I'm doing 2D drawing in a glut window, and I'm having trouble making the window resize properly.
My glutDisplayFunc and glutReshapeFunc are below. As it is, the drawing disappears when the window is resized. If I delete the glClear() from displayFunc(), new pixels don't "initialize" and there are clipping problems. How do I fix this?
glutDisplayFunc:
void displayFunc() {
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glPointSize ( 3.0 );
glFlush();
}
glutReshapeFunc:
void windowReshapeFunc( GLint newWidth, GLint newHeight ) {
glViewport( 0, 0, newWidth, newHeight );
glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION );
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D( 0, GLdouble (newWidth), 0, GLdouble (newHeight) );
windowWidth = newWidth;
windowHeight = newHeight;
}
I'd try adding a call to glutPostRedisplay() around the end of your reshape function.
This is basic template that I use...
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 300
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 300
// current Window width and height
int win_width, win_height;
void display()
{
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// write your code here
//
//
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void on_resize(int w, int h)
{
win_width = w;
win_height = h;
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-w / 2, w / 2, -h / 2, h / 2, -1, 1);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
display(); // refresh window.
}
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE);
glutInitWindowSize(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
glutCreateWindow("basic resize template");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(on_resize);
glutMainLoop();
}
You can not call gluOrtho2D twice with the same window, it will break the graphics and so nothing shows up. You would have to init window size and set Ortho to the size of the screen (current display resolution), then draw relative to the size of the window.
I guess your code does not draw everything on scene in display func, you see, if no events occcur ever you have to call display one time and in the first time it has your drawing. But your problem rises when there is an event which says the window is resized! try putting your drawing part in display function. Like so,
void displayFunc() {
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glPointSize ( 3.0 );
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
{
//Blah blah blah some points here which you expect to draw
}
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
Please post the full code if this was not helpful.
You're not setting the matrix mode back to GL_MODELVIEW at the end of your reshape function.
void reshape(int width, int height) {
glViewport(0,0,width,height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, GLdouble (width), 0, GLdouble (height) );
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
It's hard to say if there's something else in your display function without seeing more code. I hope that helps.
Related
The program should simulate a planet rotating around another planet.
I use gltranslatef to let the planet move around the bigger planet, but the problem is that the planet should hide when is over the bigger planet, because dz is -0.5.
But if I test the program I always see the red planet over the blue one.
Another problem I have: the planet rotates too fast, how do I slow it?
#include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
#include <GLUT/GLUT.h>
#include "utility.h"
GLfloat dx=0.0;
GLfloat dz=-0.5;
bool plus=true;
void init()
{
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1);
glEnable(GLUT_DEPTH);
}
void render()
{
glClearColor(BLACK);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glColor4f(BLUE);
glutWireSphere(0.25, 100, 100);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(-0.5+dx, 0.0, -dz);
glColor4f(RED);
glutWireSphere(0.05, 100, 100);
glPopMatrix();
glFlush();
}
void idle()
{
if(plus)
{
dx+=0.05;
}
else
{
dx-=0.05;
}
if(dx>=1.0)
{
dx=0.5;
plus=false;
}
else if(dx<=-0.0)
{
dx=0.0;
plus=true;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, (char**)argv);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(150, 150);
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
glutCreateWindow("Simple");
glutIdleFunc(idle);
init();
glutDisplayFunc(render);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
I haven't understood well how does the idle function work, why it gets called so many times? Can't I choose a time interval with which the idle function gets called?
More info: RED and BLUE are RGB floats, defined in the utility.h header file.
plus is a bool that is used to know if I have to decrease or increase dx.
Give this a shot:
#include <GL/glut.h>
double GetSeconds()
{
return glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME) / 1000.0f;
}
void render()
{
glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
glLoadIdentity();
glColor3ub(0,0,255);
glutWireSphere(0.25, 100, 100);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
static double prv = GetSeconds();
double cur = GetSeconds();
double delta = cur - prv;
prv = cur;
const float DEG_PER_SEC = 60.0f;
static float angle = 0.0f;
angle += DEG_PER_SEC * delta;
while( angle > 360 ) angle -= 360;
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef( angle, 0, 1, 0 );
glTranslatef( 0.5, 0, 0);
glColor3ub(255,0,0);
glutWireSphere(0.05, 100, 100);
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void reshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1);
}
void timer(int extra)
{
glutPostRedisplay();
glutTimerFunc(16, timer, 0);
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, (char**)argv);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(150, 150);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
glutCreateWindow("Simple");
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutTimerFunc(0, timer, 0);
glutDisplayFunc(render);
glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
Important parts:
Explicit glMatrixMode() calls
Calling glutInitDisplayMode() before glutCreateWindow()
Double-buffering requires glutSwapBuffers()
Clearing the depth buffer via GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT
glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
glRotatef() for planet rotation
Timer-based animation
I have written a simple OpenGL program in C++ that displays a line joining the center of the window to the current position of the mouse pointer.
