JPA cascade persist - many to one - jpa-2.0

Question

I have a many to one relationship and I am trying to persist a child entity.
public class Office
{
public int id;
public int grades;
#OneToMany
public set<Employee> employees;
}
public class Employee{
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GeneratedValue.identity)
public int empid;
#ManyToOne(cascade=cascadeType.ALL)
public Office office;
}
Office Id is already present in the database. But employee is not.
Now if i am adding an employee and his grades must go into the office database.
When i do the following operation,grades are not getting saved
Office office = new Office();
office.setId(23);
office.setGrades(5);
employee.setOffice(office);
em.persist(employee);
How to save grades into the office table in a single operation

Answer 1

First, fix your mapping.
The association is bidirectional, and one of the side (the one side) must be marked as the inverse of the other using the mappedBy attribute:
#OneToMany(mappedBy = "office")
public set<Employee> employees;
The employee is only one of the employees of the office. Do you really want to delete the entire office when you delete a single employee? If not, why do you put a cascade=cascadeType.ALL on the #ManyToOne? Those annotations have consequences. Don't use them without understanding them.
Now to really answer the question. If the office already exists in the database, you should not build a new one. Go fetch it from the database and update it:
Office office = em.find(Office.class, 23);
// office is now attached, and any change you make on the entity will be written to the database
office.setGrade(5);
Now you may also attach the office to the new employee. But since it's a bidirectional relationship, you should also initialize the other side of the association to keep the object graph coherent:
employee.setOffice(office);
office.addEmployee(employee);
em.persist(employee);