Initialize Objects as Class Members in C++ - c++

Question

There are three classes.The first is a template, the second acts as generic for template and third implements the template.
template <class T>
class Shape {
T val,val_new;
public:
Shape(T initval)
{
val=initval;
}
...
};
class TwoPoint
{
int width;
int value;
public:
TwoPoint()
{
value=0;
width=0;
}
TwoPoint(int v, int w)
{
value=v;
width=w;
}
TwoPoint(const TwoPoint& t)
{
value= t.value;
width= t.width;
}
...
};
class Rectangle
{
private:
Shape<TwoPoint> val;
TwoPoint newval;
public:
Rectangle(TwoPoint i)
: val (Shape<TwoPoint> (i)) {}
....
};
I want to initialize the Rectangle and solidShape in some other class as class members and that can be done in java like:
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(new TwoPoint(0,8));
Shape<TwoPoint> solidShape = new Shape<TwoPoint>(new TwoPoint(0,5));
How can i do a similar type of thing in C++? I want to create an implementation like:
class C
{
public:
// initialize Rectangle here;
// initialize solidShape here;
}
The integer values shown here are just for illustration and can be anything.

Answer 1

The correct way to have a conversion constructor in C++ is through a const reference:
Rectangle(const TwoPoint& i)
This also means you can pass a temporary as parameter:
Rectangle* r = new Rectangle( TwoPoint(0,8) ); //dynamic storage
or
Rectangle r( TwoPoint(0,8) ); //automatic storage
It would also work with a pass by value, but this is the standard way of doing it.
Same goes for the Shape class:
Shape(const T& initval) //conversion constructor
and:
Shape<TwoPoint>* solidShape = new Shape<TwoPoint>( TwoPoint(0,5) ); //dynamic storage
or
Shape<TwoPoint> solidShape( TwoPoint(0,5) ); //automatic storage
In C++, new returns a pointer. But your conversion constructors take objects (not pointers to objects) by reference or value. So you need an object passed as parameter, not pointers.
If these two are class members:
if you chose to have pointers, you need to free the memory in the destructor.
if you chose automatic storage objects (what you have now), the destructors will be called when the containing object is destroyed, so you don't manually free the memory. To initialize automatic storage objects that are class members, you need to use an initialization list:
Like this:
class C
{
Shape<TwoPoint> solidShape;
Rectangle r;
public:
C() : solidShape(TwoPoint(0,5)), r( TwoPoint(0,8) ) {} //initialization list in constructor
};

Answer 2

We use const references as constructor parameters and initialization constructor chain:
template <class T>
class Shape {
T val,val_new;
public:
Shape(const T & initval) :
val(initval)
{
}
...
};
class TwoPoint
{
int width;
int value;
public:
TwoPoint() :
value(0),
width(0)
{
}
TwoPoint(int v, int w) :
value(v),
width(v)
{
}
TwoPoint(const TwoPoint& t)
value(t.value),
width(t.width)
{
}
...
};
class Rectangle
{
private:
Shape<TwoPoint> val;
TwoPoint newval;
public:
Rectangle(const TwoPoint & i)
: val (Shape<TwoPoint> (i))
{}
....
};
and you create object like this:
TwoPoint t(0,8)
Rectangle r(t);
Shape<TwoPoint> shape(t);