My models:
class ItemSet(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
item = models.ManyToManyField(Item)
order = models.IntegerField(default=0)
class Item(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
desc = models.CharField(max_length=100)
A set includes many items and a item can be in many sets.
So, how to get a list of items when we know the id of a item in some sets but itself?
Please give me some codes. Thank you very much!
Example:
We have two sets like this:
(1,2,3,4) and (2,3,5,7,9),
id = 3 then result = (1,2,4,5,7,9). Note: result does not include 3.
Get all Items in a specific ItemSet:
set = ItemSet.objects.get(id=99)
items = set.item.all()
Get all ItemSets containing a specific Item:
item = Item.objects.get(id=88)
sets = item.itemset_set.all()
For more info - read the docs.
If I understand your question correctly, you want a distinct set of all items from all ItemSets which contain a specific Item, excluding the Item itself from the returned set. Does that sound about right?
Edit: Tested.
class ItemSet(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
items = models.ManyToManyField('Item', related_name='item_sets')
order = models.IntegerField(default=0)
class Item(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
desc = models.CharField(max_length=100)
# First, get all sets containing the item we're interested in:
item_sets = ItemSet.objects.filter(items__pk=item.pk)
# Next, get all items belonging to those sets, excluding the item we're interested in:
items = Item.objects.filter(item_sets__pk__in=item_sets).exclude(pk=item.pk).distinct()
Note: This actually executes a single query (using Django 1.2.1), though, this might depend on your database backend. You can examine the generated SQL like so:
>>> from django.db import connection
>>> items._as_sql(connection)
...
Related
I'm trying to get all values in current table, and also get some fields in related tables.
class school(models.Model):
school_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
school_type = models.CharField(max_length=128)
school_address = models.CharField(max_length=256)
class hometown(models.Model):
hometown_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class person(models.Model):
person_name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
person_id = models.CharField(max_length=128)
person_school = models.ForeignKey(school, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
person_ht = models.ForeignKey(hometown, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
how to quick select all info i needed into a dict for rendering.
there will be many records in person, i got school_id input, and want to get all person in this school, and also want these person's hometown_name shown.
i tried like this, can get the info i wanted. And any other quick way to do it?
m=person.objects.filter(person_school_id=1)
.values('id', 'person_name', 'person_id',
school_name=F('person_school__school_name'),
school_address=F('person_school__school_address'),
hometown_name=F('person_ht__hometown_name'))
person_name, person_id, school_name, school_address, hometown_name
if the person have many fields, it will be a hard work for list all values.
what i mean, is there any queryset can join related tables' fields together, which no need to list fields in values.
Maybe like this:
m=person.objects.filter(person_school_id=1).XXXX.values()
it can show all values in school, and all values in hometown together with person's values in m, and i can
for x in m:
print(x.school_name, x.hometown_name, x.person_name)
You add a prefetch_related query on top of your queryset.
prefetch_data = Prefetch('person_set, hometown_set, school_set', queryset=m)
Where prefetch_data will prepare your DB to fetch related tables and m is your original filtered query (so add this below your Person.objects.filter(... )
Then you do the actual query to the DB:
query = query.prefetch_related(prefetch_data)
Where query will be the actual resulting query with a list of Person objects (so add that line below the prefetch_data one).
Example:
m=person.objects.filter(person_school_id=1)
.values('id', 'person_name', 'person_id',
school_name=F('person_school__school_name'),
school_address=F('person_school__school_address'),
hometown_name=F('person_ht__hometown_name'))
prefetch_data = Prefetch('person_set, hometown_set, school_set', queryset=m)
query = query.prefetch_related(prefetch_data)
In that example I've broken down the queries into more manageable pieces, but you can do the whole thing in one big line too (less manageable to read though):
m=person.objects.filter(person_school_id=1)
.values('id', 'person_name', 'person_id',
school_name=F('person_school__school_name'),
school_address=F('person_school__school_address'),
hometown_name=F('person_ht__hometown_name')).prefetch_related('person, hometown, school')
I have this two models.
class City(models.Model):
city = models.CharField(max_length=200)
country = models.CharField(max_length=200)
class CityTranslation(models.Model):
city = models.ForeignKey(City)
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
lang = models.CharField(max_length=2)
prio = models.IntegerField()
Every city can have multiple translated names within one language.
So I want to get all City's with country="Poland". If a corresponding City has one or more CityTranslations with lang=name. I want to get only the first ordered by prio.
I am doing something like that now.
