin >> zone;
cout << "\nEnter the speed limit, in miles per hour:";
cin >> speedLimit;
cout << "\nEnter the vehicle's speed, in miles per hour:";
cin >> actualSpeed;
cout << "\nThe total fine is:" << totalFine;
cout << "\nEnter 1 to enter process another speeding ticket or 0 to quit:";
cin >> anotherRun;
} // terminates while loop
return totalFine;
}
// Calculate the total fine given the road zone, speed limit, and the vehicle's actual speed.
// Return the fine as an integer.
};
//Project1.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "TicketFineCalculator.h"
int totalFine;
TicketFineCalculator::getFine(totalFine);
int main(){
cout << totalFine;
return 0;
} //terminates main
If you want to call the getFine() method within TicketFineCalculator, you must declare the method static as in:
class TicketFineCalculator
{
public:
static getFine()
{
}
};
or you must create an instance of TicketFineCalculator and call the method using that instance.
Related
I am trying to do some stuff with C++ and i am new in it :)
I have tried 1 program of class that gets the student details and print the output of it.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 10
class student
{
private:
char name[30];
int rollNo;
int total;
float perc;
public:
//member function to get student's details
void getDetails(void);
//member function to print student's details
void putDetails(void);
};
//member function definition, outside of the class
void student::getDetails(void){
cout << "Enter name: " ;
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter roll number: ";
cin >> rollNo;
cout << "Enter total marks outof 500: ";
cin >> total;
perc=(float)total/500*100;
}
//member function definition, outside of the class
void student::putDetails(void) {
cout << "Student details:\n";
cout << "Name:"<< name << ",Roll Number:" << rollNo << ",Total:" << total << ",Percentage:" << perc;
}
int main()
{
student std[MAX]; //array of objects creation
int n,loop;
cout << "Enter total number of students: ";
cin >> n;
for(loop=0;loop< n; loop++){
cout << "Enter details of student " << loop+1 << ":\n";
std[loop].getDetails();
}
cout << endl;
for(loop=0;loop< n; loop++) {
cout << "Details of student " << (loop+1) << ":\n";
std[loop].putDetails();
}
return 0;
}
Its very basic code and works fine and I am able to give inputs and print the output.
Now I want to add new Student object at runtime using Dynamic memory allocation and want to add that object in the existing array of object (So that I can get the highest, lowest marks of any student)
I know I need to use new operator for this.
But I am not sure what could be the best way to write this solution.
Any help will be highly appreciated.
Thanks!
IMO, The best way to do this using dynamic memory is by using std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr (it actually depends on the requirement).
Here is one example of usage of unique_ptr:
using StudentPtr = std::unique_ptr<student>;
int main() {
std::vector<StudentPtr> studentDetails;
int n;
cout << "Enter the number of students: ";
cin >> n;
studentDetails.resize(n);
for (auto &s: studentDetails) {
s = StudentPtr(new student);
s->getDetails();
}
return 0;
}
For getting minimum and maximum, you may use min_element and max_element provided by STL respectively.
I am new to programming and I have started with C++. At this point I am experimenting with classes and objects.
My problem is that I am not able to get the correct result in what I want.
Here is my code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Variable
{
public:
int classAnum;
int classBnum;
void sumVar(){
cout << classAnum + classBnum <<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Variable numA;
Variable numB;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> numA.classAnum;
cout << "Enter another number: ";
cin >> numB.classBnum;
numA,numB.sumVar();
return 0;
}
The output that I am being given is:
Enter a number: (any number)
Enrer another number: (any number)
1955294086
I get this output with any number I enter.
But if I use this code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Variable
{
public:
int classAnum;
int classBnum;
void sumVar(){
cout << classAnum + classBnum <<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Variable numA;
Variable numB;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> numA.classAnum;
cout << "Enter another number: ";
cin >> numB.classBnum;
cout << numA.classAnum + numB.classBnum;
return 0;
}
I get a correct result. Can someone explain me if I am able to use two objects in the same function? And if I can, how should it be?
If you'd like to input two numbers into Variable class instance and then call the function sumVar() to print the sum of the two numbers, you can do this:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Variable
{
public:
int classAnum;
int classBnum;
void sumVar(){
cout << classAnum + classBnum <<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Variable num;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num.classAnum;
cout << "Enter another number: ";
cin >> num.classBnum;
num.sumVar();
return 0;
}
Seeing your code, it looks like you want to find the sum of two numbers which are members of your class. you don't need to instantiate 2 objects for that, you can accomplish it by instantiating only one object, and initialize the properties this way:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Variable
{
public:
int number1;
int number2;
void sumVar(){
cout << number1 + number2 <<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Variable object;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> object.number1;
cout << "Enter another number: ";
cin >> object.number2;
object.sumVar();
return 0;
}
This way you can easily sum up members of your class.
in the future, if you want to add two objects of your own classes, you may need to use operator overloading concept that you can find on several tutorial online.
