When I use command "gcc .. ../../*.so", there are the following error messages:
/usr/bin/ld: /home/demonwnb/build/src/*.so: error: undefined reference to 'llvm::raw_ostream::operator<<(void const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/demonwnb/build/src/*.so: error: undefined reference to 'clang::DeclarationName::printName(llvm::raw_ostream&) const'
I think that I do not link "llvm library" correctly, so how should I do?
You need to tell your compiler where to load the libraries from, which can be done using the llvm-config command.
You could set the following symbols in your makefile
CC = g++
LLVM_MODULES = core jit native
CPPFLAGS = `llvm-config --cppflags $(LLVM_MODULES)`
LDFLAGS = `llvm-config --ldflags $(LLVM_MODULES)`
LIBS = `llvm-config --libs $(LLVM_MODULES)`
all:
$(CC) *.o $(LDFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o MyOutput
main:
find -name '*.cpp' -print0 | xargs -0 $(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS)
Did you try using g++ to do the link? Those are C++ libraries and gcc doesn't pass the C++ libraries to the linker.
Related
There are a couple similar problems to this but they all seem to have answers that don't work.
I've installed opencv4 onto an image of Ubuntu and I know the opencv files are install correctly
$ pkg-config --cflags opencv
-I/usr/include/opencv
and have a proper .cp file
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig$ ls
gpr.pc grpc++.pc grpc++_unsecure.pc protobuf-lite.pc
grpc.pc grpc_unsecure.pc opencv4.pc protobuf.pc
But even though it's all installed correctly it's giving me this error.
~/neuralink/neuralink-image-service-prompt/proto$ make g++ -std=c++11 `pkg-config --cflags opencv protobuf grpc` -L/usr/local/lib `pkg-config --libs opencv protobuf grpc++` -Wl,--no-as-needed -lgrpc++_reflection -Wl,--as-needed -ldl foo.cpp -o foo
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `main':
foo.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `cv::imread(cv::String const&, int)'
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `cv::String::String(char const*)':
foo.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv6StringC2EPKc[_ZN2cv6StringC5EPKc]+0x4d): undefined reference to `cv::String::allocate(unsigned long)'
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `cv::String::~String()':
foo.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv6StringD2Ev[_ZN2cv6StringD5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `cv::String::deallocate()'
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `cv::String::operator=(cv::String const&)':
foo.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv6StringaSERKS0_[_ZN2cv6StringaSERKS0_]+0x28): undefined reference to `cv::String::deallocate()'
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `cv::Mat::~Mat()':
foo.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatD2Ev[_ZN2cv3MatD5Ev]+0x39): undefined reference to `cv::fastFree(void*)'
/tmp/ccnfoOEl.o: In function `cv::Mat::release()':
foo.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv[_ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv]+0x4b): undefined reference to `cv::Mat::deallocate()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
<builtin>: recipe for target 'foo' failed
make: *** [foo] Error 1
Some people have already tried answering similar questions (such as Undefined reference to cv::imread(cv::String const&, int) and linking opencv libraries with g++) however these don't help, as the user didn't add opencv to their makefile and I have.
Here is my make makefile
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib `pkg-config --libs opencv protobuf grpc++`\
-Wl,--no-as-needed -lgrpc++_reflection -Wl,--as-needed\
-ldl
CXX = g++
CPPFLAGS += `pkg-config --cflags opencv protobuf grpc`
CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11
GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN = grpc_cpp_plugin
GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_PATH ?= `which $(GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN)`
all: foo
client: image.pb.o image.grpc.pb.o client.o
$(CXX) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $#
server: image.pb.o image.grpc.pb.o server.o
$(CXX) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $#
%.grpc.pb.cc: %.proto
protoc --grpc_out=. --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=$(GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_PATH) $<
%.pb.cc: %.proto
protoc --cpp_out=. $<
clean:
rm -f *.o *.pb.cc *.pb.h client server
And I wrote a simple program that still throws the error
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
cv::Mat frame = cv::imread("sylvania.png", cv::IMREAD_UNCHANGED);
printf("Image size is %i x %i\n", frame.rows, frame.cols);
}
Everything seems to compile fine but I keep getting this linker issue. I don't seem to get the issue when I compile it on another computer (my mac) for what it's worth. Also I have the gRPC and Protoc files because I need them for the project, I just didn't use those file as an example since they're quite long.
