I'm trying to make a example (just example! I know it leaks) app to learn operator overloading in C++, but I get the value of zero to the elements of the sum.... I suspect that the problem is int the copy constructor.
The Detailed implementation is below:
class Matrix{
public:
Matrix(int row, int col);
Matrix(const Matrix& src);
float& set(int row, int col);
float get(int row, int col);
const Matrix & operator+(const Matrix& rhs);
private:
float* data;
int nrow;
int ncol;
};
Matrix::Matrix(int row, int col){
nrow = row;
ncol = ncol;
data = new float[nrow*ncol];
}
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& src){
nrow = src.nrow;
ncol = src.ncol;
data = new float[nrow*ncol];
for(int i = 0; i < nrow*ncol; i++){
data[i] = src.data[i];
}
}
float& Matrix::set(int row, int col){
return data[row*ncol+col];
}
float Matrix::get(int row, int col){
return data[row*ncol+col];
}
const Matrix & Matrix::operator+(const Matrix& rhs){
if (this->nrow == rhs.nrow && this->ncol == rhs.ncol){
Matrix* m = new Matrix(rhs.nrow, rhs.ncol);
for(int i=0; i< nrow*ncol; i++){
m->data[i] = data[i] + rhs.data[i];
}
return *m;
} else {
throw -1;
}
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
Matrix A(1,1);
Matrix B(1,1);
A.set(0,0)=1;
B.set(0,0)=2;
cout << A.get(0,0) << endl;
cout << B.get(0,0) << endl;
Matrix C = A + B; // Marix C(A+B);
cout << C.get(0,0) << endl;
return 0;
}
Matrix::Matrix(int row, int col){
nrow = row;
ncol = ncol;
data = new float[nrow*ncol];
}
There's a typo in there that results in your code having undefined behavior.
Fix it with:
ncol = col;
(Make sure you turn you compilers warning/diagnostics level to the maximum, GCC catches this.)
You're leaking your float[]s too, so your code isn't complete. Don't forget to add proper destructors, and always follow the rule of three.
Related
I'm just going to preface this with the fact that I'm new to C++ so it's quite possible there's just a stupid error here, but I can't find it.
I'm just trying to overload the increment operator in a friend function. Everything compiles perfectly and everything works if I explicitly call the postfix increment overload:
operator++(*test, 0);
Every element in the matrix is incremented and the program prints it out using cout perfectly. The problem is when I try to do the normal ++ increment test++; it appears as though something wrong happens with the test pointer to where when it tries to print the test object it doesn't print anything.
Any idea what's going on? I'm clueless. Here's the code I'm working with...
Compile & Run
g++ -o App App.cpp Matrix.cpp
./App
App.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Matrix.h"
using namespace std;
#define X 9
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Start the actual program here
Matrix* test = new Matrix(3,3);
// Row 1
test->setElement(0,0,1);
test->setElement(0,1,2);
test->setElement(0,2,3);
// Row 2
test->setElement(1,0,4);
test->setElement(1,1,5);
test->setElement(1,2,6);
// Row 3
test->setElement(2,0,7);
test->setElement(2,1,8);
test->setElement(2,2,9);
operator++(*test, 0);
//test++;
//++test;
// Print the Matrix object
cout << *test << endl;
}
Matrix.h
#ifndef MATRIX_H
#define MATRIX_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix {
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Matrix&);
friend Matrix& operator++(Matrix&); // prefix increment
friend Matrix& operator++(Matrix&, int); // postfix increment
private:
int rows;
int cols;
int** elements;
public:
// Constructors
Matrix(int);
Matrix(int,int);
Matrix(const Matrix&);
// Define setters
void setElement(int,int,int);
// Define getters
int getRowCount();
int getColCount();
int getElementAt(int,int);
void increment();
// Destructor
~Matrix();
};
#endif
Matrix.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Matrix.h"
using namespace std;
//===================================
// DEFINE [CON]/[DE]STRUCTORS
//===================================
// Constructor for creating square matricies
Matrix::Matrix(int _size) {
rows = _size;
cols = _size;
elements = new int*[_size];
for (int i = 0; i < _size; i++) {
elements[i] = new int[_size];
}
}
// Constructor for supporting non-square matricies
Matrix::Matrix(int _rows, int _cols) {
rows = _rows;
