I am creating a texture from a pango layout and mapping the texture to the screen using OpenGL and GLUT. I want to scroll the texture in the window. I'm not concerned with the controls to scroll, but how do I cause map the portion of the texture I want to see onto the screen? I assume I use glTranslate, but where do I apply it?
Thanks in advance.
Here is what I currently do:
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
{
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
{
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f( 0.0f+x, 0.0f+y);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(_width+x, 0.0f+y);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(_width+x, _height+y);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f( 0.0f+x, _height+y);
}
glEnd();
}
glFlush();
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
Another way would be to use a texture matrix (matrix mode GL_TEXTURE) or do it in a shader.
Depends on how many vertices would have to be modified. If just a few it could be more performant but for many vertices a texture matrix/shader approach could be better. Note that built in matrix operations are deprecated, i.e. it now is recommended to use textures.
Scrolling in a shader would be easy: out.tex = in.tex + offset where offset could be a uniform which is set per frame or be calculated from other input.
Since your example uses immediate mode, I'll expand it with the texture matrix mode.
But please be aware that this is deprecated methodology.
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
{
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadIndentity();
glTranslatef(x,y,0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
{
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f( 0.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(_width, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(_width, _height);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f( 0.0f, _height);
}
glEnd();
}
glFlush();
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
Unless you also want to tile I would just modify the UV coordinates of the vertices you are outputting. Then you just change the coordinates you feed to glTexCoord2f to specify a crop.
There is also a nice example of texture transformations here http://potatoland.org/glart/week5/GLART_5_texture_samples.java (it's java but you can easily translate it to C)
Related
I was wondering if anyone could help me figure out how to add a light source to my 3D objects. I have four objects that are rotating and I want the light source to be at a fixed position, and I want to be able to see lighting on the object.
I tried doing this (********):
//*******Initializing the light position
GLfloat pos[] = {-2,4,5,1};
void display() {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
//*******adding the light to the display method
glLoadIdentity();
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, pos);
// rectangle
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 2.5f, -8.0f);
glRotatef(angleRectangle, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
drawRectangle();
glPopMatrix();
//small cylinder
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 2.0f, -8.0f);
glRotatef(90, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(anglePyramid, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
drawCylinder(0.2, 0.7);
glPopMatrix();
//big cylinder
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 1.5f, -8.0f);
glRotatef(90, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(anglePyramid, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
drawCylinder(0.7, 2.7);
glPopMatrix();
//pyramid
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f, -2.2f, -8.0f);
glRotatef(180, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(anglePyramid, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
drawPyramid();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
anglePyramid += k * 0.2f; //- is CW, + is CCW
angleRectangle += -k * 0.2f;
}
//******* Then i added these to the main method
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
However when I do this and I run the entire program, my objects turn gray, and at certain points in the rotation they turn white. And this isnt what I want. I want to keep my colorful objects, but I want to be able to see the light source on them.
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Also let me know if you need to see more of my code to figure out the issue. Thanks
When lighting (GL_LIGHTING) is enabled, then the color is taken from the material parameters (glMaterial).
If you still want to use the current color, the you have to enable GL_COLOR_MATERIAL
and to set the color material paramters (glColorMaterial):
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);
See also Basic OpenGL Lighting.
But note, that drawing by glBegin/glEnd sequences, the fixed function pipeline matrix stack and fixed function pipeline per vertex light model, is deprecated since decades.
Read about Fixed Function Pipeline and see Vertex Specification and Shader for a state of the art way of rendering.
I am working on a n-body code with "glut functions" display. I would like to display each body with a 2D texture from a bmp image. Currently, I can draw a single textured element with the following code :
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // pick the texture.
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // begin drawing the textured quad.
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glEnd(); // done drawing the textured quad.
In the first version of my code, I draw the positions of each body with the following display function :
void drawPoints()
{
GLuint vbo;
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glVertexPointer(4, GL_DOUBLE, 4*sizeof(double), pos);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
if (colorVBO) {
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, id_colorVBO);
glColorPointer(4, GL_DOUBLE, 4*sizeof(double), pos);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
}
glColor3f(1, 1, 0);
glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, numBodies);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
}
where pos array contains the coordinates x, y, z of each body. I am using glDrawArrays function to draw all the points at the same time.
