I can't see what I'm doing wrong. I think it might be one of the Rule of Three methods. Codepad link
#include <deque>
//#include <string>
//#include <utility>
//#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
//#include <algorithm> // I use sort(), so why does this still compile when commented out?
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
using namespace std;
namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
class Page
{
public:
// constructor
Page(const char* path, const char* data, int size) :
path_(fs::path(path)),
size_(size),
data_(new char[size])
{
// cout << "Creating Page..." << endl;
strncpy(data_, data, size);
// cout << "done creating Page..." << endl;
}
// copy constructor
Page(const Page& other) :
path_(fs::path(other.path())),
size_(other.size()),
data_(new char[other.size()])
{
// cout << "Copying Page..." << endl;
strncpy(data_, other.data(), size_);
// cout << "done copying Page..." << endl;
}
// destructor
~Page() { delete[] data_; }
// accessors
const fs::path& path() const { return path_; }
const char* data() const { return data_; }
int size() const { return size_; }
// operators
Page& operator = (const Page& other) {
if (this == &other)
return *this;
char* newImage = new char[other.size()];
strncpy(newImage, other.data(), other.size());
delete[] data_;
data_ = newImage;
return *this;
}
bool operator < (const Page& other) const { return path_ < other.path(); }
private:
fs::path path_;
int size_;
char* data_;
};
class Book
{
public:
Book(const char* path) :
path_(fs::path(path))
{
cout << "Creating Book..." << endl;
cout << "pushing back #1" << endl;
pages_.push_back(Page("image1.jpg", "firstImage", 10));
cout << "pushing back #3" << endl;
pages_.push_back(Page("image3.jpg", "thirdImage", 10));
cout << "pushing back #2" << endl;
pages_.push_back(Page("image2.jpg", "secondImage", 11));
cout << "testing operator <" << endl;
cout << pages_[0].path().string() << (pages_[0] < pages_[1]? " < " : " > ") << pages_[1].path().string() << endl;
cout << pages_[1].path().string() << (pages_[1] < pages_[2]? " < " : " > ") << pages_[2].path().string() << endl;
cout << pages_[0].path().string() << (pages_[0] < pages_[2]? " < " : " > ") << pages_[2].path().string() << endl;
cout << "sorting" << endl;
BOOST_FOREACH (Page p, pages_)
cout << p.path().string() << endl;
sort(pages_.begin(), pages_.end());
cout << "done sorting\n";
BOOST_FOREACH (Page p, pages_)
cout << p.path().string() << endl;
cout << "done Creating Book" << endl;
}
private:
deque<Page> pages_;
fs::path path_;
};
int main() {
Book* book = new Book("/some/path/");
}
I just kept messing around, and realized that my assignment operator needs to copy all the other parameters over as well, not just the heap allocated ones.
Man do I feel dumb. >_<
Btw followup question: Is there a way to do the sorting without needing to strncpy() all the buffers and just swap the pointer addresses around instead?
edit:
tnx dirkgently. Yeah that's what it was, sry didn't see your comment before I posted this.
Related
I would Like to construct a class that contains itself but I have to avoid an endless loop. For example I started of my class
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
class box {
protected:
int id;
vector<box*> intmega;
int n = 10;
public:
box(box const& autre, int id) : n(autre.n), id(id) {
for (auto& element : autre.get_intmega()) {
intmega.push_back(new box(*element, id + 100));
}
cout << "A new object has seen light" << endl;
}
box(int id) : n(10), id(id) { cout << "Created Box" << endl; }
void ajoute2(box& autre) { intmega.push_back(new box(autre)); }
int size_() const { return intmega.size(); }
int number() const { return n; }
box* get() { return intmega[0]; }
vector<box*> get_intmega() const { return intmega; }
int getId() const { return id; }
~box() {
cout << this << endl;
for (auto element : this->intmega)
delete element;
}
};
void affichel(box const& autre) {
cout << "Box :" << autre.getId() << endl;
cout << "Box :" << &autre << endl;
}
void affiche(box& autre) {
for (auto* element : autre.get_intmega()) {
affichel(*element);
affiche(*element);
cout << endl;
}
}
int main() {
box box1(1);
box box2(2);
box box3(3);
box2.ajoute2(box3);
box1.ajoute2(box2);
box box4(box1, 4);
affiche(box1);
cout << "Box1 Address : " << &box1 << endl;
affiche(box4);
cout << "Box4 Address : " << &box4 << endl;
return 0;
}
Everything works fine but upon calling the destructor disaster.