Good Luck !
So I put a while loop in my header file and I wanted to connect it to my main.cpp but then my main.cpp is not playing it unless it is stated like in my header file. So I'm wondering if a while loop in the header even necessary? The assignment is to create a program that calculates the user's salary given her sales.
This is my header file:
class Salary
{
public:
Salary(){};
Salary(double employeeSales, double employeeSalary)
:sales{employeeSales},salary(employeeSalary)
{
while(employeeSales != -1)
{
salary = 200 + (.09 * sales);
}
}
void setSales(double employeeSales)
{
sales = employeeSales;
}
void setSalary(double employeeSalary)
{
salary = employeeSalary;
}
double getSales() const{return sales;}
double getSalary() const{return salary;}
private:
double sales;
double salary;
};
this is my main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "Salary.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Salary mySalary;
double employeeSales;
double employeeSalary;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
cout << "Enter sales in dollars(-1 to quit): ";
cin >> employeeSales;
mySalary.setSales(employeeSales);
while(true)
{
employeeSalary = 200 + (.09 * employeeSales);
mySalary.setSalary(employeeSalary);
cout << "Salary is: $" << mySalary.getSalary();
cout << "Enter sales in dollars(-1 to quit): ";
cin >> employeeSales;
mySalary.setSales(employeeSales);
}
}
However the while loop in main won't work unless i put while(employeeSales != -1)
Rather than have your constructor handle garbage data (-1 as the argument), just create an if statement in the while-loop in main that breaks if the user entered -1.
while(true)
{
employeeSalary = 200 + (.09 * employeeSales);
mySalary.setSalary(employeeSalary);
cout << "Salary is: $" << mySalary.getSalary();
cout << "Enter sales in dollars(-1 to quit): ";
cin >> employeeSales;
if( employeeSales == -1)
{
cout << "Stopping program!" << endl;
break; // exits the while loop
}
mySalary.setSales(employeeSales);
}
Doing this allows for a while-loop in your Salary constructor to be unnecessary, and should hopefully solve your issue.
I have been working on a trivial assignment to get used to coding. I am designing an ATM machine and at the moment it is composed of 2 classes:
BankAccount.cpp
Constructor for different types of account
Only has balance as a member
Transaction.cpp
Performs a method on the BankAccount (i.e make deposit, make withdrawl & get balance)
Problem: BankAccount is automatically initialized to a balance of 10 which is undesired. So for example, if I made a checking account and chose to deposit $10, balance would print out $20.
//BankAccount.h
//This class will simply take in a bank account
//with a balance, other classes will use a bank account object
//such as saving/checkings and perform operations on the
//balance
#ifndef BANK_ACCOUNT_H
#define BANK_ACCOUNT_H
class BankAccount {
private:
float balance;
public:
BankAccount ();
float getBalance ();
void makeDeposit ();
void makeWithdrawl ();
};
#endif
//BankAccount.cpp
#include "BankAccount.h"
#include <iostream> //remove once done *not to self
using namespace std; //remove once done *note to self
BankAccount::BankAccount() {
balance = 0.00;
}
float BankAccount::getBalance() {
return balance;
}
void BankAccount::makeDeposit() {
cout << "How much would you like to deposit: ";
float deposit_value;
cin >> deposit_value;
balance += deposit_value;
}
void BankAccount::makeWithdrawl() {
cout << "How much would you like to withdrawl: ";
float withdrawl_value;
cin >> withdrawl_value;
balance -= withdrawl_value;
}
//Transaction.h
#ifndef TRANSACTION_H
#define TRANSACTION_H
class Transaction {
private:
BankAccount m_bao;
public:
Transaction(BankAccount&);
void displayOptions();
void printReciept();
};
#endif
//Transaction.cpp
#include "BankAccount.h"
#include "Transaction.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Transaction::Transaction(BankAccount& bao) {
m_bao = bao;
}
void Transaction::displayOptions() {
cout << "\nPlease make a choice\n\n";
cout << "1: Make Deposit\n";
cout << "2: Make Withdrawl\n";
cout << "3: Check Balance\n";
int choice;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
m_bao.makeDeposit();
break;
case 2:
m_bao.makeWithdrawl();
break;
case 3:
m_bao.getBalance();
break;
}
}
void Transaction::printReciept() {
cout << "Current balance is now: " << m_bao.getBalance() + '\n';
}
int main () {
BankAccount checking;
Transaction q(checking);
q.displayOptions();
q.printReciept();
}
I am sure the answer is right in front of my eyes, but my brain is just fried right now. I will continue to look for the solutions and let you guys know if my problem has been solved yet.
