Overloading with similar conversions - c++

Given these two functions :
bool logMessage(LogType_E, unsigned int, int, const char *, ...); //!< Log message with parameters
bool logMessage(LogType_E, int, const char *, ...); //!< Logs message with domain of Log class
And calling one of them :
A3D_LOG_INSTANCE.logMessage(Log::LOG_INFO, 0, "Number = %d", 10);
Error 1 error C2666: 'AX::Base::Log::logMessage' : 2 overloads have
similar
conversions o:\AX_FusRecAlg\src\base\test.u\LogSimpleFileTest\LogSimpleFileTest.cpp 50 AX.Base.LogSimpleFileTest
Could someone explain to me in plain English why this error occurs and possibly offer an alternative? I don't understand how the function which has 3 arguments before the char* matches with the function which has two arguments?!
Thanks.
Edit :
Since some of you are wondering that I am hiding information :
The function signature cannot be changed. No templates can be used. Just an explanation of why this error occurs would suffice.
enum LogType_E {
LOG_ERROR = 0, //!< error
LOG_WARNING = 1, //!< warning
LOG_SUCCESS = 2, //!< success
LOG_INFO = 3, //!< info
LOG_TRACE = 4, //!< trace message if tracing is enabled
LOG_TRACE1 = 5, //!< trace level 1
LOG_TRACE2 = 6, //!< trace level 2
LOG_TRACE3 = 7, //!< trace level 3
LOG_TRACE4 = 8 //!< trace level 4
};
bool logMessage(LogType_E, unsigned int, int, const char *, ...)
{
return true;
}
bool logMessage(LogType_E, int, const char *, ...)
{
return true;
}
int main()
{
logMessage(LOG_TRACE, 0, 0, "Teststring 2");
return 0;
}
Copy and paste above code into a .cpp file and run it or click here.

This is normal behaviour. From your example:
logMessage(LOG_TRACE, 0, 0, "Teststring 2");
Second parameter can be both, int and unsigned int.
You will have to make explicit cast to make it work.
For example:
logMessage(LOG_TRACE, (unsigned int)0, 0, "Teststring 2");

Related

Microsoft C++ Native Test Fails Assert::AreSame even when values are the same

I'm running a test with microsoft native unit testing framework (that comes with vs2019) and it fails with this message: Assert failed. Expected:<1> Actual:<1>
Here is the test code:
TEST_METHOD(memory_copy)
{
int ref[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
int src[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
int dest[10];
test::memory_copy<int>(src, dest, 10);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Assert::AreSame(src[i], ref[i]);
Assert::AreSame(dest[i], ref[i]);
}
};
Note: memory_copy<>() copies memory from one pointer to another, just like std::memcpy()
Does anyone have an idea what may be the issue here?
Assert::AreSame() checks whether the inputs refer to the same object; it does not compare the values.
The implementation of the function (from CppUnitTestAssert.h) is as follows:
template<typename T> static void AreSame(const T& expected, const T& actual, const wchar_t* message = NULL, const __LineInfo* pLineInfo = NULL)
{
FailOnCondition(&expected == &actual, EQUALS_MESSAGE(expected, actual, message), pLineInfo);
}
What you can see here, is that it's comparing memory addresses, as opposed to the contents. Assert::AreEqual, on the other hand, compares the objects for equality.
template<typename T> static void AreEqual(const T& expected, const T& actual, const wchar_t* message = NULL, const __LineInfo* pLineInfo = NULL)
{
FailOnCondition(expected == actual, EQUALS_MESSAGE(expected, actual, message), pLineInfo);
}
It turns out that Assert::AreSame() doesn't do what I expected it to do. By changing it to Assert::AreEqual() I've solved the issue. More info here:
Microsoft Documentation on AreEqual()