cols = _cols;
elements = new int*[_rows];
for (int i = 0; i < _rows; i++) {
elements[i] = new int[_cols];
}
}
// Copy constructor
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& mat1) {
Matrix(mat1.rows, mat1.cols);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
elements[i][j] = mat1.elements[i][j];
}
}
}
// Destructor
Matrix::~Matrix() {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
delete[] elements[i];
}
delete[] elements;
}
//===================================
// DEFINE SETTER FUNCTIONS
//===================================
void Matrix::setElement(int row, int col, int newElement) {
if (row > rows-1 || row < 0)
throw "Row out of index";
if (col > cols-1 || col < 0)
throw "Column out of index";
elements[row][col] = newElement;
}
//===================================
// DEFINE GETTER FUNCTIONS
//===================================
int Matrix::getRowCount() { return rows; }
int Matrix::getColCount() { return cols; }
int Matrix::getElementAt(int row, int col) {
if (row > rows-1 || row < 0)
throw "Row out of index";
if (col > cols-1 || col < 0)
throw "Column out of index";
return elements[row][col];
}
//===================================
// OVERRIDE OPERATOR FUNCTIONS
//===================================
// Print the Matrix to the output stream
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Matrix& mat) {
for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < mat.cols; j++) {
out << mat.elements[i][j] << " ";
}
out << endl;
}
return out;
}
// Prefix. Increment immediately and return the object.
Matrix& operator++(Matrix& mat) {
cout << "Prefix ++ operator" << endl;
// Increment all elements in the object by 1
for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < mat.cols; j++) {
mat.elements[i][j] += 1;
}
}
return mat;
}
// Postfix. Return the current object and "save" the incremented.
Matrix& operator++(Matrix& mat, int x) {
cout << "Postfix ++ operator" << endl;
// Save the current values
Matrix* curVals = new Matrix(mat);
// Increment the object
++(mat);
// Return the unincremented values
return *curVals;
}
test++ increments the value of test, so that it will point to the memory after your Matrix object. You need to dereference the pointer to get a Matrix object, then apply the increment to that.
What you want is (*test)++ or ++*test.
I have the following code for defining a class Matrix. The definitions in the header file are as follows:
#ifndef MATRIX_H
#define MATRIX_H
/* General matrix class */
class Matrix
{
public:
Matrix(int m, int n, double ini);
virtual ~Matrix();
Matrix(const Matrix& other); //copy ctor
Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& other); //assignment operator;
double operator()(int i, int j) const; //access element in the matrix
double& operator() (int i, int j); //set element in the matrix
friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix& mat1, const Matrix& mat2); //Matrix addition
friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix& mat1, double a); //scaler multiplication
int dimension() const {return rows*cols;} //getter method for dimension
protected:
private:
int rows; //number of rows in the matrix
int cols; //number of cols in the matrix
double* d; //pointer to the representation of the matrix
};
The implementation of the parts relevant to the question are shown below.
#include "Matrix.h"
#include<iostream>
Matrix::Matrix(int m, int n, double ini):rows{m},cols{n},d{new double[m*n]}
{
//ctor
double* p = d;
for(int i=0;i<rows*cols;i++)
{
*p++ = ini;
}
}
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
//dtor
delete []d;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator=(const Matrix& rhs)
{
if (this == &rhs) return *this; // handle self assignment
if (rows*cols<=rhs.rows*rhs.cols)
{
delete []d;
d = new double[rhs.rows*rhs.cols];
rows = rhs.rows;
cols = rhs.cols;
for(int i=0;i<rows*cols;i++)
{
d[i] = rhs.d[i];
}
}
//assignment operator
return *this;
}
double Matrix::operator()(int i, int j) const
{
return d[rows*i + j];
}
double& Matrix::operator()(int i, int j)
{
return d[rows*i+j];
}
Now, I have a simple test application that creates a matrix, assigns values to the elements in the matrix, as well reads the value of an element (given a row and a column number).