It deletes all objects but it gets into an endless loop of deleting an object that has already been deleted. Any suggestions help?
I made those slight modifications and now my program works just fine.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
class box
{
protected:
vector<box*> intmega;
int n = 10;
public:
box(box const &autre) : n(autre.n)
{
for (auto &element : autre.get_intmega())
{
intmega.push_back(new box(*element));
}
cout << "A new object has seen light" << endl;
cout<<this<<endl;
}
box()
{
cout << "Created Box" << endl;
cout<<this<<endl;
}
void ajoute2(box & autre){
intmega.push_back(new box(autre));
}
int size_() const
{
return intmega.size();
}
int number() const
{
return n;
}
vector<box *> get_intmega() const
{
return intmega;
}
~box()
{
cout<<this<<endl;
for(auto element: this->intmega){
delete element;
}
}
};
void affichel(box const &autre)
{
cout << "Box :" << &autre<< endl;
}
void affiche(box &autre)
{
for (auto *element : autre.get_intmega())
{
affichel(*element);
affiche(*element);
cout << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
box box1;
box box2;
box box3;
box box4;
box3.ajoute2(box4);
box2.ajoute2(box3);
box1.ajoute2(box2);
box box5(box1);
affiche(box1);
cout << "Box1 Address : " << &box1 << endl ;
affiche(box5);
cout << "Box5 Address : " << &box4 << endl ;
return 0;
}
I need to output the 5 largest files from the directory. For this, I use a boost filesystem c++. In the process of writing the program, I encountered difficulties. I can output all files from the directory, file size, file creation date and file attributes. In the vector I put the names of the files, but I just can not figure out how to sort by size. I need to output the 5 largest files from the specified directory. I think that you must first sort by file size by descending. That is, from a larger value to a smaller one. And then the scans are not needed. Most likely it needs to be done in a loop. Help me please.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost::filesystem;
void ShowAttributes(DWORD attributes);
void AttribFile(const char* str);
void Attrib();
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
SetConsoleCP(1251);
SetConsoleOutputCP(1251);
if (argc < 2)
{
cout << "Using Name Directory" << endl;
return 1;
}
path Part(argv[1]);
try
{
if (exists(Part))
{
if (is_regular_file(Part))
{
cout << Part << " Size " << file_size(Part) << " bytes ";
time_t Time = last_write_time(Part);
cout << asctime(localtime(&Time)) << endl;
}
else if (is_directory(Part))
{
cout << "Directory " << Part << " include:" << endl;
vector<string> vecList;
for (auto j : directory_iterator(Part))
vecList.push_back(j.path().filename().string());
sort(vecList.begin(), vecList.end());
string filePath;
for (auto i : vecList)
{
cout << " " << i;
filePath = Part.parent_path().string() + "/" + i;
if (is_regular_file(filePath))
{
if (Is_Executable_File(filePath))
cout << "*";
cout << " Size " << file_size(filePath) << " bytes ";
time_t Time = last_write_time(Part);
cout << asctime(localtime(&Time)) << endl;
AttribFile(filePath.c_str());
}
cout << endl;
}
}
}
else
cout << Part << " Erroe!" << endl;
}
catch (const filesystem_error& ex)
{
cout << ex.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
void ShowAttributes(DWORD attributes)
{
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
cout << " archive" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
cout << " directory" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)
cout << " hidden" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL)
cout << " normal" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
cout << " read only" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)
cout << " system" << endl;
if (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY)
cout << " temporary" << endl;
}
void AttribFile(const char* str)
{
DWORD attributes;
attributes = GetFileAttributesA(str);
ShowAttributes(attributes);
}
void Attrib()
{
char filename[MAX_PATH];
DWORD attributes;
cout << "Name of file: ";
cin >> filename;
attributes = GetFileAttributesA(filename);
ShowAttributes(attributes);
}
create a class or struct to hold the information you need on each file, e.g.
