I just want to draw a cylinder in opengl. I found lots of samples but all of them draws cylinders in z axis. I want them be in x or y axis. How can i do this. The code below is the code draw the cylinder in z direction and i dont want it
GLUquadricObj *quadratic;
quadratic = gluNewQuadric();
gluCylinder(quadratic,0.1f,0.1f,3.0f,32,32);
You can use glRotate(angle, x, y, z) to rotate your coordinate system:
GLUquadricObj *quadratic;
quadratic = gluNewQuadric();
glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gluCylinder(quadratic,0.1f,0.1f,3.0f,32,32);
http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glRotate.xml
On every render use glPushMatrix glRotatef draw the cylinder and finish your drawing with glPopMatrix.
Ex.: glRotatef(yRotationAngle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Rotate your object around the y axis on yRotationAngle radians
Ex.: OnRender() function example
void OnRender() {
glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Clear the background
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); //Clear the colour buffer
glLoadIdentity(); // Load the Identity Matrix to reset our drawing locations
glRotatef(yRotationAngle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Rotate our object around the y axis on yRotationAngle radians
// here *render* your cylinder (create and delete it in the other place. Not while rendering)
gluCylinder(quadratic,0.1f,0.1f,3.0f,32,32);
glFlush(); // Flush the OpenGL buffers to the window
}
Related
I'm using GLFW + OpenGL to try to make the "rotating cube". Although most of it is working, I have clipping in the far plane. I've tried changing values for frustum to very large numbers but it seems to have no effect.
int main(void) {
if (!glfwInit()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 2);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 0);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); // 4x antialiasing
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 360, "3dTest", NULL, NULL);
if (!window) {
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSwapInterval(1);
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); // Grey Background
float rotqube = 0;
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// clear color and depth buffer for new frame
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// set up camera
glViewport(0, 0, 640, 360);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glFrustum(-100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0, 100.0, -100.0);
// position camera
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f); // Translate Into The Screen 2.0 Units
glRotatef(rotqube, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Rotate The cube around the Y axis
glRotatef(rotqube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Draw The Cube Using quads
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Color Blue
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Top)
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Top)
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top)
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top)
...
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Color Violet
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Right)
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Right)
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Right)
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Right)
glEnd(); // End Drawing The Cube
rotqube += 0.3f;
//Swap buffer and check for events
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate;
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
return 0;
}
This is what it looks like:
You are not using a perspective projection at all. Your call
glFrustum(-100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0, 100.0, -100.0);
has no effect whatsever, besides setting the GL_INVALID_VALUE error state.
As stated in the OpenGL 2.0 specification, section 2.11 "Coordinate Transformations":
For
void Frustum( double l, double r, double b, double t, double n, double f );
the coordinates (l, b, −n)^T and (r, t, −n)^T
specify the points on the near clipping
plane that are mapped to the lower left and upper right corners of the window,
respectively (assuming that the eye is located at (0, 0, 0)^T). f gives the distance
from the eye to the far clipping plane. If either n or f is less than or equal to zero,
l is equal to r, b is equal to t, or n is equal to f, the error INVALID_VALUE results.
Trying to set a projection where one of the near or far planes lies behind the camera does not make the slightest sense, and would result in a lot of mathematical oddities during rendering (i.e division by zero for vertices lying on the camera plane), hence it is not allowed.
Since this function fails with an error, you are using the identity matrix as the projection matrix, and do end up with a orthographic projection.
Now having written all that, I must make you aware that all of this is completely outdated. The fixed function pipeline and the GL matrix stack, including functions like glFrustum, glLoadIdendity, glRotate, and immediate mode rendering using glBegin/glEnd are deprecated and have been removed form core profiles of OpenGL almost a decade ago. It is a really bad idea to try to learn this stuff in 2018, and I strongly advice you to learn modern OpenGL instead.
glFrustum(-100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0, 100.0, -100.0);
^ wat
glFrustum(GLdouble left, GLdouble right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble top, GLdouble nearVal, GLdouble farVal):
Parameters:
left, right:
Specify the coordinates for the left and right vertical clipping planes.
bottom, top:
Specify the coordinates for the bottom and top horizontal clipping planes.
nearVal, farVal:
Specify the distances to the near and far depth clipping planes.
Both distances must be positive.