Could you tell me how to plot all the textured elements and not only one, i.e a way to use the coordinates pos array for indicate the positions of all the textured bodies and draw them.
Updated :
ok, I try to use glTexCoordPointer with the following display function :
void drawPoints()
{
glPushMatrix();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // pick the texture.
glLoadIdentity(); // reset the view before we draw each star.
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, zoom); // zoom into the screen.
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
lEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(4, GL_DOUBLE, 4*sizeof(double), pos);
glTexCoordPointer(4, GL_DOUBLE, 4*sizeof(double), pos);
// Assign A Color Using Bytes
glColor4ub(30, 100, 120, 255);
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Begin Drawing The Textured Quad
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Textured Quad
glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, numBodies);
glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glPopMatrix();
}
but only one textured element is displayed.
Anyone sees what's wrong ?
In addition to glVertexPointer, you should use glTexCoordPointer. Do not forget to enable the corresponding client state, GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY. There is also a complete example on the official wiki, with interleaved attributes.
Note that the new (3.0+) way is to use glVertexAttribPointer along with shaders. There's a very descriptive page on the wiki on that, as well.
I'm rendering textures on the two surfaces which actually have the same location and position.
In these kind of cases I want to display only one of the textures, while I get following
I.e. I want only the texture of first material to be displayed.
So I would like to know where I've to search for solution, should I play with the blending of the materials ?
This is a pretty old issue (z-fighting) as the card isn't sure which object to draw in front. The linked Wikipedia article has more examples of this.
To fix this, increase the depth buffer's accuracy (bit depth), reduce the depth of your view (distance far/near clip plane) or add a tiny offset so the coordinates are no longer exactly (or almost) the same. You could as well simply disable the depth buffer (or clear it) for rendering this (in which case whatever is rendered last will overlap everything else).
You mean you want to display few textures at one time? Use multi texturing then. Attach both textures to one Quad using:
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, 0.0f, 0.0f);
And play with glTexEnvi to combine them as you want. If you want to show only one of your textures then draw two quads with separate textures on each of them. And quad witch will be drawn later will be visible. Then if you want to turn from one to another, make separate -(void)'s for each of quad, with glClearColor before each quad drawing and then make button to call for example -(void)quad1 and button to call -(void)quad2.
Or just use depth buffer.
At your situation i would use multi texturing, because all buffers looked too hard for me all time.
I will show how would my code look like.
Code using multi texture:
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//Turn on blending and set glBlendFunc for your needs
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
//Describing multitexturing
glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB); //Activating texture on unit 0
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB); //Activating texture on unit 0
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1); //Bind texture on unit 0
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); //Enable GL_TEXTURE_2D to set it's glTexEnvi for your needs
glTexEnvi( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_COMBINE ); //Edit glTexEnvi for your needs (link bellow code)
glTexEnvi( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL_INTERPOLATE );
glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB); //Activating texture on unit 1
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB); //Activating texture on unit 1
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2); //Bind texture on unit 0
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); //Enable GL_TEXTURE_2D to set it's glTexEnvi for your needs
glTexEnvi( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_COMBINE ); //Edit glTexEnvi for your needs (link bellow code)
glTexEnvi( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL_REPLACE );
//Drawing quad with multi texture
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, 0.0f, 0.0f); //Texture on unit 0 coords
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, 0.0f, 0.0f); //Texture on unit 1 coords
glVertex2f(0.0, 500);
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, 0.0f, 1.0f); //Texture on unit 0 coords
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, 0.0f, 1.0f); //Texture on unit 1 coords
glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, 1.0f, 1.0f); //Texture on unit 0 coords
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, 1.0f, 1.0f); //Texture on unit 1 coords
glVertex2f(800, 0.0);
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, 1.0f, 0.0f); //Texture on unit 0 coords
glMultiTexCoord2fARB(GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, 1.0f, 0.0f); //Texture on unit 1 coords
glVertex2f(800, 500);
glEnd();
//Disable GL_TEXTURE_2D. We don't need it anymore
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
//Disable blending
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
//Flush everything
glFlush();
Code for using one quad for each texture
-(void) drawQuad1
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(0.0, 500);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(800, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(800, 500);
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glFlush();
}
-(void) drawQuad2
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(0.0, 500);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(800, 0.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(800, 500);
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glFlush();
}
//and now when you want to draw `drawQuad1` you need to do `[self drawQuad1];`
//and where you want to draw `drawQuad2` you need to do `[self drawQuad2];`
Info about glTexEnvi here. Its just sample code. Fast written so could have mistakes. Sorry if i forgot something. Just i haven't been doing it for long time. Written it on Mac OS X, so if you are using other platform maby you will have to change few things (not opengl). And about depth buffer? I don't know how to use it. So I can't explain it for you. Sorry. Never used them.