#include <iostream>
#include "Matrix.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
Matrix A(3,2,0.0);
cout<<A.dimension()<<endl;
// assign values to matrix elements
for (i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<2;j++) A(i,j) = 0.1*i*j;
}
// access matrix elements
double sum = 0.0;
for (i=0;i<3;i++) {
for (j=0;j<2;j++) sum += A(i,j); }
cout << "The sum of the matrix elements is ";
cout << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
My issue is that while everything compiles without problems, when run, the main function freezes -- the "sum" above is computed though. Was wondering if this is due to the destructor not being called or being unable to be called. Much appreciated if anyone has any ideas.
I think your code are wrong in operator()
double Matrix::operator()(int i, int j) const
{
return d[cols*i + j];
}
double& Matrix::operator()(int i, int j)
{
return d[cols*i+j];
}
And you overflow the array d[]
I am trying to define a simple class to work with 2d matrices, called Matrix2D01, and having trouble with the + operator.
I have the += operator which is working fine,
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator+=(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
int i,j;
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<N;j++) mat[i][j]+=mat2[i][j];
return *this;
}
The + operator is defined:
Matrix2D01 Matrix2D01::operator+(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
Matrix2D01 result(1,1);
result=*this;
result+=mat2;
return result;
}
When i try to use the + operator, for example by
mat3=mat1+mat2;
the compiler gives an error:
../MatrixGames.cpp:17:12: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘mat3 = Matrix2D01::operator+(Matrix2D01&)((* & mat2))’
If anyone can tell me what I'm doing wrong it will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks.
I also have a = operator defined,
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator=(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
if (this==&mat2) return *this;
int i,j;
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
delete [] mat[i];
}
delete [] mat;
M=mat2.Dimensions()[0];
N=mat2.Dimensions()[1];
mat = new double* [M];
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
mat[i]=new double [N];
}
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<M;j++)
mat[i][j]=mat2[i][j];
return *this;
}
here is a complete test case:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Matrix2D01 {
protected:
int D;
double **mat;
int M,N;
public:
Matrix2D01(int m,int n);
Matrix2D01(int m,int n,double d);
~Matrix2D01();
vector <int> Dimensions() {vector <int> d(D,M); d[1]=N; return d;}
double* operator[](int i) {return mat[i];}
Matrix2D01& operator=(Matrix2D01& mat2);
Matrix2D01& operator+=(Matrix2D01& mat2);
Matrix2D01 operator+(Matrix2D01& mat2);
};
Matrix2D01::Matrix2D01(int m, int n) {
int i,j;
D=2;
M=m;
N=n;
mat = new double* [M];
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
mat[i]=new double [N];
}
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<M;j++)
mat[i][j]=0;
}
Matrix2D01::Matrix2D01(int m, int n,double d) {
int i,j;
D=2;
M=m;
N=n;
mat = new double* [M];
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
mat[i]=new double [N];
}
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<M;j++)
mat[i][j]=d;
}
Matrix2D01::~Matrix2D01() {
int i;
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
delete [] mat[i];
}
delete [] mat;
}
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator=(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
if (this==&mat2) return *this;
int i,j;
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
delete [] mat[i];
}
delete [] mat;
M=mat2.Dimensions()[0];
N=mat2.Dimensions()[1];
mat = new double* [M];
for (i=0;i<M;i++) {
mat[i]=new double [N];
}
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<M;j++)
mat[i][j]=mat2[i][j];
return *this;
}
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator+=(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
int i,j,M2,N2;
M2=mat2.Dimensions()[0];
N2=mat2.Dimensions()[1];
if ((M!=M2)||(N!=N2)) {
cout<<"error: attempted to add non-matching matrices";
return *this;
}
for (i=0;i<M;i++)
for (j=0;j<N;j++) mat[i][j]+=mat2[i][j];
return *this;
}
Matrix2D01 Matrix2D01::operator+(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
Matrix2D01 result(1,1);
result=*this;
result+=mat2;
return result;
}
int main() {
Matrix2D01 mat1(2,2,1);
Matrix2D01 mat2(2,2,2);
Matrix2D01 mat3(2,2,4);
mat3+=mat1;
mat3=mat1+mat2;
return 1;
}
Herb Sutter advocates the following canonical way to overload operator + (please read GotW, it is really well written and interesting):
Don't include operator + as a member function, instead make it a free function.