City.objects.filter(country="Poland", citytranslation__land="pl").annotate(transname=F("alt_names__name"))
But this is not working, because:
If there is a City without a CityTranslation it want be listed
If there are multiple CityTranslation's they all will be shown. But I just want the first. (... .ordered_by('prio').first())
Any idea?
EDIT:
Solved it by using a #property field, which is ordering my CityTranslation by prio and picks the first one:
#propert
def transcity(self):
return self.citytranslation.filter(lang="pl").order_by('-prio').first()
def magic(passed_country="Poland", passed_lang="pl")
# I want to get all City's with country="Poland".
cities = City.objects.filter(country=passed_country)
# If a corresponding City has one or more CityTranslations with lang=name. I want to get only the first ordered by prio.
suitable_cities = cities.filter(citytranslation__lang=passed_lang)
if suitable_cities.exists()
first_matching_city = suitable_cities.orderby('prio').first()
else:
first_matching_city = cities.orderby('prio').first()
return first_matching_city
May need to set up a relatedname on citytranslation.
May not need orderby if you plan on ordering by ID anyways.
I have a simple Relation model, where a user can follow a tag just like stackoverflow.
class Relation(models.Model):
user = AutoOneToOneField(User)
follows_tag = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, blank=True, null=True, through='TagRelation')
class TagRelation(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(Relation, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
following_tag = models.ForeignKey(Tag, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
class Meta:
unique_together = ['user', 'following_tag']
Now, to get the results of all the tags a user is following:
kakar = CustomUser.objects.get(email="kakar#gmail.com")
tags_following = kakar.relation.follows_tag.all()
This is fine.
But, to access intermediate fields I have to go through a big list of other queries. Suppose I want to display when the user started following a tag, I will have to do something like this:
kakar = CustomUser.objects.get(email="kakar#gmail.com")
kakar_relation = Relation.objects.get(user=kakar)
t1 = kakar.relation.follows_tag.all()[0]
kakar_t1_relation = TagRelation.objects.get(user=kakar_relation, following_tag=t1)
kakar_t1_relation.pub_date
As you can see, just to get the date I have to go through so much query. Is this the only way to get intermediate values, or this can be optimized? Also, I am not sure if this model design is the way to go, so if you have any recomendation or advice I would be very grateful. Thank you.
You need to use Double underscore i.e. ( __ ) for ForeignKey lookup,
Like this :
user_tags = TagRelation.objects.filter(user__user__email="kakar#gmail.com").values("following_tag__name", "pub_date")
If you need the name of the tag, you can use following_tag__name in the query and if you need id you can use following_tag__id.
And for that you need to iterate through the result of above query set, like this:
for items in user_tags:
print items['following_tag__name']
print items['pub_date']
One more thing,The key word values will return a list of dictionaries and you can iterate it through above method and if you are using values_list in the place of values, it will return a list of tuples. Read further from here .
So I'm trying to put together a webpage and I am currently have trouble putting together a results page for each user in the web application I am putting together.
Here are what my models look like:
class Fault(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
severity = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=0)
description = models.CharField(max_length=1024, null=False, blank=False)
recommendation = models.CharField(max_length=1024, null=False, blank=False)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(_('date added'), default=timezone.now)
...
class FaultInstance(models.Model):
auto = models.ForeignKey(Auto)
fault = models.ForeignKey(Fault)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(_('date added'), default=timezone.now)
objects = FaultInstanceManager()
...
class Auto(models.Model):
label = models.CharField(max_length=255)
model = models.CharField(max_length=255)
make = models.CharField(max_length=255)
year = models.IntegerField(max_length=4)
user = models.ForeignKey(AUTH_USER_MODEL)
...
I don't know if my model relationships are ideal, however it made sense it my head. So each user can have multiple Auto objects associated to them. And each Auto can have multiple FaultInstance objects associated to it.
In the results page, I want to list out the all the FaultInstances that a user has across their Autos. And under each listed FaultInstance I will have a list of all the autos that the user owns that has the fault, with its information (here is kind of what I had in mind).
All FaultInstance Listing Ordered by Severity (large number to low number)
FaultInstance:
FaultDescription:
FaultRecommendation:
ListofAutosWithFault:
AutoLabel AutoModel AutoYear ...
AutoLabel AutoModel AutoYear ...