Elegantly attempt to execute various functions a specific way

I'm attempting to execute various functions sequentially n number of times, only moving forward if previous function did not return false (error) otherwise I reset and start all over again.
An example of a sequence would be :
Turn module ON : module.power(true), 3 attempts
Wait for a signal : module.signal(), 10 attempts
Send a message : module.sendSMS('test'), 3 attempts
Turn module OFF : module.power(false), 1 attempt
Each of those actions are done the same way, only changing the DEBUG text and the function to launch :
DEBUG_PRINT("Powering ON"); // This line changes
uint8_t attempts = 0;
uint8_t max_attempts = 3; // max_attempts changes
while(!module.power(true) && attempts < max_attempts){ // This line changes
attempts++;
DEBUG_PRINT(".");
if(attempts == max_attempts) {
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Failed.");
soft_reset(); // Start all over again
}
delay(100);
}
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Success");
wdt_reset(); // Reset watchdog timer, ready for next action
Is there an elegant way I can put this process in a function I could call to execute the required functions this particular way, for example something like :
void try_this_action(description, function, n_attempts)
Which would make actions 1-4 above like :
try_this_action("Powering ON", module.power(true), 3);
try_this_action("Waiting for signal", module.signal(), 10);
try_this_action("Sending SMS", module.sendSMS('test'), 3);
try_this_action("Powering OFF", module.power(false), 1);
A difficulty I have is that the functions called have different syntax (some take parameters, some other don't...). Is there a more elegant modulable way of doing this besides copy/paste the chunck of code everywhere I need it ?
A difficulty I have is that the functions called have different syntax
(some take parameters, some other don't...).
That is indeed an issue. Along with it you have the possibility of variation in actual function arguments for the same function.
Is there a more elegant
modulable way of doing this besides copy/paste the chunck of code
everywhere I need it ?
I think you could make a variadic function that uses specific knowledge of the functions to dispatch in order to deal with the differing function signatures and actual arguments. I'm doubtful that I would consider the result more elegant, though.
I would be inclined to approach this job via a macro, instead:
// desc: a descriptive string, evaluated once
// action: an expression to (re)try until it evaluates to true in boolean context
// attempts: the maximum number of times the action will be evaluated, itself evaluated once
#define try_this_action(desc, action, attempts) do { \
int _attempts = (attempts); \
DEBUG_PRINT(desc); \
while(_attempts && !(action)) { \
_attempts -= 1; \
DEBUG_PRINT("."); \
delay(100); \
} \
if (_attempts) { \
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Success"); \
} else { \
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Failed."); \
soft_reset(); \
} \
wdt_reset(); \
} while (0)
Usage would be just as you described:
try_this_action("Powering ON", module.power(true), 3);
etc.. Although the effect is as if you did insert the code for each action in each spot, using a macro such as this would yield code that is much easier to read, and that is not lexically repetitive. Thus, for example, if you ever need to change the the steps for trying actions, you can do it once for all by modifying the macro.
You need to make the function pointers all have the same signature. I would use something like this;
typedef int(*try_func)(void *arg);
And have a try_this_action(...) signature similar to the following;
void try_this_action(char * msg, int max_trys, try_func func, void *arg)
You would then implement your actions similar to this;
int power(void *pv)
{
int *p = pv;
int on_off = *p;
static int try = 0;
if (on_off && try++)
return 1;
return 0;
}
int signal(void *pv)
{
static int try = 0;
if (try++ > 6)
return 1;
return 0;
}
And call them like this;
int main(int c, char *v[])
{
int on_off = 1;
try_this_action("Powering ON", 3, power, &on_off);