Pass one object by value and the other by const reference. This makes it possible to use move operators when you add to a temporary.
Implement in terms of operator +=:
Matrix2D01 operator+(Matrix2D01 a, const Matrix2D01 &b)
{
a += b;
return a;
}
I've posted the code of the Matrix class I had written for an assignment on Discrete Mathematics last Sem
Notice how the assignment operator and the copy constructor are implemented All you need to do is write an assignment operator (I'd recommend that you write a copy constructor as well)
#pragma once
#include <vector>
#include <istream>
#include <ostream>
class Matrix
{
private:
unsigned int rows, cols;
std::vector<std::vector<int> > matrix;
public:
// Creates a Matrix with the given dimensions and sets the default value of all the elements to 0
Matrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols);
// Destructor
~Matrix();
// Converts the relation set into it's adjacency Matrix representation
static Matrix CreateFromRelationSet( std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > relationSet);
// Copy Constructor
Matrix(const Matrix& cSource);
// Assignment Operator
Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& cSource);
// Resets all the elements of the matrix to 0
void Reset();
// Resizes the matrix to the given size
void Resize(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols);
// Returns the number of rows
unsigned int getRows();
// Returns the number of columns
unsigned int getCols();
// Returns the smallest element from the matrix
int getSmallestElement();
// Returns the greatest element from the matrix
int getGreatestElement();
// Returns true if element is found and sets the row and column
// Returns false if not found
bool getPosition(int element, int* i, int* j);
// Deletes a row from the Matrix
void DeleteRow(unsigned int row);
// Deletes a column from the Matrix
void DeleteColumn(unsigned int col);
// Returns the element at (i,j)
int& operator()(unsigned int i, unsigned j);
// Returns the element at (i,j). Use the () operators instead
int getElementAt(unsigned int i, unsigned j);
friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, Matrix& m);
friend std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& in, Matrix& m);
Matrix operator + (Matrix M);
Matrix operator - (Matrix M);
Matrix operator * (Matrix M);
};
// For use with cin & cout
std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, Matrix& m);
std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& in, Matrix& m);
#include "Matrix.h"
Matrix::Matrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols)
{
this->rows = rows;
this->cols = cols;
matrix.resize(rows);
for(std::vector<int>& i: matrix)
i.resize(cols);
Reset();
}
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
}
// local helper function
int findMaxFromSet(std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > set)
{
int maxVal = 0;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < set.size(); i ++)
{
int p = set[i].first > set[i].second ? set[i].first : set[i].second;
maxVal = maxVal > p ? maxVal : p;
}
return maxVal;
}
Matrix Matrix::CreateFromRelationSet (std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > relationSet)
{
int max = findMaxFromSet(relationSet);
Matrix M(max,max);
M.Reset();
for(auto i = relationSet.begin(); i != relationSet.end(); ++ i)
M(i->first - 1, i->second - 1) = 1;
return M;
}
void Matrix::Reset()
{
for (auto& i: matrix)
for(auto& j: i)
j = 0;
}
void Matrix::Resize(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols)
{
matrix.resize(rows);
for(auto& i:matrix)
i.resize(cols);
}
unsigned int Matrix::getRows()
{
return rows;
}
unsigned int Matrix::getCols()
{
return cols;
}
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& cSource)
{
rows = cSource.rows;
cols = cSource.cols;
matrix = cSource.matrix;
}
bool Matrix::getPosition(int element, int* i, int* j)
{
for(unsigned int ii = 0; ii < getRows(); ii ++)
for(unsigned int jj = 0; jj < getCols(); jj ++)
if(matrix[ii][jj] == element)
{
*i = ii;
*j = jj;
return true;
}
return false;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator=(const Matrix& cSource)
{
// check for self-assignment
if (this == &cSource)
return *this;
if(this->getRows() < cSource.rows)