Obviously, do things the correct way would mean that I want to do as much of the list creation in the Python/Django side of things and avoid doing any logic or processing in the template. I am able to create a list per severity with the a model manager as seen here:
class FaultInstanceManager(models.Manager):
def get_faults_by_user_severity(self, user, severity):
faults = defaultdict(list)
qs_faultinst = self.model.objects.select_related().filter(
auto__user=user, fault__severity=severity
).order_by('auto__make')
for result in qs_faultinst:
faults[result.fault].append(result)
faults.default_factory = None
return faults
I still need to specify each severity but I guess if I only have 5 severity levels, I can create a list for each severity level and pass each individual one to template. Any suggestions for this is appreciated. However, thats not my problem. My stopping point right now is that I want to create a summary table at the top of their report which can give the user breakdown of fault instances per make|model|year. I can't think of the proper query or data structure to pass on to the template.
Summary (table of all the FaultInstances with the following column headers):
FaultInstance Make|Model|Year NumberOfAutosAffected
This will let me know metrics for a make or a model or a year (in the example below, its separating faults based on model). I'm listing FaultInstances because I'm only listed Faults that a connected to a user.
For Example
Bad Starter Nissan 1
Bad Tailight Honda 2
Bad Tailight Nissan 1
And I am such a perfectionist that I want to do this while optimizing database queries. If I can create a data structure in my original query that will be easily parsed in template and still get both these sections in my report (maybe a defaultdict of a defaultdict(list)), thats what I want to do. Thanks for the help and hopefully my question is thorough and makes sense.
It makes sense to use related names because it simplifies your query. Like this:
class FaultInstance(models.Model):
auto = models.ForeignKey(Auto, related_name='fault_instances')
fault = models.ForeignKey(Fault, related_name='fault_instances')
...
class Auto(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name='autos')
In this case you can use:
qs_faultinst = user.fault_instances.filter(fault__severity=severity).order_by('auto__make')
instead of:
qs_faultinst = self.model.objects.select_related().filter(
auto__user=user, fault__severity=severity
).order_by('auto__make')
I can't figure out your summary table, may be you meant:
Fault Make|Model|Year NumberOfAutosAffected
In this case you can use aggregation. But It (grouping) would still be slow if you have enough data. The one easy solution is just to denormalize data by creating extra model and create few signals to update it or you can use cache.
If you have a predefined set of severities then think about this:
class Fault(models.Model):
SEVERITY_LOW = 0
SEVERITY_MIDDLE = 1
SEVERITY_HIGH = 2
...
SEVERITY_CHOICES = (
(SEVERITY_LOW, 'Low'),
(SEVERITY_MIDDLE, 'Middle'),
(SEVERITY_HIGH, 'High'),
...
)
...
severity = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=SEVERITY_LOW,
choices=SEVERITY_CHOICES)
...
In your templates you can just iterate through Fault.SEVERITY_CHOICES.
Update:
Change your models:
Аllocate model into a separate model:
class AutoModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
Change the field model of model Auto :
class Auto(models.Model):
...
auto_model = models.ForeignKey(AutoModel, related_name='cars')
...
Add a model:
class MyDenormalizedModelForReport(models.Model):
fault = models.ForeignKey(Fault, related_name='reports')
auto_model = models.ForeignKey(AutoModel, related_name='reports')
year = models.IntegerField(max_length=4)
number_of_auto_affected = models.IntegerField(default=0)
Add a signal:
def update_denormalized_model(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
rep, dummy_created = MyDenormalizedModelForReport.objects.get_or_create(fault=instance.fault, auto_model=instance.auto.auto_model, year=instance.auto.year)
rep.number_of_auto_affected += 1
rep.save()
post_save.connect(update_denormalized_model, sender=FaultInstance)
I've got the flowing two models:
class Item(models.Model):
Name = models.CharField(max_length = 32)
class Profile(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique = True)
ItemList = models.ManyToManyField(Item, related_name = "user_itemlist")
For Item X I want to get a list of Item objects present in ItemList for all Profile objects that contain X in ItemList, sorted by how many times each object appears.
The best I can do so far is:
Item.objects.filter(user_itemlist__in = User.objects.filter(profile__ItemList = X))
and this returns the list of all Item objects I need, with duplicates (if Item Z is present in ItemList for 10 Profile objects it will appear 10 times in the query result).
How can I sort the result of the above query by the number of times each object appears in the result and remove duplicates? Is there any "django" way to do that?
profiles = Profile.objects.filter(profile__ItemList=X)
Item.objects.filter(
user_itemlist__in=profiles
).annotate(itemcount=Count('id')).order_by('-itemcount')
if you're using django 1.0+ you can do this:
from django.db.models import Count
# note that 'profile' is an instance of Profile, not the model itself
sorted_items = profile.ItemList.annotate(itemcount=Count('name'))
sorted_items = sorted_items.order_by('-itemcount')
#number of occurences of top item
sorted_items[0].itemcount