struct MyFile
{
std::string name;
size_t size;
}
create a vector of these and read all files from your folder
then sort the vector and give a custom comparison (e.g. in form of a lambda), see Sorting a vector of custom objects for details on that
Here's a program based on just the standard library that does what you seem to intend:
Live On Coliru
Update: Using C++11 and Boost Filesystem instead: Live On Coliru
#include <algorithm>
#include <filesystem>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
struct tm *last_modified(fs::path const &p) {
auto ftime = fs::last_write_time(p);
auto cftime = decltype(ftime)::clock::to_time_t(ftime);
return std::localtime(&cftime);
}
bool is_executable(fs::path const& p) {
return fs::perms::none != (fs::status(p).permissions() &
(fs::perms::owner_exec |
fs::perms::group_exec |
fs::perms::others_exec));
}
void report(fs::path const& file) {
if (is_executable(file))
std::cout << "*";
std::cout << file << "\tSize:" << fs::file_size(file);
std::cout << "\tModified:" << std::asctime(last_modified(file));
}
template <typename Accessor, typename Cmp = std::less<> >
static auto compare_by(Accessor&& f, Cmp cmp = {}) {
return [f=std::forward<Accessor>(f),cmp](auto const& a, auto const& b) {
return cmp(f(a), f(b));
};
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc < 2) {
std::cout << "Using: " << argv[0] << " [Name|Directory]" << std::endl;
return 1;
}
fs::path filespec(argv[1]);
try {
if (is_regular_file(filespec)) {
// print
report(filespec);
} else if (is_directory(filespec)) {
std::cout << "Directory " << filespec << " include:" << std::endl;
std::vector<fs::directory_entry> const entries { fs::directory_iterator{filespec}, {} };
// filter just files
std::vector<fs::path> files;
std::remove_copy_if(entries.begin(), entries.end(),
back_inserter(files),
[](auto& de) { return de.is_directory(); });
// get the top 5, or fewer
auto b = files.begin(),
top5 = b + std::min(5ul, files.size()),
e = files.end();
// ordered by size, descending
std::partial_sort(b, top5, e,
compare_by([](auto& p) { return fs::file_size(p); }, std::greater<>{}));
files.erase(top5, e);
// print
for (auto& f : files)
report(f);
} else {
std::cout << filespec << " Error!" << std::endl;
}
} catch (const fs::filesystem_error &ex) {
std::cout << ex.what() << std::endl;
}
}
Prints, e.g. for ./a.out /usr/lib:
Directory "/usr/lib/" include:
"/usr/lib/libruby-1.9.1-static.a" Size:3654748 Modified:Wed Nov 19 21:41:25 2014
"/usr/lib/libruby-1.9.1.so.1.9.1" Size:2087600 Modified:Wed Nov 19 21:41:20 2014
"/usr/lib/libruby-1.9.1.so" Size:2087600 Modified:Wed Nov 19 21:41:20 2014
"/usr/lib/libruby-1.9.1.so.1.9" Size:2087600 Modified:Wed Nov 19 21:41:20 2014
"/usr/lib/libc++.so.1" Size:1460461 Modified:Mon Sep 8 20:01:17 2014
I'm trying to overload the << operator for the display function call.
Heres my code:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
// global variable
const int MAX = 3;
// class definition
class CString{
char str[MAX+1];
public:
CString(char* param){
if(param == nullptr){
str[0] = '\0';
return;
}
strncpy(str,param,MAX);
str[MAX] = '\0';
}
void display(ostream& os){
os << str;
}
};
// << operator overloading
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, CString& cs){
static int call = 0;
os << call << ": ";
cs.display(os);
call++;
return os;
}
void process(char* parm){
CString cs(parm);
// here is where my issue is
cs.display(cout);
cout << endl;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
cout << "Command Liine : ";
for(int arg = 0; arg < argc ; arg++){
cout << " " << argv[arg];
}
cout << endl;
if( argc == 1){
cout << "Insufffiecentnumber of arguemnts (min1)" << endl;
return 1;
}
cout << " Maxium numver of characters stored: " << MAX << endl;
for(int arg = 1; arg < argc; arg++){
process(argv[arg]);
}
return 0;
}
EDIT:
Here is the correct output and the output I have:
Correct:
Command Line : w1 oop345 btp305
Maximum number of characters stored : 3
0: oop
1: btp
Mine:
Command Line : w1 OOP345 DBS305
Maxium number of characters stored: 3
OOP
DBS
I'm having an issue with my << operator not working, I can't seem to figure it out. The ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, CString& cs) does not seem to be loading its syntax.