{
this->rows = cSource.rows;
this->matrix.resize(cSource.rows);
}
if(this->getCols() < cSource.cols)
{
this->cols = cSource.cols;
for(auto& i:this->matrix)
i.resize(cSource.cols);
}
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
for(unsigned int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
this->matrix[i][j] = const_cast<Matrix&>(cSource)(i,j);
return *this;
}
std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, Matrix& m)
{
for(auto& i: m.matrix)
{
for(auto& j: i)
out<<j<<'\t';
out<<std::endl;
}
return out;
}
std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& in, Matrix& m)
{
for(auto& i: m.matrix)
for(auto& j: i)
in>>j;
return in;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator + (Matrix op)
{
// Find the rows and cols of the new matrix
unsigned int r = this->getRows() > op.getRows()?this->getRows():op.getRows();
unsigned int c = this->getCols() > op.getCols()?this->getCols():op.getCols();
// Create Matrices
Matrix A = *this;
Matrix B = op;
Matrix R(r,c);
// Assign values
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
for(unsigned int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
R(i,j) = A(i,j) + B(i,j);
return R;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator - (Matrix op)
{
// Find the rows and cols of the new matrix
unsigned int r = this->getRows() > op.getRows()?this->getRows():op.getRows();
unsigned int c = this->getCols() > op.getCols()?this->getCols():op.getCols();
// Create Matrices
Matrix A = *this;
Matrix B = op;
Matrix R(r,c);
// Assign values
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
for(unsigned int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
R(i,j) = A(i,j) - B(i,j);
return R;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator* (Matrix op)
{
Matrix A = *this;
Matrix B = op;
if(A.getCols() != B.getRows())
throw std::exception("Matrices cannot be multiplied");
Matrix M(A.getRows(), B.getCols());
for(unsigned int i=0 ; i<A.getRows() ; i++)
for(unsigned int j=0 ; j<B.getCols() ; j++)
for(unsigned int k=0 ; k<B.getRows() ; k++)
M(i,j) = M(i,j) + A(i,k) * B(k,j);
return M;
}
int& Matrix::operator()(unsigned int i, unsigned j)
{
return matrix[i][j];
}
int Matrix::getElementAt(unsigned int i, unsigned j)
{
return (*this)(i,j);
}
int Matrix::getSmallestElement()
{
int result = matrix[0][0];
for(auto i:matrix)
for(auto j : i)
if(j < result)
result = j;
return result;
}
int Matrix::getGreatestElement()
{
int result = matrix[0][0];
for(auto i:matrix)
for(auto j : i)
if(j > result)
result = j;
return result;
}
void Matrix::DeleteRow(unsigned int row)
{
matrix.erase(matrix.begin() + row);
rows --;
}
void Matrix::DeleteColumn(unsigned int col)
{
for(auto& i: matrix)
i.erase(i.begin() + col);
cols --;
}
UPDATE:
result=*this;
In your code you are trying to allocate result the value of *this using the assignment operator, but no assignment operator is defined and the compiler doesn't find a match
Writing an assignment operator overload will solve this issue.
And if you have a copy constructor you can do something like:
Matrix2D01 Matrix2D01::operator+(Matrix2D01& mat2) {
Matrix2D01 result = *this;
result+=mat2;
return result;
}
Writing Assignment Operators: http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/912-shallow-vs-deep-copying/
And if you're interested in the details - here you go: http://www.icu-project.org/docs/papers/cpp_report/the_anatomy_of_the_assignment_operator.html
Your operands should be const references. Otherwise, you
can't use a temporary to initialize them. (In this case, the
return value of operator+ is a temporary, and thus, cannot be
bound to the non-const reference of operator=.)
If your operator+ is a member, it should be const as well.
After all, it doesn't modify the object it is called on. So:
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator=( Matrix2D01 const& mat2 );
Matrix2D01& Matrix2D01::operator+=( Matrix2D01 const& mat2 );
Matrix2D01 Matrix2D01::operator+( Matrix2D01 const& mat2 ) const;
Also, your assignment operator is broken. (Think of what will
happen, if one of the allocations fails after you've freed the
original data.) In general, if you have to test for self
assignment, the assignment operator is broken.