[EDIT]
Alright, now I am trying to make it so that the customer can choose to perform transactions on either Checking or Savings account. Currently I got it looking like this in my main():
int main () {
BankAccount checking(0.00);
BankAccount savings(0.00);
Transaction c(checking);
Transaction s(savings);
for(int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) {
cout << "Make an option" << endl;
cout << "1. Checking " << endl;
cout << "2. Savings" << endl;
int choice;
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1) {
c.prompt();
c.printReciept();
}
else {
s.prompt();
s.printReciept();
}
}
}
It works fine, but I would like to make this process more OOP-alized, if that makes sense :)
One option I was trying to look into was making a prompt function which would belong to Transaction.cpp. This would do everything that is done in main, except initializing the objects of course.
Your problem is this line:
cout << "Current balance is now: " << m_bao.getBalance() + '\n';
Which the compiler sees as:
cout << "Current balance is now: " << (m_bao.getBalance() + '\n');
'\n' is 10 as an int, so you get this:
cout << "Current balance is now: " << (m_bao.getBalance() + 10);
You probably meant to do this:
cout << "Current balance is now: " << m_bao.getBalance() << '\n';
Remember that in C++, + almost always means "add these two numbers".
/*I got stumped within my code. I think classes will be simpler than structures, but the chapter within my book makes me do structures. : / I am currently getting an error message that my function was not matched up for an overloaded function. The book does talk about them, but the examples of overloading functions in the book aren't helping me out. Also the book wants me to enter account numbers and fill in the objects and when they are asked for an account number they should have the opportunity to "QUIT" entering numbers and proceed onto the next part of the program; that whole way of thinking has my brain a bit fried and I was hoping I could get some help. I apologize if the formatting of my code is messy, I tried to reformat it within here so it would all go into the code brackets.
The Error happens at line... 161 at the displayAccounts function. Parameters were different within the top and bottom of the two functions I changed it and it works. I am going to go over different parts and if its correct post the correct code.*/
I figured out exactly the question that I need. I need the "QUIT" loop to be allowed to be followed up within the account numbers. This would allow the user to enter in a 0 at any time when asked to enter an account number and this was what was confusing me the most.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
struct BankAccount
{
void enterAccountsData(BankAccount *accounts);
void computeInterest(BankAccount *accounts);
void displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts, const int QUIT);
int accountNum; // holds the account number.
double accountBal; // holds the account balance.
double annualInterest; // holds the interest rate.
int term; // holds the term for the accounts.
};
int main()
{
const int MAX_ACCOUNTS = 100; // The maximum number of bank accounts.
const int QUIT = 0; // sentinal value.
int input;
int num = 0;
BankAccount data[MAX_ACCOUNTS];
BankAccount display;
cout << "Enter " << QUIT << " to stop, otherwise enter 1 and procreed.";
cin >> input;
while(true)
{
if(input != QUIT)
{
data[MAX_ACCOUNTS].enterAccountsData(data);
data[MAX_ACCOUNTS].computeInterest(data);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
display.displayAccounts(data, QUIT);
//system("pause");
return 0;
}
void BankAccount::enterAccountsData(BankAccount *accounts)
{
cout << setprecision(2) << fixed;
const int NUM_OF_ACCOUNTS = 100; // the number of bank accounts. (change the number for more bank accounts)
int found;
int quit = 0;
/* First for loop which asks and holds the account information
entered in by the user. */
for(int num = 0; num < NUM_OF_ACCOUNTS; num++)
{
do
{
found = 0;
cout << "Enter in account # " << (num + 1) << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].accountNum; // holds the value of the account number
// Checks if the account number is valid.
while(accounts[num].accountNum < 999 || accounts[num].accountNum > 10000)
{
cout << "Account number must be four didgets:" << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].accountNum;
}
// Checks if the account numbers are the same.
for(int check = 0; check < num; check++)
{
while(accounts[num].accountNum == accounts[check].accountNum)
{
cout << endl << "Account Numbers cannot be the same, enter in a new account number." << endl;
found = 1;
break;
}
}
} while(found); // end of do while.