My code is :
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void passive(int,int);
void reshape(int,int);
void init(void);
void display(void);
void camera(void);
int x=3,y=3;
int main (int argc,char **argv) {
glutInit (&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(1364,689);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("Sample");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(display);
glutPassiveMotionFunc(passive);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
void display(void) {
glClearColor (0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
camera();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(x,y,0);
glEnd();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void camera(void) {
glRotatef(0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0);
glRotatef(0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0);
glTranslated(0,0,-20);
}
void init(void) {
glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable (GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
}
void reshape(int w, int h) {
glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(60,(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,1.0,100.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}
void passive(int x1,int y1) {
x=x1; y=y1;
}
The problem I am facing is that the x and y values set in the passive() function is not correctly mapped into the screen which uses perspective projection. So the line drawn is joining the center to some other coordinate outside the screen. Any modifications to the code to get it working properly?
An easy way would be to create an orthographic projection matrix and then render all of your "2D" elements (including this line, using the screen coordinates provided by glutPassiveMotionFunc).
Something like this:
void display() {
// clear
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective( ... ) // create 3D perspective projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
// Render 3D content here
// Render 2D content
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, width, height, 0); // create 2D orthographic projection matrix with coordinate system roughly equivalent to window position
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2f( width / 2, height / 2 ); // now we can use "pixel coordinates"
glVertex2f( cursorX, cursorY );
glEnd();
...
}
Compare this to your modification of the perspective projection in your reshape method.
Obviously you'll also want to disable states that don't make sense for a "2D" rendering (like depth buffer checking, etc) but it should be pretty obvious. Take a look at this GDSE post for a discussion of how other people do this same task.
I don't have much OpenGL experience. I am trying to draw a teapot and move a camera around the teapot. To this end I am using the gluLookAt function. The problem is that when I call gluLookAt the screen is blank and I can't see my teapot.
#include "openGLer.h"
void openGLer::simulate(grid* toSim, int* argc, char** argv)
{
myGrid = toSim;
glutInit(argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); //Set the window size
glutCreateWindow("");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(handleKeypress);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glutMainLoop();
}
void openGLer::handleKeypress(unsigned char key, //The key that was pressed
int x, int y)
{
switch (key)
{
case 27: exit(0);
}
}
void openGLer::camera()
{
gluLookAt(3, 3, 0,
0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0
);
}
void openGLer::draw()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
camera();
glutWireTeapot(0.5);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void openGLer::display()
{
draw();
}
Why does gluLookAt() make the screen blank and how do I fix this? When camera() is not called code performs as expected; with a teapot being displayed.
Have you set up your projection matrix correctly? Otherwise, your call to gluLookAt will cause the teapot to be too far away and therefore be clipped by the far plane.
Try adding this to your initialization code (and also your resize handler to fix the aspect ratio when the window is resized). I've set the far plane at 100, which should be plenty for your teapot.
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective (60.0, width/(float)height, 0.1, 100.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
I'm trying to simulate a particle system using OpenGl but I can't get it to work, this is what I have so far:
#include <GL/glut.h>
int main (int argc, char **argv){
// data allocation, various non opengl stuff
............
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE );
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutInitWindowSize(size, size);
glPointSize (4);
glutCreateWindow("test gl");
............
// initial state, not opengl
............
glViewport(0,0,size,size);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(compute);
glutMainLoop();
}
void compute (void) {
// change state not opengl
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void display (void) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
for(i = 0; i<nparticles; i++) {
// two types of particles
if (TYPE(particle[i]) == 1) glColor3f(1,0,0);
else glColor3f(0,0,1);
glVertex2f(X(particle[i]),Y(particle[i]));
}
glEnd();
glFlush();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
I get a black window after a couple of seconds (the window has just the title bar before that). Where do I go wrong?
LE: the x and y coordinates of each particle are within the interval (0,size)
Try to make these changes in your code:
move the Main function at the end of the file
glPoinSize call belongs to the Display function
then you should provide a function to handle resizing of the window glutReshapeFunc(reshape), something like this
void reshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble) w, 0.0, (GLdouble) h);
}
glFlush is called from glutSwapBuffers function so you don't need it there
insert this code (after glutCreateWindow call) to set the initial position for the projection
glClearColor(0.2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0.0, 10, 0.0, 10, -1.0, 1.0);
For some reason when I resize my OpenGL windows, everything falls apart. The image is distorted, the coordinates don't work, and everything simply falls apart. I am sing Glut to set it up.
//Code to setup glut
glutInitWindowSize(appWidth, appHeight);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutCreateWindow("Test Window");
//In drawing function
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//Resize function
void resize(int w, int h)
{
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, w, h, 0);
}
The OpenGL application is strictly 2D.
This is how it looks like initially: http://www.picgarage.net/images/Corre_53880_651.jpeg
this is how it looks like after resizing: http://www.picgarage.net/images/wrong_53885_268.jpeg
You should not forget to hook the GLUT 'reshape' event:
glutReshapeFunc(resize);
And reset your viewport:
void resize(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); //NEW
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, w, h, 0);
}
A perspective projection would have to take the new aspect ratio into account:
void resizeWindow(int width, int height)
{
double asratio;
if (height == 0) height = 1; //to avoid divide-by-zero
asratio = width / (double) height;
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); //adjust GL viewport
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(FOV, asratio, ZMIN, ZMAX); //adjust perspective
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}