I have a number of .css files spread across some directories. I need to find those .css files, read them and if they contain a particular class definition, print it to the screen.
For example, im looking for ".ExampleClass" and it exists in /includes/css/MyStyle.css, i would want the shell command to print
.ExampleClass {
color: #ff0000;
}
Use find to filter on all css files and execute a sed script on those files printing lines, between two regular expressions:
find ${DIR} -type f -name "*.css" -exec sed -n '/\.ExampleClass.{/,/}/p' \{\} \+
Considering that the css file can have multiline class definitions, and that there can be several ocurrences in the same file, I'd bet perl is the way to go.
For example:
#input: css filename , and css class name without dot (in the example, ExampleClass)
my ($filen,$classn) = #ARGV;
my $out = findclassuse($filen,$classn);
# print filename and result if non empty
print ("===== $filen : ==== \n" . $out . "\n") if ($out);
sub findclassuse {
my ($filename,$classname) = #_;
my $output = "";
open(my $fh, '<', $filename) or die $!;
$/ = undef; # so that i read the full file content
my $css = <$fh>;
$css =~ s#/\*.*?\*/# #g; # strip out comments
close $fh;
while($css =~ /([^}{]*\.$classname\b.*?{.*?})/gs) {
$output .= "\n\n" . $1;
}
return $output;
}
But this is not 100% foolproof, there remains some issues with comments, and the css parsing is surely not perfect.
find /starting/directory -type f -name '*.css' | xargs -ti grep '\.ExampleClass' {}
will find all the css files, print the filename and search string and then print the results of the grep. You could pipe the output through sed to remove any unnecessary text.
ETA: the regex needs work if we want to catch multiline expressions. Likely the EOL character should be set to } so that complete classes are considered one line. If this were done, then piping the find to perl -e rather than grep would be more effective
Assuming you never do anything weird, like putting the opening brace on a separate line, or putting an unindented (nested) closing brace before the intended one, you can do this:
sed -n '/\.ExampleClass *{/,/^}/p' *.css
And if the files are all over a directory structure:
find . -name *.css | xargs sed ...
This version handles multi-line blocks as well as blocks on a single line:
sed -n '/^[[:space:]]*\.ExampleClass[[:space:]]*{/{p;q}; /^[[:space:]]*\.ExampleClass[[:space:]]*{/,/}/p'
Examples:
foo { bar }
or
foo {
bar
}
Related
I'm not the greatest with awk, perl, or sed, and I can't figure out how to replace a string of text in a file.
The string is somewhat unusual. Actually, there are 2 of them I need to replace in 1 file automatically.
The file contains a single line of text, very long, in JSON format. Per-line replacements won't work.
Here is the text I need to replace. From:
"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",
to
"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",
As you can see there are quotes in the text and slashes I need to enter, as well as commas and multiple occurences of libraries and objects, making my current knowledge of sed, awk, and perl useless.
How can I add the 'pack/' prefix to the text 'libraries' and 'objects'?
Please don't try and use regex for JSON. It's nasty. Use a JSON parser:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;
my $json_str = '{ "minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects" }';
my $json_ob = decode_json($json_str);
print "Before:", $json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'},"\n";
#pattern replace just the values we're interested in.
$json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'} =~ s,^,pack/,;
$json_ob -> {'objectsLocation'} =~ s,^,pack/,;
print "After: ", $json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'},"\n";
#print single line text blob
print encode_json($json_ob);
print "\n\n";
## or perhaps (formatted, multiline, whitespace):
print to_json($json_ob, { canonical => 1, pretty => 1 } );
This works with the rough sample - if you want a better one, give me more JSON and I'll redraft.
This outputs:
Before:libraries
After: pack/libraries
{"objectsLocation":"pack/objects","minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries"}
{
"librariesLocation" : "pack/libraries",
"minimumVersion" : 2,
"objectsLocation" : "pack/objects"
}
Edit: To do this from a file:
local $/;
open ( my $input, '<', 'source_filename_here' ) or die $!;
open ( my $output, '>', 'output_filename_here' ) or die $!;
my $json_ob = decode_json(<$input>);
#do the transforms
print {$output} encode_json($json_ob);
Or alternatively (reading from STDIN printing to STDOUT just like sed/grep etc.):
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;
my #stuff_to_change = qw ( librariesLocation objectsLocation );
local $/;
#read from stdin or arg on commmand line. E.g.:
#myscript.pl somefile
#cat json_file | myscript.pl
my $json_ob = decode_json(<>);
#pattern replace just the values we're interested in.
for my $thing (#stuff_to_change) {
$json_ob->{$thing} =~ s,^,pack/,;
}
#print single line text blob to STDOUT
print encode_json($json_ob);
How can I add the 'pack/' prefix to the text 'libraries' and 'objects'?