Try something like 0.1 to 100.0:
glFrustum(-100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0, 0.1, 100.0);
My openGL application draws the circle as an oval instead of a circle. My code is:
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0.0f, 800, 0.0f, 400, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glColor3f(255.0, 255.0, 255.0);
drawRect(racket_left_x, racket_left_y, racket_width, racket_height);
drawRect(racket_right_x, racket_right_y, racket_width,
racket_height);
glPopMatrix();
// drawBall();
//drawBall2();
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
drawBall();
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
How can I fix this?
I've tried changing the glMatrixModes but that doesn't seems to work. Thanks.
The projection matrix transforms all vertex data from the eye coordinates to the clip coordinates.
Then, these clip coordinates are also transformed to the normalized device coordinates (NDC) by dividing with w component of the clip coordinates.
The normalized device coordinates is in range (-1, -1, -1) to (1, 1, 1).
With the orthographic projection, the eye space coordinates are linearly mapped to the NDC.
The orthographic projection can be set up by glOrtho. If you want to set up a projection that allows you to draw in window size scales, then you have to do it like this:
int wndWidth = 800;
int wndHeight = 400;
glOrtho( 0.0, (float)wndWidth, 0.0, (float)wndHeight, -1.0, 1.0 );
If the viewport is rectangular this has to be considerd by mapping the coordinates.
float aspect = (float)widht/height;
glOrtho(-aspect, aspect, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
You set up a proper window size projection matrix before you draw the rectangles (drawRect)
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0.0f, 800, 0.0f, 400, 0.0f, 1.0f);
.....
drawRect( ..... );
But you "clear" the projection matrix and do not care about the aspect of the view before you draw the circle (drawBall).
Change your code somehow like this:
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
float aspect = 800.0f/400.0f;
glOrtho(-aspect, aspect, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
drawBall();
By the way, while glPushMatrix push an element to the matrix stack, glPopMatrix pop an element from the matrix stack. In OpenGL there is one matrix stack for each matrix mode (See glMatrixMode). The matrix modes are GL_MODELVIEW, GL_PROJECTION, and GL_TEXTURE and all matrix operations, are applied to the matrix stack you have specified by glMatrixMode.
This means the both glPopMatrix instructions at the end of your code snippet should not be there.
I want to draw a cylinder using gluQuadric and gluCylinder.
This cylinder shall be textured.
My draw code is the following:
pTexture->Enable();
pTexture->Bind();
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
gluQuadricOrientation(quadric, GLU_OUTSIDE);
gluQuadricNormals(quadric, true);
gluQuadricTexture(quadric, true);
gluCylinder(quadric, getRadius(), getRadius(), getHeight(), 16, 1);
glPopMatrix();
pTexture->Unbind();
pTexture->Disable();
My problem with this is now, that the texture is rotated 90 degrees. How can I rotate the uv-mapping of the quadric?
The texture is used in other places and thus cannot be edited.
In addition to the more widely used GL_MODELVIEW and GL_PROJECTION matrix stacks, there is also a GL_TEXTURE matrix stack that can be used to apply transformations to texture coordinates. For example, this will rotate the texture coordinates by 90 degrees:
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
Since texture coordinates are normally in a [0.0, 1.0] x [0.0, 1.0] unit square, using only this might have undesired side effects. The rotation is counter-clockwise around the origin, so our unit square will be rotated to a square with an extent of [-1.0, 0.0] x [0.0, 1.0]. So in addition to the rotation, the square was shifted by (0.0, -1.0). This is harmless if the wrap mode is GL_REPEAT, but would bad when using a wrap mode like GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE. We can correct for this by applying a translation in the opposite direction after the rotation (remember that the transformation specified last is the one applied first):
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glTranslatef(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
Also, depending on what orientation your image is, you may have to rotate by -90 degrees instead. In this case, the unit square with extent [0.0, 1.0] x [0.0, 1.0] will be rotated into a square with extent [0.0, 1.0] x [-1.0, 0.0]. Applying the same type of corrective translation for this case, we end up with:
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glTranslatef(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(-90.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
I have a problem with this openGL code:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix(); // put current matrix on stack
//glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//glTranslatef(-4*1.5, 0.0, 4*1.5);
glRotatef(rotationAngle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // rotate the robot on its y-axis
glTranslatef(xpos, ypos, zpos);
DrawRobot(xpos, ypos, zpos); // draw the robot
glPopMatrix();
What should I do to make my robot turn around the point at which it is currently situated and not around the origin? I think the problem lies in this snippet.