try_this_action("Signaling", 10, signal, 0);
}
Functions of different arity may be abstracted with a generic signature (think about main). Instead of each giving each their own unique arguments, you simply supply them all with:
An argument count.
A vector of pointers to the arguments.
This is how your operating system treats all programs it runs anyways. I've given a very basic example below which you can inspect.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Define total function count */
#define MAX_FUNC 2
/* Generic function signature */
typedef void (*func)(int, void **, const char *);
/* Function pointer array (NULL - initialized) */
func functions[MAX_FUNC];
/* Example function #1 */
void printName (int argc, void **argv, const char *desc) {
fprintf(stdout, "Running: %s\n", desc);
if (argc != 1 || argv == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Err in %s!\n", desc);
return;
}
const char *name = (const char *)(argv[0]);
fprintf(stdout, "Name: %s\n", name);
}
/* Example function #2 */
void printMax (int argc, void **argv, const char *desc) {
fprintf(stdout, "Running: %s\n", desc);
if (argc != 2 || argv == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Err in %s!\n", desc);
return;
}
int *a = (int *)(argv[0]), *b = (int *)(argv[1]);
fprintf(stdout, "Max: %d\n", (*a > *b) ? *a : *b);
}
int main (void) {
functions[0] = printName; // Set function #0
functions[1] = printMax; // Set function #1
int f_arg_count[2] = {1, 2}; // Function 0 takes 1 argument, function 1 takes 2.
const char *descs[2] = {"printName", "printMax"};
const char *name = "Natasi"; // Args of function 0
int a = 2, b = 3; // Args of function 1
int *args[2] = {&a, &b}; // Args of function 1 in an array.
void **f_args[2] = {(void **)(&name),
(void **)(&args)}; // All function args.
// Invoke all functions.
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_FUNC; i++) {
func f = functions[i];
const char *desc = descs[i];
int n = f_arg_count[i];
void **args = f_args[i];
f(n, args, desc);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
You can use a variadic function, declaring in the parameter list first those parameters that are always present, then the variable part.
In following code we define a type for action functions, void returning having as parameter an argument list:
typedef void (*action)(va_list);
Then define the generic action routine that prepare for the action execution:
void try_this_action(char *szActionName, int trials, action fn_action, ...)
{
va_list args;
va_start(args, fn_action); //Init the argument list
DEBUG_PRINT(szActionName); // This line changes
uint8_t attempts = 0;
uint8_t max_attempts = trials; // max_attempts changes
//Here we call our function through the pointer passed as argument
while (!fn_action(args) && attempts < max_attempts)
{ // This line changes
attempts++;
DEBUG_PRINT(".");
if (attempts == max_attempts)
{
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Failed.");
soft_reset(); // Start all over again
}
delay(100);
}
DEBUG_PRINTLN(" - Success");
wdt_reset(); // Reset watchdog timer, ready for next action
va_end(args);
}
Each function must be coded to use an argument list:
int power(va_list args)
{
//First recover all our arguments using the va_arg macro
bool cond = va_arg(args, bool);
if (cond == true)
{
... //do something
return true;
}
return false;
}
The usage will be:
try_this_action("Powering ON", 3, module.power, true);
try_this_action("Waiting for signal", 10, module.signal);
try_this_action("Sending SMS", 3, module.sendSMS, "test");
try_this_action("Powering OFF", 1, module.power, false);
If you need more info on variadic functions and usage of stdarg.h macros google the net. Start from here https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/variadic.
It could be coded also as a macro implementation, as the excellent proposal in the John Bollinger answer, but in that case you must consider that each macro usage will instantiate the whole code, that could be eventually even better for speed (avoiding a function call), but could be not suitable on systems with limited memory (embedded), or where you need reference to the function try_this_action (inexistent).