CPP
#include "del2.h"
Matrix::Matrix()
{
dArray = NULL;
}
bool Matrix::isValid() const
{
if (dArray == NULL)
return false;
return true;
}
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
delete [] dArray;
}
Matrix::Matrix(unsigned int nRows)
{
rows = nRows;
columns = nRows;
dArray = new double[nRows * nRows];
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nRows; i++)
{
for (unsigned int n = 0; n < nRows; n++)
{
at(i,n) = 0;
}
}
at(0,0) = 1;
at(rows-1,columns-1) = 1;
}
Matrix::Matrix(unsigned int nRows, unsigned int nColumns)
{
dArray = new double[nRows * nColumns];
rows = nRows;
columns = nColumns;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nRows; i++)
for (unsigned int n = 0; n < nColumns; n++)
dArray[i * columns + n] = 0;
}
const Matrix Matrix::operator =(const Matrix & rhs)
{
columns = rhs.getColumns();
rows = rhs.getRows();
delete [] dArray;
dArray = new double[rows * columns];
for (int row = 0; row < rows; row++)
for (int column = 0; column < columns; column++)
at(row,column) = rhs.at(row,column);
return *this;
}
std::ostream & operator <<( std::ostream & out, const Matrix & classPrint )
{
if (!classPrint.isValid())
return out;
int rows = classPrint.getRows();
int columns = classPrint.getColumns();
out << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
out << "| ";
for (int n = 0; n < columns; n++)
out << classPrint.at(i,n) << " ";
out << "|" << std::endl;
}
out << endl;
return out;
}
HEADER:
#ifndef DEL2
#define DEL2
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
private:
int rows;
int columns;
double * dArray;
public:
~Matrix();
Matrix();
explicit Matrix(unsigned int nRows);
Matrix(unsigned int nRows, unsigned int nColumns);
const Matrix operator =(const Matrix & rhs);
const double at(int row, int column) const
{ return dArray[ row*this->columns + column ]; }
double & at( int row, int column )
{ return dArray[ row*this->columns + column ]; }
const int getRows() const {return rows;}
const int getColumns() const {return columns;}
bool isValid() const;
};
std::ostream & operator <<( std::ostream & out, const Matrix & classPrint );
#endif // MATRIX
Main:
#include <iostream>
#include "del2.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Matrix A;
Matrix B(10);
A = B;
cout << A;
return 0;
}
When I run this, the following happens:
The first index, matrix[0] of A, always becomes some weird number like 2.22323e-306. I don't understand why. Even when I try to set "at(0,0) = 1;" in the operator = - function after the loop, it still doesn't have 0.
The problem is here
const Matrix operator =(const Matrix & rhs);
should be
const Matrix& operator =(const Matrix & rhs);
and the definition should be
const Matrix& Matrix::operator =(const Matrix & rhs)
{
if (&rhs == this)
return *this;
Otherwwise operator= is returning a copy of the Matrix which will have dArray same as the original Matrix. Your data will be deleted when the temporary returned array goes out of scope.
Be carefull the operator = is not correct
Matrix & operator = (const Matrix & rhs){
if (&rhs != this){
// Your stuff here
}
return *this;
}
Calling delete [] on a null array is undefined. It can crash.