How about a simple sed command:
echo '"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",' > file
sed 's~"\(libraries\|objects\)"~"pack/\1"~g' file
Output:
"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",
To run over ssh:
ssh ip<<'EOF'
sed -i 's~"libraries"~"pack/&"~; s~"objects"~"pack/&"~' file.json
EOF
sed --in-place will do the trick, with the correct escaping
$ echo '"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",' > text.txt
$ sed --in-place 's/"\(libraries\|objects\)"/"pack\/\1"/g' text.txt
$ cat text.txt
"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",
replace pattern "libraries" with "pack/libraries" (using grouping and reuse of matching pattern)
With proper JSON input, you could use jq:
$ jq '.librariesLocation |= "pack/"+., .objectsLocation |= "pack/"+.' <<EOF
{"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects"}
EOF
{
"minimumVersion": 2,
"librariesLocation": "pack/libraries",
"objectsLocation": "objects"
}
{
"minimumVersion": 2,
"librariesLocation": "libraries",
"objectsLocation": "pack/objects"
}
If your input is just a comma-separated list of key/value pairs, you might be able to use jq to turn it into a proper JSON object before filtering, but I don't know jq well enough yet to figure out how.
awk '{gsub(/libraries",|objects",/, "pack/&")}1' file
minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",
I'd like to parse all *.php files, and for each line like
$res = $DB -> query($queryVar);
I need to get:
file_put_contents('php://stderr', print_r($queryVar, TRUE));
$res = $DB -> query($queryVar);
The name of the variable $queryVar may change! I need to get it from the code!
My initial idea:
find -not -path "*/\." -name "*.php" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's,SOMETHING,SOMETHING,'
but it seems to be not possible to get the name of the query variable with sed.
I also started looking at Perl: Perl: append a line after the last line that match a pattern (but incrementing part of the pattern)
But I was able to do only this:
perl -pe 's/(-> query\(.*\))/AAAAA $1 AAAAA\n$1/' < filename.php
With 2 problems: I get the result on standard output, I need something like sed to edit the original file, as I will call it from find | xargs and anyway I get the whole found line and not only the variable:
$res = $DB AAAAA -> query( $SQL) AAAAA
-> query( $SQL);
Given a file named filename.php, you can run the following command:
perl -pi -e 's/^(.+-> query\((.+?)\).*)$/file_put_contents\("php:\/\/stderr", print_r\($2, TRUE\)\);\n$1/;' filename.php
It will update the file in-place with the substitution you intended to perform.
You can use perl's -i flag to edit the file in place.
To only capture the query variable you need to add a capture group within the () part, as follows:
perl -i -pe 's/^(.*-> query\((.*)\);)$/inserted_code_here($2);\n$1/' x.php
Then replace inserted_code_here with whatever you want to put on the line before the query call.
You can use perl like sed. But really, by doing so you throw away a lot of its potential as a language. I couldn't quite tell from your question - is $queryVar a literal, or is it a variable you need to replace?
Why not try this:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Find;
sub process_php {
next unless m/\.php$/;
open( my $input, "<", $File::Find::name ) or warn $!;
open( my $output, ">", $File::Find::name . ".new" )
or warn $!;
while ( my $line = <$input> ) {
my ($query_id) = ( $line =~ m/-> query\((.*)\))/ );
if ($query_id) {
print {$output} "file_put_contents('php://stderr', print_r(",
$query_id, " TRUE));\n";
}
print {$output} $line;
}
close($input);
close($output);
}
find( \&process_php, "/path/to/php/files" );
This will:
search all the '*.php' files under the directory path.
traverse them looking for your string.
If it exists, add a new line just before it.
write a '.new' file, with the new content (Once you're happy this works, you can swap 'em over).
I would like to quickly search and replace with or without regexp in files recursively. In addition, I need to search only in specific files and I do not want to touch the files that do not match my search_pattern otherwise git will think all the parsed files were modified (it what happens with find . --exec sed).