I agree with Micka, here is a Makefile of one of my projects:
CPPFLAGS=-g -Wall -I. -DDEBUG
LDFLAGS=-g
LDLIBS=-lopencv_core -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_video
main: main.o AffineKalmanLP.o
g++ $(LDFLAGS) -o main main.o AffineKalmanLP.o $(LDLIBS)
main.o: main.cpp main.h
g++ $(CPPFLAGS) -c main.cpp
AffineKalmanLP.o: AffineKalmanLP.cpp AffineKalmanLP.h
g++ $(CPPFLAGS) -c AffineKalmanLP.cpp
clean:
rm main main.o AffineKalmanLP.o
You need to add it to LDLIBS.
If I remove that line, I get undefined reference for various things as well.
I am creating client-server application, using gRPC. So far I was not using TLS encryption. Now I want to enable it, and strangely I get this error. It seems, at least to me, that this is a linker error. What would be best ways to solve it?
CLion doesn't highlight anything, so I assumed everything was syntactically OK, but when compiling I got that error.
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/projectname.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `grpc::SslServerCredentials(grpc::SslServerCredentialsOptions const&)':
/home/username/projectname/third_party/grpc/include/grpcpp/security/server_credentials.h:60: undefined reference to `grpc_impl::SslServerCredentials(grpc::SslServerCredentialsOptions const&)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
This is a makefile that I use to generate C++ code from gRPC specification:
HOST_SYSTEM = $(shell uname | cut -f 1 -d_)
SYSTEM ?= $(HOST_SYSTEM)
CXX = g++
CPPFLAGS += `pkg-config --cflags protobuf grpc`
CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11
ifeq ($(SYSTEM),Darwin)
LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib `pkg-config --libs protobuf grpc++`\
-lgrpc++_reflection\
-ldl
else
LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib `pkg-config --libs protobuf grpc++`\
-Wl,--no-as-needed -lgrpc++_reflection -Wl,--as-needed\
-ldl
endif
PROTOC = protoc
GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN = grpc_cpp_plugin
GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_PATH ?= `which $(GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN)`
PROTOS_PATH = ./
vpath %.proto $(PROTOS_PATH)
%.grpc.pb.cc: %.proto
$(PROTOC) -I $(PROTOS_PATH) --grpc_out=. --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=$(GRPC_CPP_PLUGIN_PATH) $<
%.pb.cc: %.proto
$(PROTOC) -I $(PROTOS_PATH) --cpp_out=. $<
clean:
rm -f *.o *.pb.cc *.pb.h
Then problem was solved like this:
I had to chage grpc++_unsecure to grpc++ under target_link_libraries in CMakeLists.txt cmake build configuration file.
I had forgotten/not thought about this at first.
target_link_libraries(bita_server
pqxx
sodium
protobuf::libprotobuf
# grpc++_unsecure
grpc++
SQLiteCpp
sqlite3
pthread
dl
${_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF}
)
In CMakeLists.txt under grpc folder, there are many target_link_libraries. which one to edit in order to include the change.