Rust bitfields and enumerations C++ style

I'm a Rust beginner which comes from C/C++. To start off I tried to create a simple "Hello-World" like program for Microsoft Windows using user32.MessageBox where I stumbled upon a problem related to bitfields. Disclaimer: All code snippets were written in the SO editor and might contain errors.
MessageBox "Hello-World" in C
The consolidated C declarations needed to call the UTF-16LE version of the function are:
enum MessageBoxResult {
IDFAILED,
IDOK,
IDCANCEL,
IDABORT,
IDRETRY,
IDIGNORE,
IDYES,
IDNO,
IDTRYAGAIN = 10,
IDCONTINUE
};
enum MessageBoxType {
// Normal enumeration values.
MB_OK,
MB_OKCANCEL,
MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE,
MB_YESNOCANCEL,
MB_YESNO,
MB_RETRYCANCEL,
MB_CANCELTRYCONTINUE,
MB_ICONERROR = 0x10UL,
MB_ICONQUESTION = 0x20UL,
MB_ICONEXCLAMATION = 0x30UL,
MB_ICONINFORMATION = 0x40UL,
MB_DEFBUTTON1 = 0x000UL,
MB_DEFBUTTON2 = 0x100UL,
MB_DEFBUTTON3 = 0x200UL,
MB_DEFBUTTON4 = 0x300UL,
MB_APPLMODAL = 0x0000UL,
MB_SYSTEMMODAL = 0x1000UL,
MB_TASKMODAL = 0x2000UL,
// Flag values.
MB_HELP = 1UL << 14,
MB_SETFOREGROUND = 1UL << 16,
MB_DEFAULT_DESKTOP_ONLY = 1UL << 17,
MB_TOPMOST = 1UL << 18,
MB_RIGHT = 1UL << 19,
MB_RTLREADING = 1UL << 20,
MB_SERVICE_NOTIFICATION = 1UL << 21
};
MessageBoxResult __stdcall MessageBoxW(
HWND hWnd,
const wchar_t * lpText,
const wchar_t * lpCaption,
MessageBoxType uType
);
Usage:
MessageBoxType mbType = MB_YESNO | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_DEFBUTTON3 | MB_TOPMOST;
if ((mbType & 0x0F /* All bits for buttons */ == MB_YESNO) && (mbType & 0xF0 /* All bits for icons */ == MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) && (mbType & 0xF00 /* All bits for default buttons */ == MB_DEFBUTTON3) && (mbType & MB_TOPMOST != 0)) {
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Text", L"Title", mbType);
}
The MessageBoxType enumeration contains enumeration values and flag values. The problem with that is that MB_DEFBUTTON2 and MB_DEFBUTTON3 can be used together and "unexpectedly" result in MB_DEFBUTTON4. Also the access is quite error prone and ugly, I have to |, & and shift everything manually when checking for flags in the value.
MessageBox "Hello-World" in C++
In C++ the same enumeration can be cleverly put into a structure, which has the same size as the enumeration and makes the access way easier, safer and prettier. It makes use of bitfields - the layout of bitfields not defined by the C standard, but since I only want to use it for x86-Windows it is always the same, so I can rely on it.
enum class MessageBoxResult : std::uint32_t {
Failed,
Ok,
Cancel,
Abort,
Retry,
Ignore,
Yes,
No,
TryAgain = 10,
Continue
};
enum class MessageBoxButton : std::uint32_t {
Ok,
OkCancel,
AbortRetryIgnore,
YesNoCancel,
YesNo,
RetryCancel,
CancelTryContinue
};
enum class MessageBoxDefaultButton : std::uint32_t {
One,
Two,
Three,
Four
};
// Union so one can access all flags as a value and all boolean values separately.
union MessageBoxFlags {
enum class Flags : std::uint32_t {
None,
Help = 1UL << 0,
SetForeground = 1UL << 2,
DefaultDesktopOnly = 1UL << 3,
TopMost = 1UL << 4,
Right = 1UL << 5,
RtlReading = 1UL << 6,
ServiceNotification = 1UL << 7
};
// Flags::operator|, Flags::operator&, etc. omitted here.
Flags flags;
struct {
bool help : 1;
char _padding0 : 1;
bool setForeground : 1;
bool defaultDesktopOnly : 1;
bool topMost : 1;
bool right : 1;
bool rtlReading : 1;
bool serviceNotification : 1;
char _padding1 : 8;
char _padding2 : 8;
char _padding3 : 8;
};
constexpr MessageBoxFlags(const Flags flags = Flags::None)
: flags(flags) {}
};
enum class MessageBoxIcon : std::uint32_t {
None,
Stop,
Question,
Exclamation,
Information
};
enum class MessageBoxModality : std::uint32_t {
Application,
System,
Task
};
union MessageBoxType {
std::uint32_t value;
struct { // Used bits Minimum (Base 2) Maximum (Base 2) Min (Base 16) Max (Base 16)
MessageBoxButton button : 4; // 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.0000.XXXX 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.0000.0000 - 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.0000.0110 : 0x0000.0000 - 0x0000.0006
MessageBoxIcon icon : 4; // 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.XXXX.0000 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.0001.0000 - 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0000.0100.0000 : 0x0000.0010 - 0x0000.0040
MessageBoxDefaultButton defaultButton : 4; // 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.XXXX.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0001.0000.0000 - 0000.0000.0000.0000|0000.0011.0000.0000 : 0x0000.0100 - 0x0000.0300