// Holds the values for the account balances.
cout << "Enter the accounts balance." << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].accountBal;
// Makes sure that the account balance is not negative.
while(accounts[num].accountBal < 0)
{
cout << "Account cannot have a negitive balance." << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].accountBal;
}
// Holds the interest rate.
cout << endl << "Enter the interest rate for account # " << (num + 1) << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].annualInterest;
// Makes sure the interest rate is valid
while(accounts[num].annualInterest > 0 && accounts[num].annualInterest > 0.15)
{
cout << endl << "Annual interest must be from 0 to 0.15." << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].annualInterest;
}
// Makes sure the interest rate is not negetive
while(accounts[num].annualInterest < 0)
{
cout << endl << "Interest rate cannot be negetive" << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].annualInterest;
}
// Holds the value for the length of the interest.
cout << endl << "How many years will this interest rate be held for? " << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].term;
//Checks for valid length of time for the term held
while(accounts[num].term < 0 || accounts[num].term > 11)
{
cout << "The Term must be greater than 1 and should not exceed 10" << endl;
cin >> accounts[num].term;
}
}
cout << "If you wish to stop enter 0 otherwise type 1 to proceed" << endl;
cin >> quit;
if(quit = 0)
{
return;
}
}
void BankAccount :: computeInterest(BankAccount *accounts)
{
const int NUM_OF_ACCOUNTS = 100; // the number of bank accounts.
const int MONTHS_IN_YEAR = 12;
double total = 0;
double average = 0;
for(int num = 0; num < NUM_OF_ACCOUNTS; num++)
{
/*Goes through the term year and calculates the total
of each account balance. Then calculates the average. */
for(int year = 0; year < accounts[num].term; year++)
{
for(int month = 0; month < MONTHS_IN_YEAR; month++)
{
accounts[num].accountBal = (accounts[num].accountBal * accounts[num].annualInterest) + accounts[num].accountBal;
}
int month = 1;
cout << endl << "Total amount for account # " << (num + 1) << " is: " << accounts[num].accountBal << endl ;
total += accounts[num].accountBal;
cout << endl << "The total amount of all accounts is: " << total << endl;
}
}
average = total / NUM_OF_ACCOUNTS;
cout << "Average of all the bank accounts is: " << average << endl;
}
void BankAccount :: displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts)
{
int input = 0;
int found;
const int MAX_ACCOUNTS = 100;
int quit = 0;
cout << endl << "Which account do you want to access?" << endl <<
"To stop or look at none of the account numbers type: " << quit << endl;
cin >> input;
for(int num = 0; num < MAX_ACCOUNTS; num++)
{
while(num < MAX_ACCOUNTS && input != accounts[num].accountNum)
{
num++;
}
if(input == accounts[num].accountNum) // This if sees if an account matches what the user entered.
{
cout << "Account: " << accounts[num].accountNum << endl << "Balance is: " <<
accounts[num].accountBal << endl << "Interest rate is: " << accounts[num].annualInterest;
cout << endl << "Enter another account number or type 0 to quit." << endl;
found = 1;
cout << endl;
cin >> input;
}
if(found == 0)
{
cout << "Sorry that account doesn't exist. Enter another account number." << endl;
cin >> input;
}
}
}
In C++, classes and structs are exactly the same constructs. They are, in fact, one thing — a User-Defined Type.
There is a different that is invoked depending on whether you used the keyword struct or class to define your UDT, and that is that class-key defaults to private member access and private inheritance, whereas struct-key defaults to both being public.
Other than this syntax difference, you can use either without worrying about one being "simpler" than the other.
Anyway, your compiler error (please provide it next time) is probably due to a declaration/definition mismatch.
Your declaration:
void displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts, const int QUIT);
Start of your definition:
void BankAccount :: displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts) {
The start of the definition should be
void BankAccount::displayAccounts(BankAccount* accounts, const int QUIT) {
to match. I've also fixed your spacing to be nicer. :)
void displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts, const int QUIT);
... looks different between declaration and definition. Second parameter is missing in the definition.
Not sure what your question is, but classes and structs in C++ are equivalent except that fields are public by default in structs, but private by default in classes.
In the struct’s displayAccounts() member declaration you have:
void displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts, const int QUIT);
and when defining the method later:
void BankAccount :: displayAccounts(BankAccount *accounts)
You have just missed
const int QUIT
parameter for the member function definition.