I'm fairly new to OpenGL so maybe the answer will be obvious. I am currently trying to make a blue circle using GL_TRIANGLE_FAN in C++. My problem is that when I set the color using glColor4f, it sets all my other textures to have a blue color over them such as shown below (this is supposed to be silvery metal).
I draw the textures using the method shown below.
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(x,y,0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(width,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(width,height,0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(0,height,0);
glEnd();
I'm not sure whether I just have to clear a flag for it to work, but I've been stuck for a few days now.
After drawing your blue circle, you should set the color back to white (default value) using glColor4f(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);. Please note that by default the texture gets modulated by the currently set color (blue in your case) and that's the reason why your silver material gets a bluish tone (final color = blue color * texture color).
Unbind the texture and set the color back to white after you're done drawing:
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(x,y,0);
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(width,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(width,height,0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(0,height,0);
glEnd();
glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
And if you aren't rendering textures on the next object, disable texturing:
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
When You have enabled glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL) and changed a color by glColor, then all your textures will be affected by this color. This is because by default the texture is displayed in modulate mode (glColor multiplied by texture colors).
If you don't have lighting enabled, to restore the original texture color is simple - just set glColor to white: glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0).
The problem comes, when you have lighting enabled on your texture. Then, setting the color to white or changing texture mode to REPLACE doesn't help at all - your lighting effects will be removed! (which nobody seems to be noticing!) The reason for this is because with enabling GL_COLOR_MATERIAL by default you're getting behaviour, where glColor commands changes both Ambient and Diffuse colours at the same time - thus your ambient and diffuse material properties will be affected (lost). So all you have to do, to restore the material state (and thus lighting effects), which you had before applying glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL), is the following:
glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); //disable color influence
GLfloat ambient[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; //default material has this ambient color!
GLfloat diffuse[] = { 0.8f ,0.8f ,0.8f, 1.0f }; //default material has this diffuse color!
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, ambient); //restore default material ambient color
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, diffuse); //restore default material diffuse color
Please note, what are the default ambient and diffuse colors for default material! There is no pure white there!
This way, all the textures, that you use from this point will be drawn as intended (with the correct color and lighting effects).
Took me some time to find this stuff, so I suppose it's nice to mention it here.
Before binding a texture, you need to enable it. And normally, you should disabled it when you are done with it. Something like this :
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(width,0,0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(width,height,0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(0,height,0);
glEnd();
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
hello i create a cube and want on one side an texture.
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filterMode);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filterMode);
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //Vorderseite
glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //ROT
glVertex3f(-fSeitenL/2.0f,-fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f);
glColor4f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //GELB
glVertex3f(+fSeitenL/2.0f,-fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f);
glColor4f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f); //WEISS
glVertex3f(+fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f);
glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); //MAGENTA
glVertex3f(-fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f,+fSeitenL/2.0f);
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
but i can't see my texture, what did i wrong?
thanks.
You haven't supplied texture coordinates. You need to issue one call to glTexCoord (the 2f variant being the most commonly-used) that indicates a part of the texture that the vector maps to, before the corresponding glVertex call.
Otherwise, OpenGL has no idea how the texture should be pasted onto the polygons.
First of all this doesn't seem a cube but just a quad, a cube is made by 6 different quads.. (and you could use GL_QUADS instead that GL_POLYGON.
Second thing is that you are loading the texture but not mapping it to the vertices. You need to supply coordinates to map how the texture should fit onto the quad. You can do it by using
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
the example is taken from NEHE OpenGL guide and I really suggest you to take a look since it's quite well explained: http://nehe.gamedev.net
Check tutorial 6 about texture mapping: http://nehe.gamedev.net/data/lessons/lesson.asp?lesson=06