Example of rotating an object around its centre along the z-axis:
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(250,250,0.0); // 3. Translate to the object's position.
glRotatef(angle,0.0,0.0,1.0); // 2. Rotate the object.
glTranslatef(-250,-250,0.0); // 1. Translate to the origin.
// Draw the object
glPopMatrix();
Simply do the rotation after the translation. The order matters.
glTranslatef(xpos, ypos, zpos);
glRotatef(rotationAngle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
try rotating after translation:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix(); // put current matrix on stack
//glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//glTranslatef(-4*1.5, 0.0, 4*1.5);
glTranslatef(xpos, ypos, zpos);
glRotatef(rotationAngle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // rotate the robot on its y-axis
DrawRobot(xpos, ypos, zpos); // draw the robot
glPopMatrix();
Use this
house();
glTranslatef(x, y, 0.0); // 3. Translate back to original
glRotatef(theta, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // 2. Rotate the object around angle
glTranslatef(-m, -n, 0.0); // 1. Move to origin
house();
where m and n are the point on the object around which you want to rotate and
x and y are the points around which you want to rotate.
I've got a small scene with a loaded mesh, a ground plane and a skybox. I am generating a cube, and using the vertex positions as the cubemap texture co-ordinates.
Horizontal rotation (about the y-axis) works perfectly and the world movement is aligned with the skybox. Vertical rotation (about the camera's x-axis) doesn't seem to match up with the movement of the other objects, except that the strange thing is that when the camera is looking at the center of a cube face, everything seems aligned. In other words, the movement is non-linear and I'll try my best to illustrate the effect with some images:
First, the horizontal movement which as far as I can tell is correct:
Facing forward:
Facing left at almost 45Deg:
Facing left at 90Deg:
And now the vertical movement which seems to have some discrepancy in movement:
Facing forward again:
Notice the position of the ground plane in relation to the skybox in this image. I rotated slightly left to make it more apparent that the Sun is being obscured when it shouldn't.
Facing slightly down:
Finally, a view straight up to show the view is correctly centered on the (skybox) cube face.
Facing straight up:
Here's my drawing code, with the ground plane and mesh drawing omitted for brevity. (Note that the cube in the center is a loaded mesh, and isn't generated by the same function for the skybox).
void MeshWidget::draw() {
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(-rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][1], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(-rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][0], 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(-rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][2], 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glUseProgramObjectARB(shader_prog_ids_[2]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, SkyBoxVBOID);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vec3), BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, SkyIndexVBOID);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
glUseProgramObjectARB(shader_prog_ids_[0]);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glPopMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f + zoom_factor_);
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][0], 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][1], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_CAMERA][2], 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glPushMatrix();
// Transform light to be relative to world, not camera.
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_LIGHT][1], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_LIGHT][0], 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(rot_[MOVE_LIGHT][2], 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
float lightpos[] = {10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightpos);
glPopMatrix();
if (show_ground_) {
// Draw ground...
}
glPushMatrix();
// Transform and draw mesh...
glPopMatrix();
}
And finally, here's the GLSL code for the skybox, which generates the texture co-ordinates:
Vertex shader:
void main()
{
vec4 vVertex = vec4(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_TexCoord[0].xyz = normalize(vVertex).xyz;
gl_TexCoord[0].w = 1.0;
gl_TexCoord[0].x = -gl_TexCoord[0].x;
gl_Position = gl_Vertex;
}
Fragment shader:
uniform samplerCube cubeMap;
void main()
{
gl_FragColor = texture(cubeMap, gl_TexCoord[0]);
}
I'd also like to know if using quaternions for all camera and object rotations would help.
If you need any more information (or images), please ask!
I think you should be generating your skybox texture lookup based on a worldspace vector (gl_Vertex?) not a view space vector (vVertex).
I'm assuming your skybox coordinates are already defined in worldspace as I don't see a model matrix transform before drawing it (only the camera rotations). In that case, you should be sampling the skybox texture based on the worldspace position of a vertex, it doesn't need to be transformed by the camera. You're already translating the vertex by the camera, you shouldn't need to translate the lookup vector as well.
Try replacing normalize(vVertex) with normalize(gl_Vertex) and see if that improves things.
Also I might get rid of the x = -x thing, I suspect that was put in to compensate for the fact that the texture was rotating in the wrong direction originally?
I'd also like to know if using quaternions for all camera and object rotations would help.
Help how? It doesn't offer any new functionality over using matrices. I've heard arguments both ways as to whether matrixes or quaternions have better performance, but I see no need to use them.