I tried many solutions that I found on internet using find, grep, sed or ack but I don't think they are really good to match specific files only.
Eventually I wrote this perl script:
#!/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Find;
my $search_pattern = $ARGV[0];
my $replace_pattern = $ARGV[1];
my $file_pattern = $ARGV[2];
my $do_replace = 0;
sub process {
return unless -f;
return unless /(.+)[.](c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/;
open F, $_ or print "couldn't open $_\n" && return;
my $file = $_;
my $i = 0;
while (<F>) {
if (m/($search_pattern)/o) {$i++};
}
close F;
if ($do_replace and $i)
{
printf "found $i occurence(s) of $search_pattern in $file\n";
open F, "+>".$file or print "couldn't open $file\n" && return;
while (<F>)
{
s/($search_pattern)/($replace_pattern)/g;
print F;
}
close F;
}
}
find(\&process, ".");
My question is:
Is there any better solution like this one below (which not exists) ?
`repaint -n/(.+)[.](c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/ s/search/replacement/g .`
Subsidiary questions:
How's my perl script ? Not too bad ? Do I really need to reopen every files that match my search_pattern ?
How people deal with this trivial task ? Almost every good text editor have a "Search and Replace in files" feature, but not vim. How vim users can do this ?
Edit:
I also tried this script ff.pl with ff | xargs perl -pi -e 's/foo/bar/g' but it doesnt work as I expected. It created a backup .bak even though I didn't give anything after the -pi. It seems it is the normal behaviour within cygwin but with this I cannot really use perl -pi -e
#!/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Find;
use File::Basename;
my $ext = $ARGV[0];
sub process {
return unless -f;
return unless /\.(c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/;
print $File::Find::name."\n" ;
}
find(\&process, ".");
Reedit:
I finally came across this solution (under cygwin I need to remove the backup files)
find . | egrep '\.(c|h|asm|inc)$' | xargs perl -pi.winsucks -e 's/<search>/<replace>/g'
find . | egrep '\.(c|h|asm|inc)\.winsucks$' | xargs rm
The following is a cleaned up version of your code.
Always include use strict; and use warnings at the top of EVERY perl script. If you're doing file processing, include use autodie; as well.
Go ahead and slurp the entire file. That way you only have to read and write optionally write it once.
Consider using File::Find::Rule for cases like this. Your implmentation using File::Find works, and actually is probably the preferred module in this case, but I like the interface for the latter.
I removed the capture groups from the regex. In ones in the RHS were a bug, and the ones in the LHS were superfluous.
And the code:
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use File::Find;
my $search_pattern = $ARGV[0];
my $replace_pattern = $ARGV[1];
my $file_pattern = $ARGV[2];
my $do_replace = 0;
sub process {
return if !-f;
return if !/[.](?:c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/;
my $data = do {
open my $fh, '<', $_;
local $/;
<$fh>;
};
my $count = $data =~ s/$search_pattern/$replace_pattern/g
or return;
print "found $count occurence(s) of $search_pattern in $_\n";
return if !$do_replace;
open my $fh, '>', $_;
print $fh $data;
close $fh;
}
find(\&process, ".");
Not bad, but several minor notes:
$do_replace is always 0 so it will not replace
in-place open F, "+>" will not work on cygwin + windows
m/($search_pattern)/o /o is good, () is not needed.
$file_pattern is ignored, you overwrite it with your own
s/($search_pattern)/($replace_pattern)/g;
() is unneeded and will actually disturb a counter in the $replace_pattern
/(.+)[.](c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/ should be written as
/\.(c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$/ and maybe /i also
Do I really need to reopen every files that match my search_pattern ?
You don't do.
Have no idea about vim, I use emacs, which has several method to accomplish this.
What's wrong with the following command?
:grep foo **/*.{foo,bar,baz}
:cw
It won't cause any problem with any VCS and is pretty basic Vimming.
You are right that Vim doesn't come with a dedicated "Search and Replace in files" feature but there are plugins for that.
why not just:
grep 'pat' -rl *|xargs sed -i 's/pat/rep/g'
or I didn't understand the Q right?
