Trying to build a regular expression to check pattern - regex

Question

a) Start and end with a number
b) Hyphen should start and end with a number
c) Comma should start and end with a number
d) Range of number should be from 1-31
[Edit: Need this rule in the regex, thanks Ed-Heal!]
e) If a number starts with a hyphen (-), it cannot end with any other character other than a comma AND follow all rules listed above.
E.g. 2-2,1 OR 2,2-1 is valid while 1-1-1-1 is not valid
E.g.
a) 1-5,5,15-29
b) 1,28,1-31,15
c) 15,25,3 [Edit: Replaced 56 with 3, thanks for pointing it out Brian!]
d) 1-24,5-6,2-9
Tried this but it passes even if the string starts with a comma:
/^[0-9]*(?:-[0-9]+)*(?:,[0-9]+)*$/

Answer 1

How about this? This will check rules a, b and c, at least, but does not check rule d.
/^[0-9]+(-[0-9]+)?(,[0-9]+(-[0-9]+)?)*$/
If you need to ensure that all the numbers are in the range 1-31, then the expression will get a whole lot uglier:
/^([1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])(-([1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]))?(,([1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])(-([1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]))?)*$/
Note that your example c contains a number, 56, that does not fall within the range 1-31, so it will not pass the second expression.

Answer 2

try this
^\d+(-\d+)?(,\d+(-\d+)?)*$
DEMO

Answer 3

Here is my workings
Numbers:
0|([1-9][0-9]*) call this expression A Note this expression treats zero as a special case and prevents numbers starting with a zero eg 0000001234
Number or a range:
A|(A-A) call this expression B (i.e (0|([1-9][0-9]*))|((0|([1-9][0-9]*))-(0|([1-9][0-9]*)))
Comma operator
B(,B)*
Putting this togher should do the trick and we get
((0|([1-9][0-9]*))|((0|([1-9][0-9]*))-(0|([1-9][0-9]*))))(,((0|([1-9][0-9]*))|((0|([1-9][0-9]*))-(0|([1-9][0-9]*)))))*
You can abbreviatge this with \d for [0-9]

Answer 4

The other approaches have not restricted the allowed range of numbers. This allows 1 through 31 only, and seems simpler than some of the monstrosities people have come up with ...
^([12][0-9]?|3[01]?|[4-9])([-,]([12][0-9]?|3[01]?|[4-9]))*$
There is no check for sensible ranges; adding that would make the expression significantly more complex. In the end you might be better off with a simpler regex and implementing sanity checks in code.

Answer 5

I propose the following regex:
(?<number>[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01]){0}(?<thing>\g<number>-\g<number>|\g<number>){0}^(\g<thing>,)*\g<thing>$
It looks awful but it isn't :) In fact the construction (?<name>...){0} allows us to define a named regex and to say that it doesn't match where it is defined. Thus I defined a pattern for numbers called number and a pattern for what I called a thing i.e. a range or number called thing. Next I know that your expression is a sequence of those things, so I use the named regex thing to build it with the construct \g<thing>. It gives (\g<thing>,)*\g<thing>. That's easy to read and understand. If you allow whitespaces to be non significant in your regex, you could even indent it like this:
(?<number>[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01]){0}
(?<thing>\g<number>-\g<number>|\g<number>){0}
^(\g<thing>,)*\g<thing>$/
I tested it with Ruby 1.9.2. Your regex engine should support named groups to allow that kind of clarity.
irb(main):001:0> s1 = '1-5,5,15-29'
=> "1-5,5,15-29"
irb(main):002:0> s2 = '1,28,1-31,15'
=> "1,28,1-31,15"
irb(main):003:0> s3 = '15,25,3'
=> "15,25,3"
irb(main):004:0> s4 = '1-24,5-6,2-9'
=> "1-24,5-6,2-9"
irb(main):005:0> r = /(?<number>[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01]){0}(?<thing>\g<number>-\g<number>|\g<number>){0}^(\g<thing>,)*\g<thing>$/
=> /(?<number>[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01]){0}(?<thing>\g<number>-\g<number>|\g<number>){0}^(\g<thing>,)*\g<thing>$/
irb(main):006:0> s1.match(r)
=> #<MatchData "1-5,5,15-29" number:"29" thing:"15-29">
irb(main):007:0> s2.match(r)
=> #<MatchData "1,28,1-31,15" number:"15" thing:"15">
irb(main):008:0> s3.match(r)
=> #<MatchData "15,25,3" number:"3" thing:"3">
irb(main):009:0> s4.match(r)
=> #<MatchData "1-24,5-6,2-9" number:"9" thing:"2-9">
irb(main):010:0> '1-1-1-1'.match(r)
=> nil

Answer 6

Using the same logic in my previous answer but limiting the range
A becomes [1-9]\d|3[01]
B becomes ([1-9]\d|3[01])|(([1-9]\d|3[01])-([1-9]\d|3[01]))
Overall expression
(([12]\d|3[01])|(([12]\d|3[01])-([12]\d|3[01])))(,(([12]\d|3[01])|(([12]\d|3[01])-([12]\d|3[01]))))*

Answer 7

An optimal Regex for this topic could be:
^(?'int'[1-2]?[1-9]|3[01])((,\g'int')|(-\g'int'(?=$|,)))*$
demo