Question:
Does anyone know where my mistake has been made?
You wrote a correct overloading of << operator, but in method process() you used a public method display() of class CString instead of using << operator directly.
Just change one line in method process():
cs.display(cout); to: cout << cs;
void process(char* parm){
CString cs(parm);
// here is where my issue is
cout << cs;
cout << endl;
}
P.S. you do not need method CString::display at all as you already overload << operator for this class.
In this program, I am using template class, I have a header file and this is my main file. I am having trouble displaying the (".....") IndexOutOfBounds and displaying it on the screen.
#include "XArray.h"
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
void afriend ( XArray<T> );
int main()
{
XArray<double> myAD(18);
myAD.randGen(15, 100);
cout << myAD.getType() << endl;
cout << setprecision(1) << fixed << "\n\n Unsorted: " << myAD;
myAD.sort();
cout << "\n Now Sorted: " << myAD;
cout << "\n\n";
**try
{
cout << "A[-5] = " << setw(6) << myAD[-5] << endl;
}
catch(XArray<double>::IndexOutOfBound e)
{
e.print();
}
try
{
cout << "A[8] = " << setw(6) << myAD[8] << endl;
}
catch(XArray<double>::IndexOutOfBound e)
{
e.print();
}**
cout << "\n\n" << setprecision(2) << fixed;
cout << "Size = " << setw(6) << myAD.getSize() << endl;
cout << "Mean = " << setw(6) << myAD.mean() << endl;
cout << "Median = " << setw(6) << myAD.median() << endl;
cout << "STD = " << setw(6) << myAD.std() << endl;
cout << "Min # = " << setw(6) << myAD.min() << endl;
cout << "Max # = " << setw(6) << myAD.max() << endl;
return 0;
}
There is the Array.h file posted as a dropbox link
Array.h
The code for operator[] in Array.h is:
template <class T>
T XArray<T>::operator[] (int idx)
{
if( (idx = 0) && (idx < size) )
{
return Array[idx];
}
else
{
throw IndexOutOfBound();
return numeric_limits<T>::epsilon();
}
}
Although the question is somewhat obscure, give a try to these suggestions.
Firstly, it can happen that XArray<>::IndexOutOfBounds have no proper copy ctor. You can try catching by const reference to workaround that:
try
{
...
}
catch(const XArray<double>::IndexOutOfBound& e)
{
e.print();
}
Index operator in standard library containers does not check for bounds, there is a special getter that does the check called at(). If the XArray class is designed with standard library in mind, it could behave similarly.
However to get more adequate response you need to be more specific describing the trouble you are having.
I'm still wondering what exact question is.
However, I'm understanding the question is that how I can use 'catch' by using 'IndexOutOfBound'.
#include <exception>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
class Array
{
private:
int m_nLength;
T *m_ptData;
public:
...
...
T& operator[](int nIndex)
{
//assert(nIndex >= 0 && nIndex < m_nLength);
if(nIndex < 0 || nIndex > m_nLength)
{
throw myex;
}
else
{
return m_ptData[nIndex];
}
}
//class definition for 'IndexOutOfBound'
class IndexOutOfBound: public exception
{
public:
virtual const char* print() const throw()
{
return "Exception occured 'Index Out Of Bound'";
}
}myex;
};
int main()
{
Array<double> arr(3);
try
{
arr[0] = 1;
//exception will occur here.
arr[4] = 2;
}
catch(Array<double>::IndexOutOfBound &e)
{
cout << e.print() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
Here is no 'XArray.h', so I've written a sample array class for example.
The problem is in the operator[] function. The code idx = 0 sets idx to 0. So all of your calls to operator[] will return the first element, and therefore there is no out-of-bounds error unless the array is empty.
You probably meant to write if ( idx >= 0 && idx < size ).
BTW the throw aborts the function, it makes no sense to return after throw.
Hello I've got some troubles to delete a member string of my class which is isn't null and which points to the right location since I can display my string "hello world" just before.
I call the function mystringclass::alloc() from another member function afterwards this->str was supposed to get another string content larger.
The process worked fine a first time when I resized the same way "hello" to get "hello world". But now I want to enlarge it again it doesn't. So I'm confused.