I suggest find2perl if it doesn't work out of the box, you can tweak the code it generates:
find2perl /tmp \! -name ".*?\.(c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$" -exec "sed -e s/aaa/bbb/g {}"
it will print the following code to stdout:
#! /usr/bin/perl -w
eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$#"}'
if 0; #$running_under_some_shell
use strict;
use File::Find ();
# Set the variable $File::Find::dont_use_nlink if you're using AFS,
# since AFS cheats.
# for the convenience of &wanted calls, including -eval statements:
use vars qw/*name *dir *prune/;
*name = *File::Find::name;
*dir = *File::Find::dir;
*prune = *File::Find::prune;
sub wanted;
sub doexec ($#);
use Cwd ();
my $cwd = Cwd::cwd();
# Traverse desired filesystems
File::Find::find({wanted => \&wanted}, '/tmp');
exit;
sub wanted {
my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid);
(($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid) = lstat($_)) &&
! /^\..*.?\\.\(c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst\)\$\z/s &&
doexec(0, 'sed -e s/aaa/bbb/g {}');
}
sub doexec ($#) {
my $ok = shift;
my #command = #_; # copy so we don't try to s/// aliases to constants
for my $word (#command)
{ $word =~ s#{}#$name#g }
if ($ok) {
my $old = select(STDOUT);
$| = 1;
print "#command";
select($old);
return 0 unless <STDIN> =~ /^y/;
}
chdir $cwd; #sigh
system #command;
chdir $File::Find::dir;
return !$?;
}
If you want to execute, you can pipe it to perl:
find2perl /tmp \! -name ".*?\.(c|h|inc|asm|mac|def|ldf|rst)$" -exec "sed -e s/aaa/bbb/g" | perl
You can try this plugin for Vim:
https://github.com/skwp/greplace.vim
Basically, it allows you to type in a search phases (with/without regex) and ask you for the files to search in.
I'm looking to bulk rename files in the current directory only and remove certain strings from the end of file names.
Sample:
foo-bar-(ab-4529111094).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-(ab-189534).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-bar-(ab-24937932201).txt
the output should look like this:
foo-bar.txt
foo-bar-foo-bar.txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-bar.txt
I want to remove the string -(ab-2492201) at the end of each file name
knowing that the digits can vary in length.
A Perl regex is preferred over modules and without using any utilities and for bash oneliner command is highly preferred.
How to accomplish that in both Perl and Bash Shell on Linux? interested to know both solutions.
Try:
$ rename 's/-\(ab-\d+\)(?=\.txt$)//' *.txt
There's a rename command written in Perl. Its first argument is Perl code describing how to transform a filename. You could use the same s/// command in your own Perl program or one-liner.
If that doesn't work, try prename instead of rename; there's a different, non-Perl-based, rename command installed on some systems, in which case the Perl one may be called prename.
Using Perl Regex to Rename Files
With find, perl, and xargs, you could use this one-liner
find . -type f | perl -pe 'print $_; s/input/output/' | xargs -n2 mv
Results without calling mv should just be
OldName NewName
OldName NewName
OldName NewName
How does it work?
find . -type f outputs file paths (or file names...you control what gets processed by regex here!)
-p prints file paths to be processed by regex, -e executes inline script
print $_ prints the original file name first (independent of -p)
-n2 prints two elements per line
mv gets the input of the previous line
In bash, you could write something like:
for file in *-\(ab-[0-9]*\)*; do
newfile="${file/-(ab-[0-9]*)/}"
mv "$file" "$newfile"
done
When you say under the current directory, do you mean in the current directory, or anywhere in or beaneath the current directory and its descendants?
File::Find is a simple way to do the latter, and is a core module so won't need installing. Like so:
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use File::Find;
find(\&rename, '.');
sub rename {
return unless -f;
my $newname = $_;
return unless $newname =~ s/-\(ab-[0-9]+\)(\.txt)$/$1/i;
print "rename $_, $newname\n";
}
Update
This program will rename all the files with the given filename pattern only within the current directory.
Note that the initial open loop is there only to create sample files for renaming.
