C++ struct sorting error - c++

I am trying to sort a vector of custom struct in C++
struct Book{
public:int H,W,V,i;
};
with a simple functor
class CompareHeight
{
public:
int operator() (Book lhs,Book rhs)
{
return lhs.H-rhs.H;
}
};
when trying :
vector<Book> books(X);
.....
sort(books.begin(),books.end(), CompareHeight());
it gives me exception "invalid operator <"
What is the meaning of this error?
Thanks

sort expects a function that returns bool, which is true iff the lhs precedes the rhs:
bool operator() (const Book& lhs, const Book& rhs)
{
return lhs.H < rhs.H;
}
Also note the change to const Book& parameters, to avoid copying.

Related

multiset count method not working with class comparator

I have this struct
struct C {
int ID;
int age;
C(int ID, int age) : ID{ID}, age{age} {}
};
I use a comparator function for a multiset
bool fncomp (const C& lhs, const C& rhs) {
return lhs.age < rhs.age;
}
multiset<C, decltype(fncomp)*> ms{fncomp};
ms.emplace(1, 15);
...
// this works fine
ms.count(C(1, 15));
However if I use a class comparator, this is no longer working.
struct classcomp {
bool operator() (const C& lhs, const C& rhs) {
return lhs.age < rhs.age;
}
};
multiset<C, classcomp> ms;
ms.emplace(1, 15);
...
// error
// ms.count(C(1, 15));
Anything makes the two different?
Elaborating on my comment above:
multiset::count is a const member function, which means that it operates on a const multiset. This includes the member variables of the multiset. The comparator is a member variable of the multiset.
Since your classcomp::operator() is not marked const, it can't be called on a const object, and so it fails to compile.
This works for the function pointer example, because it's the pointer that is const in that case.
bool operator() (const C& lhs, const C& rhs) const {
return lhs.age < rhs.age;
}
This would fix things to compile in this link you provided, courtesy of #Marshall -> https://stackoverflow.com/a/71384594/10630957

Declaring priority_queue for user-defined class

I have a class named Customer which is overloading the < operator:
bool Customer::operator<(const Customer &other) {
return this->price < other.price;
}
but when I try to initialize the priority queue I get pages of errors.
Customer c1(10,5,12,30);// last parameter is price
Customer c2(10,5,12,2);
priority_queue<Customer , vector<Customer> , less<Customer> > barQ;
barQ.push(c2);
barQ.push(c1);
cout<<barQ.top().price;
Then, i accidentally found out that when i initialize it in following way:
Customer c1(10,5,12,30);
Customer c2(10,5,12,2);
priority_queue<Customer* , vector<Customer*> , less<Customer*> > barQ;
barQ.push(&c2);
barQ.push(&c1);
cout<<barQ.top()->price;
I got no errors and it works well.
So my question is that what's the difference between Customer & Customer*?
I thought it should work when I declare it with Customer, NOT Customer* , why it works otherwise?
The signature of std::less::operator() is (taken from cppreference):
bool operator()( const T& lhs, const T& rhs ) const; // (until C++14)
constexpr bool operator()( const T& lhs, const T& rhs ) const; //(since C++14)
Note the it takes both parameters as const, thus it can only call a const operator<:
bool Customer::operator<(const Customer &other) const { // <--- add const here
return this->price < other.price;
}
Your second code is not really doing what you want it to do, because it uses the built-in operator< for pointers.
you are missing const in operator overload
bool operator<(const Customer &other) const {
return this->price < other.price;
}
you can also use your own comparator instead of std::less. Here is how we can write it.
template<typename type>
struct mycomp {
bool operator()(const type & first, const type & second) const {
return first.price < second.price;
}
};
struct Customer {
int price;
};
int main(){
Customer c1{3};// last parameter is price
Customer c2{2};
priority_queue<Customer , vector<Customer> , mycomp<Customer> > barQ;
barQ.push(c2);
barQ.push(c1);
cout<<barQ.top().price;
return 0;
}
set::less<> doesn't gives an error with Customer* pointer because pointers comparisons can happen as int and it doesn't look for the custom implementation. which is not the case with Customer.

How to create custom class used with std set copy assignment?

I try to create a custom class used with std::set. I know I need to provide a custom comparator for it so I overloaded the operator<. But when I try to copy the set with the code set<Edge> a; set<Edge> b = a;,
I get the following error:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include/c++/v1/__functional_base:63:21: Invalid operands to binary expression ('const Edge' and 'const Edge')
class Edge {
public:
Edge(int V, int W, double Weight):v(V),w(W),weight(Weight){}
int other(int vertex){ return v ? w : vertex == w;}
int v,w;
double weight;
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Edge& e)
{
out<<e.v<<' '<<e.w<<' '<<"weight:"<<e.weight<<'\n';
return out;
}
bool operator<(const Edge& other)
{
return weight < other.weight;
}
};
Make
bool operator<(const Edge& other) const
as the comparison operator must be marked const. The keys in a std::set are const, so the operator< is invoked on a const instance, hence must be marked const.