MessageBoxModality modality : 2; // 0000.0000.0000.0000|00XX.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000.0000|0001.0000.0000.0000 - 0000.0000.0000.0000|0010.0000.0000.0000 : 0x0000.1000 - 0x0000.2000
MessageBoxFlags::Flags flags : 8; // 0000.0000.00XX.XXXX|XX00.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000.0000|0100.0000.0000.0000 - 0000.0000.0010.0000|0000.0000.0000.0000 : 0x0000.4000 - 0x0020.0000
std::uint32_t _padding0 : 10; // XXXX.XXXX.XX00.0000|0000.0000.0000.0000
};
MessageBoxType(
const MessageBoxButton button,
const MessageBoxIcon icon = MessageBoxIcon::None,
const MessageBoxDefaultButton defaultButton = MessageBoxDefaultButton::One,
const MessageBoxModality modality = MessageBoxModality::Application,
const MessageBoxFlags::Flags flags = MessageBoxFlags::Flags::None
) : button(button), icon(icon), defaultButton(defaultButton), modality(modality), flags(flags), _padding0(0) {}
MessageBoxType() : value(0) {}
};
MessageBoxResult __stdcall MessageBoxW(
HWND parentWindow,
const wchar_t * text,
const wchar_t * caption,
MessageBoxType type
);
Usage:
auto mbType = MessageBoxType(MessageBoxButton::YesNo, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton::Three, MessageBoxModality::Application, MessageBoxFlags::Flags::TopMost);
if (mbType.button == MessageBoxButton::YesNo && mbType.icon == MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation && mbType.defaultButton == MessageBoxDefaultButton::Three && mbType.flags.topMost) {
MessageBoxW(nullptr, L"Text", L"Title", mbType);
}
With this C++ version I can access flags as boolean values and have enumeration classes for the other types, all while it still being a simple std::uint32_t in memory. Now I struggled to implement this in Rust.
MessageBox "Hello-World" in Rust
#[repr(u32)]
enum MessageBoxResult {
Failed,
Ok,
Cancel,
Abort,
Retry,
Ignore,
Yes,
No,
TryAgain = 10,
Continue
}
#[repr(u32)]
enum MessageBoxButton {
Ok,
OkCancel,
AbortRetryIgnore,
YesNoCancel,
YesNo,
RetryCancel,
CancelTryContinue
}
#[repr(u32)]
enum MessageBoxDefaultButton {
One,
Two,
Three,
Four
}
#[repr(u32)]
enum MessageBoxIcon {
None,
Stop,
Question,
Exclamation,
Information
}
#[repr(u32)]
enum MessageBoxModality {
Application,
System,
Task
}
// MessageBoxFlags and MessageBoxType ?
I know about the WinApi crate which to my understanding is generated automatically from VC++-header files which doesn't help, because I will have the same problems as in C. I also saw the bitflags macro but it seems to me it doesn't handle this kind of "complexity".
How would I implement MessageBoxFlags and MessageBoxType in Rust, so I can access it in a nice (not necessarily the same) way as in my C++ implementation?
The bitfield crate #Boiethios mentioned is kind of what I wanted. I created my own first macro crate bitfield which allows me to write the following:
#[bitfield::bitfield(32)]
struct Styles {
#[field(size = 4)] button: Button,
#[field(size = 4)] icon: Icon,
#[field(size = 4)] default_button: DefaultButton,
#[field(size = 2)] modality: Modality,
style: Style
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone, bitfield::Flags)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum Style {
Help = 14,
Foreground = 16,
DefaultDesktopOnly,
TopMost,
Right,
RightToLeftReading,
ServiceNotification
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, bitfield::Field)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum Button {
Ok,
OkCancel,
AbortRetryIgnore,
YesNoCancel,
YesNo,
RetryCancel,
CancelTryContinue
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, bitfield::Field)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum DefaultButton {
One,
Two,
Three,
Four
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, bitfield::Field)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum Icon {
None,
Stop,
Question,
Exclamation,
Information
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, bitfield::Field)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum Modality {
Application,
System,
Task
}
I can then use the code like this:
// Verbose:
let styles = Styles::new()
.set_button(Button::CancelTryContinue)
.set_icon(Icon::Exclamation)
.set_style(Style::Foreground, true)
.set_style(Style::TopMost, true);
// Alternatively:
let styles = Styles::new() +
Button::CancelTryContinue +
Icon::Exclamation +
Style::Foreground +
Style::TopMost;
let result = user32::MessageBoxW(/* ... */, styles);