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
open my $fh, '>', $_ for qw(
foo-bar-(ab-4529111094).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-(ab-189534).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-bar-(ab-24937932201).txt
);
for (glob '*.txt') {
next unless -f;
my $newname = $_;
next unless $newname =~ s/-\(ab-[0-9]+\)(\.txt)$/$1/i;
print "rename $_, $newname\n";
rename $_, $newname;
}
output
rename foo-bar-(ab-4529111094).txt, foo-bar.txt
rename foo-bar-foo-bar-(ab-189534).txt, foo-bar-foo-bar.txt
rename foo-bar-foo-bar-bar-(ab-24937932201).txt, foo-bar-foo-bar-bar.txt
A simpler, shorter (better ? :) ) rename regex :
rename 's#-\(.*?\)##' foo*.txt
check this:
ls -1 | nawk '/foo-bar-/{old=$0;gsub(/-\(.*\)/,"",$0);system("mv \""old"\" "$0)}'
> ls -1 foo*
foo-bar-(ab-4529111094).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-(ab-189534).txt
foo-bar-foo-bar-bar-(ab-24937932201).txt
> ls -1 | nawk '/foo-bar-/{old=$0;gsub(/-\(.*\)/,"",$0);system("mv \""old"\" "$0)}'
> ls -1 foo*
foo-bar-foo-bar-bar.txt
foo-bar-foo-bar.txt
foo-bar.txt
>
For detailed explanation check here
Another way using just perl:
perl -E'for (<*.*>){ ($new = $_) =~ s/(^.+?)(-\(.+)(\..*$)/$1$3/; say $_." -> ".$new}'
(say ... is nice for testing, just replace it with rename $_,$new or rename($_,$new) )
<*.*> read every file in the current directory
($new = $_) =~ saves the following substitution in $new and leaves $_ as intact
(^.+?) save this match in $1 and non-greedy match from the beginning until...
(-\(.+) the sequence "-( ...anything..." is found. (this match would be saved in $2)
(\..*$) save everything from the last "." (period) before the end ($) of the line until and including the end of the line -> into $3
substitute the match with the string generated from $1$3
( you could also do it for a specific directory with perl -E'for (</tmp/my/directory/*.*>){ .....
I've got a few files named stuff like this: file (2).jpg. I'm writing a little Perl script to rename them, but I get errors due to the brackets not being replaced. So. Can someone tell me how to escape all the brackets (and spaces, if they cause a problem) in a string so I can pass it to a command. The script is below:
#Load all jpgs into an array.
#pix = `ls *.JPG`;
foreach $pix (#pix) {
#Let you know it's working
print "Processing photo ".$pix;
$pix2 = $pix;
$pix2 =~ \Q$pix\E; # Problem line
#Use the program exiv2 to rename the file with timestamp
system("exiv2 -r %Y_%m%d_%H%M%S $pix2");
}
The error is this:
Can't call method "Q" without a package or object reference at script.sh line [problem line].
This is my first time with regex, so I'm looking for the answers that explain what to do as well as giving an answer. Thanks for any help.
Why do not use a simple?
find . -name \*.JPG -exec exiv2 -r "%Y_%m%d_%H%M%S" "{}" \;
Ps:
The \Q disabling pattern metacharacters until \E inside the regex.
For example, if you want match a path "../../../somefile.jpg", you can write:
$file =~ m:\Q../../../somefile.jpg\E:;
instead of
$file =~ m:\.\./\.\./\.\./somefile\.jpg:; #e.g. escaping all "dots" what are an metacharacter for regex.
I found this perl renaming script that was written by Larry Wall a while back... it does what you need and so much more. I keep in in my $PATH, and use it daily...
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use Getopt::Std;
getopts('ht', \%cliopts);
do_help() if( $cliopts{'h'} );
#
# rename script examples from lwall:
# pRename.pl 's/\.orig$//' *.orig
# pRename.pl 'y/A-Z/a-z/ unless /^Make/' *
# pRename.pl '$_ .= ".bad"' *.f
# pRename.pl 'print "$_: "; s/foo/bar/ if <stdin> =~ /^y/i' *
$op = shift;
for (#ARGV) {
$was = $_;
eval $op;
die $# if $#;
unless( $was eq $_ ) {
if( $cliopts{'t'} ) {
print "mv $was $_\n";
} else {
rename($was,$_) || warn "Cannot rename $was to $_: $!\n";
}
}
}
sub do_help {
my $help = qq{
Usage examples for the rename script example from Larry Wall:
pRename.pl 's/\.orig\$//' *.orig
pRename.pl 'y/A-Z/a-z/ unless /^Make/' *
pRename.pl '\$_ .= ".bad"' *.f
pRename.pl 'print "\$_: "; s/foo/bar/ if <stdin> =~ /^y/i' *
CLI Options:
-h This help page
-t Test only, do not move the files
};
die "$help\n";
return 0;
}