Please help me.
void mystringclass::alloc(long newsize) //newsize includes the +1 char
{
cout << "old size was: " << this->size << endl; //displays "12"
if(this->str) cout << this->str << endl; //displays "hello world" all is right till here
if(this->str) delete [] this->str ; //it crashes here
cout << "str deleted\n"; //never show up on screen
this->str = new char[newsize + 1];
this->size = newsize;
this->str[0] = 0;
}
Thanks for your answers, I tried to clear my code to post it here. My bug disappeared but another one came up and having something to do with the rule of three:
int main()
{
stringclass str = "Hello";
stringclass str2 = str;
return 0;
}
I display info all along procedures So the problem is that str2 is already equal to "hello" even before affecting the content of str in my copy constructor. And is empty after the copy. What's wrong? As some may say, I learned c++ in a magicbox. I'm using codeblocks 10.05
Full code :
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class stringclass
{
protected :
inline bool success() { failbit = false; return true; }
inline bool fail() { failbit = true; return false; }
public :
bool failbit;
char * mystring;
long memsize;
long length;
void alloc(long newsize);
void reset();
void copy(const stringclass & other);
stringclass() {reset(); }
stringclass(const stringclass & other) {copy(other); }
stringclass(const char str[]);
~stringclass() {delete [] mystring;}
inline long get_length() { if(mystring) length = strlen(mystring); return length;}
inline long get_memsize() const { return memsize; }
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, stringclass & sc){out << sc.mystring; return out;}
stringclass & operator = (stringclass & other) { copy(other); return *this;}
};
void stringclass::reset()
{
delete [] mystring;
mystring = NULL;
length = 0;
memsize = 0;
}
void stringclass::alloc(long newsize)
{
cout<< "\nalloc(long newsize)... \n" << endl;
cout << "memsize was : " << memsize << endl;
cout << "length was : " << length << endl;
if(mystring) cout << "mystring = " << mystring << endl;
delete [] mystring;
cout << "mystring deleted...\n";
mystring = new char[newsize];
cout << "mystring has been resized\n";
mystring[0] = 0;
memsize = newsize;
length = strlen(mystring);
cout << "memsize is now : " << memsize << endl;
cout << "length is now : " << length << endl;
cout<< "\nend of alloc()... " << endl;
cout << "\n";
}
void stringclass::copy(const stringclass & other)
{
cout << "\n";
cout << "copy(const stringclass & other)...\n" << endl;
cout << "other.mystring = "<< other.mystring << endl;
if(other.mystring == NULL || other.memsize == 0)
{
reset();
return;
}
alloc(other.memsize);
strcpy(mystring, other.mystring);
cout << "mystring = "<< mystring;
length = strlen(mystring);
cout << "length: " << length << endl;
cout<< "\nend of copy()... " << endl;
cout << "\n";
}
stringclass::stringclass(const char str[]) : mystring(NULL), memsize(0), length(0)
{
if(str == NULL) reset();
else
{
alloc(strlen(str) + 1);
strcpy(mystring, str);
length = strlen(mystring);
}
}
int main()
{
stringclass str = "Hello";
stringclass str2 = str;
cout << "\nback to main()...\n";
cout << "str = " << str << "\n";
cout << "str2 = " << str2 << "\n";
cout << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
Result on screen :
alloc(long newsize)...
memsize was : 0
length was : 0
mystring deleted...
mystring has been resized
memsize is now : 6
length is now : 0
end of alloc()...
copy(const stringclass & other)...
other.mystring = Hello
alloc(long newsize)...
memsize was : 3214960
length was : 2293560
mystring = Hello
mystring deleted...
mystring has been resized
memsize is now : 6
length is now : 0
end of alloc()...
mystring = length: 0
end of copy()...
back to main()...
str =
str2 =
Appuyez sur une touche pour continuer...
I've just realized that the following code isn't necessary for you :
protected :
inline bool success() { failbit = false; return true; }
inline bool fail() { failbit = true; return false; }
public :
bool failbit;
So I put off these two functions and this variable, and guess what.. all worked fine, no bug. They are not even used once. I put it back and the problem came back as well. How could you explain that?! I'm already losing my hairs.
The fact that you can "display" a string says absolutely nothing unfortunately. De-allocating the string will still make it printable, most likely until it's overwritten by a new llocation and initialization.
Just try to print the string after you've delete[]d it and see.