I'm trying to map a completly normal texture into a sphere.
I can't change my texture to a wrapped one, so I need to find some mapping function.
This is my vertex shader code:
vec3 north = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
vec3 equator = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
vec3 northEquatorCross = cross(equator, north);
vec3 vertexRay = normalize(gl_Vertex.xyz);
float phi = acos(vertexRay.z);
float tv = (phi / (PI*tiling));
float tu = 0.0;
if (vertexRay.z == 1.0 || vertexRay.z == -1.0) {
tu = 0.5;
} else {
float ang_hor = acos(max(min(vertexRay.y / sin(phi), 1.0), -1.0));
float temp = ang_hor / ((2.0*tiling) * PI);
tu = (vertexRay.x >= 0.0) ? temp : 1.0 - temp;
}
texPosition = vec2(tu, tv);
its straight from here:
http://blogs.msdn.com/coding4fun/archive/2006/10/31/912562.aspx
This is my fragment shader:
color = texture2D(debugTex, texPosition);
As you can see in this screenshot: http://img189.imageshack.us/img189/4695/sphereproblem.png,
it shows a crack in the sphere... and this is what I'm trying to fix.
(the texture used: http://img197.imageshack.us/img197/56/debug.jpg)
The first comment in the XNA website really fixes the problems using:
device.RenderState.Wrap0 = WrapCoordinates.Zero;
But because I don't understand enough about XNA internals, I can't understand what this solves in this particular problem.
Around the web, some have experienced the same, and reported to be about interpolation errors, but because I'm implementing this directly as a fragment shaders (per-pixel/frag), I shouldn't have this problem (no interpolation in the texture uv).
Any info/solution on this?
It's funny ! I've had the same problem, but it got fixed, I suspect there are some floating point issues... here is my shader that works!
uniform float r;
void main(void) {
float deg1, deg2, rr, sdeg1, sdeg2, cdeg2;
deg1 = (gl_Vertex.y / " "32" ".0) * 2.0 * 3.1415926;
deg2 = (gl_Vertex.x / " "32" ".0) * 2.0 * 3.1415926;
sdeg1 = sin(deg1);
sdeg2 = sin(deg2);
cdeg2 = cos(deg2);
gl_Vertex.y = r*sdeg1;
rr = r*cos(deg1);
if(rr < 0.0001) rr = 0.0001;
gl_Vertex.x = rr*sdeg2;
gl_Vertex.z = rr*cdeg2;
vec3 vertexRay = normalize(gl_Vertex.xyz);
float phi = acos(vertexRay.y);
float tv = (phi / (3.1415926));
float sphi = sin(phi);
float theta = 0.5;
float temp = vertexRay.z / sphi;
if(temp > 1.0) temp = 1.0;
if(temp < -1.0) temp = -1.0;
theta = acos(temp) / (2.0*3.1415926);
float tu = 0.0;
if(deg2 > 3.1415926) tu = theta;
else tu = 1.0 - theta;
gl_TexCoord[0].x = tu;
gl_TexCoord[0].y = tv;
gl_Position = ftransform();
}
WrapCoordinates.Zero effectively signifies that the texture is wrapped horizontally, not vertically, from the perspective of the texture.
Related
I chose the quite old, but sufficient method of shadow mapping, which is OK overall, but I quickly discovered some self-shadowing problems:
It seems, this problem appears because of the bias offset, which is necessary to eliminate shadow acne artifacts.
After some googling, it seems that there is no easy solution to this, so I tried some shader tricks which worked, but not very well.
My first idea was to perform a calculation of a dot multiplication between a light direction vector and a normal vector. If the result is lower than 0, the angle between vectors is >90 degrees, so this surface is pointing outward at the light source, hence it is not illuminated. This works good, except shadows may appear too sharp and hard:
After I was not satisfied with the results, I tried another trick, by multiplying the shadow value by the abs value of the dot product of light direction and normal vector (based on the normal map), and it did work (hard shadows from the previous image got smooth transition from shadow to regular diffuse color), except it created another artifact in situations, when the normal map normal vector is pointing somewhat at the sun, but the face normal vector does not. It also made self-shadows much brighter (but it is fixable):
Can I do something about it, or should I just choose the lesser evil?
