How do I update with a newly-created detached entity using NHibernate? - web-services

Question

Explanation:
Let's say I have an object graph that's nested several levels deep and each entity has a bi-directional relationship with each other.
A -> B -> C -> D -> E
Or in other words, A has a collection of B and B has a reference back to A, and B has a collection of C and C has a reference back to B, etc...
Now let's say I want to edit some data for an instance ofC. In Winforms, I would use something like this:
var instanceOfC;
using (var session = SessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
// get the instance of C with Id = 3
instanceOfC = session.Linq<C>().Where(x => x.Id == 3);
}
SendToUIAndLetUserUpdateData(instanceOfC);
using (var session = SessionFactory.OpenSession())
{
// re-attach the detached entity and update it
session.Update(instanceOfC);
}
In plain English, we grab a persistent instance out of the database, detach it, give it to the UI layer for editing, then re-attach it and save it back to the database.
Problem:
This works fine for Winform applications because we're using the same entity all throughout, the only difference being that it goes from persistent to detached to persistent again.
The problem is that now I'm using a web service and a browser, sending over JSON data. The entity gets serialized into a string, and de-serialized into a new entity. It's no longer a detached entity, but rather a transient one that just happens to have the same ID as the persistent one (and updated fields). If I use this entity to update, it will wipe out the relationship to B and D because they don't exist in this new transient entity.
Question:
My question is, how do I serialize detached entities over the web to a client, receive them back, and save them, while preserving any relationships that I didn't explicitly change? I know about ISession.SaveOrUpdateCopy and ISession.Merge() (they seem to do the same thing?), but this will still wipe out the relationships if I don't explicitly set them. I could copy the fields from the transient entity to the persistent entity one by one, but this doesn't work too well when it comes to relationships and I'd have to handle version comparisons manually.

Answer 1

I solved this problem by using an intermediate class to hold data coming in from the web service, then copying its properties to the database entity. For example, let's say I have two entities like so:
Entity Classes
public class Album
{
public virtual int Id { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection Photos { get; set; }
}
public class Photo
{
public virtual int Id { get; set; }
public virtual Album Album { get; set; }
public virtual string Name { get; set; }
public virtual string PathToFile { get; set; }
}
Album contains a collection of Photo objects, and Photo has a reference back to the Album it's in, so it's a bidirectional relationship. I then create a PhotoDTO class:
DTO Class
public class PhotoDTO
{
public virtual int Id { get; set; }
public virtual int AlbumId { get; set; }
public virtual string Name { get; set; }
// note that the DTO does not have a PathToFile property
}
Now let's say I have the following Photo stored in the database:
Server Data
new Photo
{
Id = 15,
Name = "Fluffy Kittens",
Album = Session.Load<Album>(3)
};
The client now wants to update the photo's name. They send over the following JSON to the server:
Client Data
PUT http://server/photos/15
{
"id": 15,
"albumid": 3,
"name": "Angry Kittens"
}
The server then deserializes the JSON into a PhotoDTO object. On the server side, we update the Photo like this:
Server Code
var photoDTO = DeserializeJson();
var photoDB = Session.Load(photoDTO.Id); // or use the ID in the URL
// copy the properties from photoDTO to photoDB
photoDB.Name = photoDTO.Name;
photoDB.Album = Session.Load<Album>(photoDTO.AlbumId);
Session.Flush(); // save the changes to the DB
Explanation
This was the best solution I've found because:
You can choose which properties the client is allowed to modify. For example, PhotoDTO doesn't have a PathToFile property, so the client can never modify it.
You can also choose whether to update a property or not. For example, if the client didn't send over an AlbumId, it will be 0. You can check for that and not change the Album if the ID is 0. Likewise, if the user doesn't send over a Name, you can choose not to update that property.
You don't have to worry about the lifecycle of an entity because it will always be retrieved and updated within the scope of a single session.
AutoMapper
I recommend using AutoMapper to automatically copy the properties from the DTO to the entity, especially if your entites have a lot of properties. It saves you the trouble of having to write every property by hand, and has a lot of configurability.