Function overloaded by bool and enum type is not differentiated while called using multiple ternary operator in C++

Got into an interesting problem while tried to call the overloaded function using conditional operator (just to avoid multiple if else condition)
class VirtualGpio
{
typedef enum
{
OUTPUT = 0xC7,
INPUT ,
DIRINVALID
}GpioDirection;
struct pinconfig
{
struct pinmap pin;
GpioPolarity plrty;
bool IsPullupCfgValid;
bool IsTriStCfgValid;
bool IsInputFilterValid;
GpioDirection dic;
gpiolistner fptr; // Callback function pointer on event change
};
};
class factory
{
public:
VirtualGpio *GetGpiofactory(VirtualGpio::pinconfig *cfg,VirtualGpio::GpioAccessTyp acc=VirtualGpio::Pin);
private:
int setCfgSetting(VirtualGpio::pinmap * const getpin, VirtualGpio::GpioDirection const data);
int setCfgSetting(VirtualGpio::pinmap * const getpin, bool const data);
};
int factory::setCfgSetting(VirtualGpio::pinmap * const getpin, VirtualGpio::GpioDirection const data)
{
cout << "It is a Direction overloaded" << endl;
}
int factory::setCfgSetting(VirtualGpio::pinmap * const getpin, bool const data)
{
cout << "It is a bool overloaded" << endl;
}
VirtualGpio* factory::GetGpiofactory(VirtualGpio::pinconfig *cfg,VirtualGpio::GpioAccessTyp acc)
{
VirtualGpio * io = new VirtualGpio();
printf("acc : 0x%X, pin : 0x%x, port : 0x%x\n",acc, cfg->pin.pinno, cfg->pin.portno);
printf("value of expression : 0x%x\n",((acc == VirtualGpio::Pin)? cfg->dic : ((cfg->dic == VirtualGpio::INPUT)?true :false))); <= this prints the right value
if(acc == VirtualGpio::Pin)
setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin,cfg->dic);
else if(cfg->dic == VirtualGpio::INPUT)
setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin,true);
else
setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin,false);
#if 0
if(setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin, ((acc == VirtualGpio::Pin)? cfg->dic : ((cfg->dic == VirtualGpio::INPUT)?true :false))) == ERROR)
{
printf("Error Setting the IO configuration for XRA\n");
}
else
printf("Set IO config successfully\n");
#endif
return io;
}
The commented part #if 0 in GetGpiofactory() is same as the above
multiple if-else-if-else block, but if I uncomment the #if0 part to #if
1, for all the possible inputs only bool version of the overloaded
function i.e setCfgSetting(VirtualGpio::pinmap * const getpin, bool
const data) is invoked.
below is my main code.
main()
{
static struct VirtualGpio::pinconfig cfg = {
.pin = {
.location = VirtualGpio::GPIO_ON_GPIOEXP1_TCI,
.pinno = 0,
.portno = -1
},
.plrty = VirtualGpio::active_high,
.IsPullupCfgValid = true,
.IsTriStCfgValid = true,
.IsInputFilterValid = true,
.dic = VirtualGpio::OUTPUT,
.fptr = NULL
};
factory fac;
fac.GetGpiofactory(&cfg);
}
Surprised, the overloaded function works well if I don't use the ternary operator instead use multiple if-else if-else blocks. curious to understand the reason.
That is because the ternary operator always evaluates to a single type. You can't "return" different types with this operator.
When the compiler encounters such an expression he tries to figure out whether he can reduce the whole thing to one type. If that's not possible you get a compile error.
In your case there is a valid option using bool as a type. Because cfg->dic is an enum type which is implicitly convertible to bool. If you would use and enum class your code would not compile anymore showing you what your actual problem is (example).
Also I don't really see what the advantage of this kind of code is. In my opinion it makes the code much harder to read. You could reduce your ifs to just one, if you're concerned about too many of them:
if(acc == VirtualGpio::Pin)
setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin,cfg->dic);
else
setCfgSetting(&cfg->pin, cfg->dic == VirtualGpio::INPUT);