Shader shadows code for example 1:
vec4 fragPosViewSpace = view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
float depthValue = abs(fragPosViewSpace.z);
vec4 fragPosLightSpace = lightSpaceMatrix * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
vec3 projCoords = fragPosLightSpace.xyz / fragPosLightSpace.w;
// transform to [0,1] range
projCoords = projCoords * 0.5 + 0.5;
// get depth of current fragment from light's perspective
float currentDepth = projCoords.z;
// keep the shadow at 0.0 when outside the far_plane region of the light's frustum.
if (currentDepth > 1.0)
{
return 0.0;
}
// calculate bias (based on depth map resolution and slope)
float bias = max(0.005 * (1.0 - dot(normal, lightDir)), 0.0005);
vec2 texelSize = 1.0 / vec2(textureSize(material.texture_shadow, 0));
const int sampleRadius = 2;
const float sampleRadiusCount = pow(sampleRadius * 2 + 1, 2);
for(int x = -sampleRadius; x <= sampleRadius; ++x)
{
for(int y = -sampleRadius; y <= sampleRadius; ++y)
{
float pcfDepth = texture(material.texture_shadow, vec3(projCoords.xy + vec2(x, y) * texelSize, layer)).r;
shadow += (currentDepth - bias) > pcfDepth ? ambientShadow : 0.0;
}
}
shadow /= sampleRadiusCount;
Hard self shadows trick code:
float shadow = 0.0f;
float ambientShadow = 0.9f;
// "Normal" is a face normal vector, "normal" is calculated based on normal map. I know there is a naming problem with that))
float faceNormalDot = dot(Normal, lightDir);
float vectorNormalDot = dot(normal, lightDir);
if (faceNormalDot <= 0 || vectorNormalDot <= 0)
{
shadow = max(abs(vectorNormalDot), ambientShadow);
}
else
{
vec4 fragPosViewSpace = view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
float depthValue = abs(fragPosViewSpace.z);
...
}
Dot product multiplication trick code:
float shadow = 0.0f;
float ambientShadow = 0.9f;
float faceNormalDot = dot(Normal, lightDir);
float vectorNormalDot = dot(normal, lightDir);
if (faceNormalDot <= 0 || vectorNormalDot <= 0)
{
shadow = ambientShadow * abs(vectorNormalDot);
}
else
{
vec4 fragPosViewSpace = view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
float depthValue = abs(fragPosViewSpace.z);
...
I'm writing a simple ray-tracer with lighting using Phong illumination model. But the problem is that there's part of the sphere display a whole different color. For example, the sphere should be only green in this.
I tried to reduce the light intensity, then it somehow displays correctly like this.
This is the code for primary rays
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
Ray ray(gCamera);
float x = iX + j * pSize;
float y = iY - i * pSize;
ray.v = vec3(x * scale, y * scale, 0) - gCamera;
gPixels[i][j] = trace(ray);
}
}
And this is the code for the intersection (testing with sphere at origin without any transformation)
double findIntersection(const Ray& ray) {
dvec3 u = mXfmInverse * dvec4(ray.u, 1.0);
dvec3 v = mXfmInverse * dvec4(ray.v, 0.0);
double a = glm::dot(v, v);
double b = 2 * glm::dot(u, v);
double c = glm::dot(u, u) - 1;
double delta = b * b - 4 * a * c;
if (delta < 0) return -1;
double root = sqrt(delta);
double t0 = 0.5 * (-b - root) / a;
if (t0 >= 0) return t0;
double t1 = 0.5 * (-b + root) / a;
return t1 >= 0 ? t1 : -1;
}
and calculating Phong illumination
Material material = ray.sphere->getMaterial();
// diffuse
dvec3 center = ray.sphere->getXfm() * vec4(0, 0, 0, 1);
dvec3 normal = glm::normalize(hitPoint - center);
dvec3 lightDir = glm::normalize(light.position - hitPoint);
double lambertian = max(glm::dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// specular
double specular = 0;
if (lambertian > 0) {
dvec3 viewDir = glm::normalize(-ray.v);
dvec3 reflectDir = glm::reflect(-lightDir, normal);
specular = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
}
dvec3 color = lambertian * material.diffuse + specular * material.specular;
return color * light.color;
}
I have been trying to wrap my head around physical based rendering these last 2.5 weeks and so far I managed to learn a lot, ask a lot of questions, and have some results, although I still have few problems that I would like to fix but the last few days I am stuck. I am want to continue working/learning more but now I don't know what else to do or how to proceed further, thus I need some guidance :(
One of the first problems that I can not figure out what is happening is when I get close to a shape. There is a cut-off problem with BRDF function that I have implemented. The second and third row are BRDF functions using Spherical Gaussian for Fresnel, and Schlick approximation. The second row Beckmann distribution NDF and the third one uses GGX/Trowbridge-Reitz as NDF.