I'm trying to compile a C++ program that utilizes sqlite3. I'm using this makefile:
CXX = g++
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -c -O2
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -O3 -std=c++11
SQLFLAGS = -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0
OUTPUTBIN = bot
OUTPUTDIR = ./bin/
MKDIR = mkdir -p $(OUTPUTDIR)
OBJECTC = sqlite3.o
CSOURCES = sqlite3.c
CXXSOURCES = main.cpp bot.cpp
all: project
project: createdir sql compilecpp
createdir:
$(MKDIR)
sql:
$(CC) $(CSOURCES) $(SQLFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -o $(OUTPUTDIR)$(OBJECTC)
compilecpp:
$(CXX) $(OUTPUTDIR)$(OBJECTC) $(CXXSOURCES) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $(OUTPUTDIR)$(OUTPUTBIN)
But outputs these errors:
akf#akf-v5 ~/Documents/Proletarian/c++ $ make
mkdir -p ./bin/
gcc sqlite3.c -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 -c -O2 -o ./bin/sqlite3.o
g++ ./bin/sqlite3.o main.cpp bot.cpp -Wall -O3 -std=c++11 -o ./bin/bot
./bin/sqlite3.o: In function `unixDlError':
sqlite3.c:(.text+0x170f4): undefined reference to `dlerror'
./bin/sqlite3.o: In function `unixDlClose':
sqlite3.c:(.text+0x5de9): undefined reference to `dlclose'
./bin/sqlite3.o: In function `unixDlSym':
sqlite3.c:(.text+0x5e01): undefined reference to `dlsym'
./bin/sqlite3.o: In function `unixDlOpen':
sqlite3.c:(.text+0x5e21): undefined reference to `dlopen'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [compilecpp] Error 1
I'm extremely confused as to what's causing this. I can see that sqlite3 is a C program, but I didn't think it would cause any issues.
The error messages tell that dlerror, dlclose, dlsym and dlopenare used but can't be found. Those functions are part of the dynamic link loader. You have to link the dynamic linker, too. Add -ldl to your link flags. See also dlopen manpage for your system.
A bit late, but - the simplest possible Makefile:
all: sqlite3
sqlite3: sqlite3.o shell.o
gcc sqlite3.o shell.o -lpthread -ldl -o sqlite3
sqlite3.o: sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
gcc -c sqlite3.c -lpthread -ldl -o sqlite3.o
shell.o: shell.c
gcc -c shell.c -lpthread -o shell.o
clean:
rm *.o
rm sqlite3
I'm following this SDL tutorial to try and make use of some SDL extension libraries. My code is identical to theirs but I am still unable to make the file which leads me to believe the problem is in my makefile which looks like this:
CXX = g++
# Update these paths to match your installation
# You may also need to update the linker option rpath, which sets where to look for
# the SDL2 libraries at runtime to match your install
SDL_LIB = -L/usr/local/lib -lSDL2 -Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib, -lSDL2_image
SDL_INCLUDE = -I/usr/local/include
# You may need to change -std=c++11 to -std=c++0x if your compiler is a bit older
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -c -std=c++11 $(SDL_INCLUDE)
LDFLAGS = $(SDL_LIB)
EXE = SDL_Lesson3
all: $(EXE)
$(EXE): main.o
$(CXX) $< $(LDFLAGS) -o $#
main.o: main.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $#
clean:
rm *.o && rm $(EXE)
That makefile worked fine for previous examples. The only thing that has changed in this example is line 5 where I added -lSDL2_image as per the tutorial. When I try make the file I get the following traceback:
rony#comet:~/Documents/cpp/helloworld/lesson3$ make
g++ main.o -L/usr/local/lib -lSDL2 -Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib, -lSDL2_image -o SDL_Lesson3
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find : No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [SDL_Lesson3] Error 1
Is there an error with my makefile? Have I not installed the library correctly?
The problem is this rogue comma:
SDL_LIB = -L/usr/local/lib -lSDL2 -Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib, -lSDL2_image
^
causing the linker to look for libraries in a non-existent directory with an empty name, as well as /usr/local/lib. Removing the comma should fix it.
I have a directory named FOO which has X.a and X.so . I want to choose only X.a.
So in my makefile I am using the following to link it
EXE: OBJ.o
g++ -L/PATH/TO/FOO -o $# $< -static -lX
But when I do that, I get the following error
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lm
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
How should this be done properly. One way is to give abs path of X.a. Is there some other way?
Try this:
EXE: OBJ.o
g++ -L/PATH/TO/FOO -o $# $< -Wl,-Bstatic -lX -Wl,-Bdynamic
If I'm reading the documentation for ld correctly, you don't have to specify the absolute path, but you can specify a library using its full name as such:
EXE: OBJ.o
g++ -L/PATH/TO/FOO -o $# $< -l:X.a