SQLite multi insert from C++ just adding the first one

I have the following code for SQLite:
std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > InternalDatabaseManager::query(std::string query)
{
sqlite3_stmt *statement;
std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > results;
if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(internalDbManager, query.c_str(), -1, &statement, 0) == SQLITE_OK)
{
int cols = sqlite3_column_count(statement);
int result = 0;
while(true)
{
result = sqlite3_step(statement);
std::vector<std::string> values;
if(result == SQLITE_ROW)
{
for(int col = 0; col < cols; col++)
{
std::string s;
char *ptr = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement, col);
if(ptr) s = ptr;
values.push_back(s);
}
results.push_back(values);
} else
{
break;
}
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement);
}
std::string error = sqlite3_errmsg(internalDbManager);
if(error != "not an error") std::cout << query << " " << error << std::endl;
return results;
}
When I try to pass a query string like:
INSERT INTO CpuUsage (NODE_ID, TIME_ID, CORE_ID, USER, NICE, SYSMODE, IDLE, IOWAIT, IRQ, SOFTIRQ, STEAL, GUEST) VALUES (1, 1, -1, 1014711, 117915, 175551, 5908257, 112996, 2613, 4359, 0, 0); INSERT INTO CpuUsage (NODE_ID, TIME_ID, CORE_ID, USER, NICE, SYSMODE, IDLE, IOWAIT, IRQ, SOFTIRQ, STEAL, GUEST) VALUES (1, 1, 0, 1014711, 117915, 175551, 5908257, 112996, 2613, 4359, 0, 0); INSERT INTO CpuUsage (NODE_ID, TIME_ID, CORE_ID, USER, NICE, SYSMODE, IDLE, IOWAIT, IRQ, SOFTIRQ, STEAL, GUEST) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 1014711, 117915, 175551, 5908257, 112996, 2613, 4359, 0, 0);
It results just inserting the first insert. Using some other tool lite SQLiteStudio it performs ok.
Any ideas to help me, please?
Thanks,
Pedro
EDIT
My query is a std::string.
const char** pzTail;
const char* q = query.c_str();
int result = -1;
do {
result = sqlite3_prepare_v2(internalDbManager, q, -1, &statement, pzTail);
q = *pzTail;
}
while(result == SQLITE_OK);
This gives me Description: cannot convert ‘const char*’ to ‘const char**’ for argument ‘5’ to ‘int sqlite3_prepare_v2(sqlite3*, const char*, int, sqlite3_stmt*, const char*)’
SQLite's prepare_v2 will only create a statement from the first insert in your string. You can think of it as a "pop front" mechanism.
int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
sqlite3 *db, /* Database handle */
const char *zSql, /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
int nByte, /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, /* OUT: Statement handle */
const char **pzTail /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
From http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html
If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql. These routines only
compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
what remains uncompiled.
The pzTail parameter will point to the rest of the inserts, so you can loop through them all until they have all been prepared.
The other option is to only do one insert at a time, which makes the rest of your handling code a little bit simpler usually.
Typically I have seen people do this sort of thing under the impression that they will be evaluated under the same transaction. This is not the case, though. The second one may fail and the first and third will still succeed.