Overloading a bool operator with a member function

I have a class like this:
class AI
{
private:
struct Comparator
{
bool operator()(const Town* lfs, const Town* rhs)
{
return GetHeuristicCost(lfs) > GetHeuristicCost(rhs);
}
};
int GetHeuristicCost(const Town* town);
// constructor and variables
};
GetHeuristicCost returns the heuristic from the town parameter to the exit of the path.
What I am trying to do is overload the bool operator for a priority queue but it gives me the error
a nonstatic member reference must be relative to a specific object
I know why it is giving me this error but what I don't know is how to use a nonstatic function inside the Comparator struct.
GetHeuristicCost must be nonstatic
I tried moving GetHeuristicCost inside the Town class to no avail
I need to overload the operator with a struct because I need to use two different bool overloadings on the () for two different circumstances but with the same parameters (two Towns). In other words I need the struct so I can't do this:
bool operator()(const Town* lfs, const Town* rhs)
{
return GetHeuristicCost(lfs) > GetHeuristicCost(rhs);
}
Basically I plan on having two structs like this:
struct Comparator1
{
bool operator()(const Town* lfs, const Town* rhs)
{
return GetHeuristicCost(lfs) > GetHeuristicCost(rhs);
}
};
struct Comparator2
{
bool operator()(const Town* lfs, const Town* rhs)
{
return GetHeuristicCost(lfs) + GetTotalCost (lfs, rhs) > GetHeuristicCost(rhs) + GetTotalCost (lfs, rhs);
}
};
You need to construct instances of the Comparator nested class with a pointer/reference to their "outer" class instance.
class AI
{
private:
struct Comparator
{
const AI &outer;
Comparator(const AI &o):outer(o){}
bool operator()(const Town* lfs, const Town* rhs)const
{
return outer.GetHeuristicCost(lfs) > outer.GetHeuristicCost(rhs);
}
};
int GetHeuristicCost(const Town* town)const;
};
// how to use in code:
AI::Comparator comp(*this);
priority_queue<Town*, vector<Town*>, AI::Comparator> priorityQueue(comp);

The priority_queue of STL in c++

I want to construct two priority queue that has different compare method(there are two reverse priority methods named cmp1 and cmp2)
My program can't go through the compiler check.Why does such error happen and is there any better solution?
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct item
{
string name;
string sex;
string id;
double score;
friend istream& operator >> (istream &is,item& data)
{
is>>data.name>>data.sex>>data.id>>data.score;
}
/*friend bool operator < (item& a,item& b)
{
return a.score<b.score;
}*/
};
struct cmp1{
operator bool()(item& x,item& y)
{
return x.score>y.score;
}
};
struct cmp2
{
operator bool()(item& x,item& y)
{
return x.score<y.score;
}
};
int main()
{
priority_queue<item,vector<item>,cmp1> boys;
priority_queue<item,vector<item>,cmp2>girls;
item temp;
int num;
cin>>num>>temp;
for(int i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if(temp.sex=="M")
boys.push(temp);
else
girls.push(temp);
}
return 0;
}
I'm going to take a wild guess at the problem.... your comparison functors are incorrect. Instead of overloading operator bool, you need to overload the function call operator, i.e.
struct cmp1{
bool operator()(const item& x, const item& y)
{
return x.score>y.score;
}
};
struct cmp2
{
bool operator()(const item& x, const item& y)
{
return x.score<y.score;
}
};
(Perhaps this was what you intended, but just got the syntax a little wrong?)
Actually, I think the best way to do it is to use std::less and std::greater. If you have overloaded operator< and operator> for your class, you can do it like this:
std::priority_queue<item, std::vector<item>, std::greater<item>> boys;
std::priority_queue<item, std::vector<item>, std::less<item>> girls;
That way you don't have to write the functor. Don't forget to #include <functional>.
Also, don't forget that the operators have to be overloaded taking const ref arguments (you can also take them by value, but that's not usually a good idea), and as const methods, like in:
bool operator<(const item& i) const {
return value < i.value;
}
bool operator>(const item& i) const {
return value > i.value;
}
Change your operator functions to this:
struct cmp1{
bool operator()(item& x,item& y)
{
return x.score>y.score;
}
};
struct cmp2
{
bool operator()(item& x,item& y)
{
return x.score<y.score;
}
};
You have defined the methods in the comparison classes wrong.
Try the following code:
struct cmp1{
bool operator()(item& x,item& y)
{
return x.score>y.score;
}
};
You have defined the methods as operator bool() ....
Also it is nice to add const to the parameters, as const item& x for showing that you won't change their values, as well a const at the end of the function definition:
bool operator()(const item& x, const item& y) const {...}
for showing that you won't change the member fields too.
I will write the third correct version of the predcate
struct cmp1
{
bool operator()( const item &x, const item &y ) const
{
return x.score > y.score;
}
};
struct cmp2
{
bool operator()( const item &x, const item &y ) const
{
return x.score < y.score;
}
};