You must also define the copy constructor
I got the following class:
class Matrix{
private:
int rows;
int columns;
double* matrix;
public:
Matrix();
explicit Matrix(int N);
Matrix(int M, int N);
void setValue(int M, int N, double value);
double getValue(int M, int N);
bool isValid() const;
int getRows();
int getColumns();
~Matrix();
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Matrix&matrix1);
Matrix &operator=(const Matrix &m) {
if (rows * columns != m.rows * m.columns){
delete [] this->matrix;
this->matrix = new double[m.rows * m.columns];
}
rows = m.rows;
columns = m.columns;
for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < columns; j++){
this->matrix[i * columns + j] = m.matrix[i * columns + j];
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix(const Matrix &rhs);
};
with these functions
#include <iostream>
#include "Matrix.h"
using namespace std;
//OPPGAVE 2
Matrix::Matrix(){
matrix = NULL;
}
Matrix::Matrix(int N){
matrix = new double[N * N];
rows = N;
columns = N;
for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < N; j++){
if(i==j)
matrix[i * N + j] = 1;
else
matrix[i * N + j] = 0;
}
}
}
Matrix::Matrix(int M, int N){
matrix = new double[M * N];
rows = M;
columns = N;
for(int i = 0; i < M; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < N; j++)
matrix[i * N + j] = 0;
}
}
Matrix::~Matrix(){
delete [] matrix;
}
void Matrix::setValue(int M, int N, double value){
matrix[M * columns + N] = value;
}
double Matrix::getValue(int M, int N){
return matrix[M * columns + N];
}
bool Matrix::isValid() const{
if(matrix==NULL)
return false;
else
return true;
}
int Matrix::getRows(){
return rows;
}
int Matrix::getColumns(){
return columns;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Matrix&matrix1){
if(matrix1.isValid())
for(int i = 0; i < matrix1.getRows(); i++){
for(int j = 0; j < matrix1.getColumns(); j++)
out << matrix1.getValue(i,j) << "\t";
out << endl;
}
else
out << "Matrisen er ikke gyldig." << endl;
return out;
}
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &rhs) : rows(rhs.rows),
columns(rhs.columns),
matrix(new double[rows * columns]) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
this->matrix[i * columns + j] = rhs.matrix[i * columns + j];
}
}
}
The exercise says:
a) Create a class Vector that inherits the MxN Matrix.
We want to use the Vector class as an interface to an Mx1 dimensional matrix with some
extra functionality.
b) Implement the following constructors for the Vector class.
• Vector()
Default constructor, should initialize the underlying matrix into the invalid state.
• explicit Vector(unsigned int N)
Should construct the underlying Mx1 Matrix, initialized as a zero-matrix. (The explicit keyword is not in the syllabus, but it should be used here.)
• Vector(const Matrix & other);
Copy-constructor from Matrix. Should assign a matrix to *this if and only if the matrix has dimensions Nx1, otherwise the resulting *this should be set to invalid. Hint: Reuse operator= from the Matrix-class.
This is what I've got so far:
#include "Matrix.h"
class Vector : public Matrix{
public:
Vector();
explicit Vector(int N);
Vector(const Matrix & other);
};
and
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include "Vector.h"
Vector::Vector()
:Matrix(){ }
Vector::Vector(int N)
:Matrix(N,1){ }
How am I supposed to reuse the operator= from Matrix? If I try to copy it from the Matrix class into the Vector class, it says that rows, columns etc is inaccessible. How do I access these?
Is it possible to write a copy constructor for the Vector class more or less the same as the copy constructor for the Matrix class? They are both arrays, so I guess it should work?
Will the operators I overloaded for Matrix (not included here) automaticly be used if I multiply a Matrix with a Vector, or do I also need to include these somehow in the Vector class? (They were written outside the Matrix class in the Matrix.cpp-file.)
Next Im going to write set and get functions for the Vector class.
Is it possible to write these functions on this form?:
void Vector::setValue(int i, double value) {
Matrix::setValue(i, 1, value);
}
Help and tips are greatly appreciated!
What follows is hideous kludgery to satisfy an incompetent professor. Don't do this in the real world.
First, the misnamed "copy" constructor. If we weren't worried about the dimensions, we could do this (shudder):
Vector(const Matrix & other)
{
*this = other;
}
But we must check the dimensions first. We could do it this way:
Vector(const Matrix & other)
{
if(other.getColumns()==1)
*this = other;
}
But some chucklehead neglected to make getColumns() const, so this results in a compiler error. We could do something truly drastic, const cast:
Vector(const Matrix & other)
{
Matrix *p = const_cast<Matrix *>(&other);
if(p->getColumns()==1)
*this = other;
}
Or just something facepalmingly awful:
Vector(const Matrix & other)
{
Matrix M(other); // notice that this is not const
if(M.getColumns()==1)
*this = other;
}
Do you need help with the isValid stuff?
You are on the right track for the sets and gets. You can call operators with member function like syntax Class::operator*(args). Implementing the vector assignment would look something like this:
Vector & Vector::operator=(const Vector &v){
Matrix::operator=(v);
return *this;
}
You will want your Vector constructors to be declared public. I am thinking because you are using inheritance the compiler will generate correct copy constructors and assignment operators for the Vector class. You should write tests to verify this assumption.