I started implementing this referring to "Real Shading in Unreal Engine 4" and few other posts found while Google-ing.
What I believe the remaining things to do are:
How to blend diffuse, reflection, and speculal better
Fix the problem with the BRDF cut-off problem
Evaluate if my shaders are producing good results based on the equation (it is the first time for me going this way and some comments would be very helpful as a guide on how to proceed in tweaking things)
Fix specular factor in Phong (first row) shader, now I use material roughness as a blend factor when I mix Phong, skybox reflection and diffuse
The code I use for BRDF's is
// geometry term Cook Torrance
float G(float NdotH, float NdotV, float VdotH, float NdotL) {
float NH2 = 2.0 * NdotH;
float g1 = (NH2 * NdotV) / VdotH;
float g2 = (NH2 * NdotL) / VdotH;
return min(1.0, min(g1, g2));
}
// Fresnel reflection term, Schlick approximation
float R_Fresnel(float VdotH) {
return F0 + (1.0 - F0) * pow(2, (-5.55473 * (VdotH)-6.98316) * (VdotH));
}
// Normal distribution function, GGX/Trowbridge-Reitz
float D_GGX(float NdotH, float roughtness2) {
float a = roughtness2 * roughtness2;
float a2 = a*a;
float t = ((NdotH * NdotH) * (a2 - 1.0) + 1.0);
return a2 / (PI * t * t);
}
// Normal distribution function, Beckmann distribution
float D_Beckmann(float NdotH, float mSquared) {
float r1 = 1.0 / (4.0 * mSquared * pow(NdotH, 4.0));
float r2 = (NdotH * NdotH - 1.0) / (mSquared * NdotH * NdotH);
return (r1 * exp(r2));
}
// COOK TORRANCE BRDF
vec4 cookTorrance(Light light, vec3 direction, vec3 normal) {
// do the lighting calculation for each fragment.
float NdotL = max(dot(normal, direction), 0.0);
float specular = 0.0;
if (NdotL > 0.0)
{
vec3 eyeDir = normalize(cameraPosition);
// calculate intermediary values
vec3 halfVector = normalize(direction + eyeDir);
float NdotH = max(dot(normal, halfVector), 0.0);
float NdotV = max(dot(normal, eyeDir), 0.0);
float VdotH = max(dot(eyeDir, halfVector), 0.0);
float matShininess = (material.shininess / 1000.0);
float mSquared = (0.99 - matShininess) * (0.99 - matShininess);
float geoAtt = G(NdotH, NdotV, VdotH, NdotL);
float roughness = D_Beckmann(NdotH, mSquared);
float fresnel = R_Fresnel(VdotH);
specular = (fresnel * geoAtt * roughness) / (NdotV * NdotL * PI);
}
vec3 finalValue = light.color * NdotL * (k + specular * (1.0 - k));
return vec4(finalValue, 1.0);
}
vec4 cookTorrance_GGX(Light light, vec3 direction, vec3 normal) {
// do the lighting calculation for each fragment.
float NdotL = max(dot(normal, direction), 0.0);
float specular = 0.0;
if (NdotL > 0.0)
{
vec3 eyeDir = normalize(cameraPosition);
// calculate intermediary values
vec3 halfVector = normalize(direction + eyeDir);
float NdotH = max(dot(normal, halfVector), 0.0);
float NdotV = max(dot(normal, eyeDir), 0.0);
float VdotH = max(dot(eyeDir, halfVector), 0.0);
float matShininess = (material.shininess / 1000.0);
float mSquared = (0.99 - matShininess) * (0.99 - matShininess);
float geoAtt = G(NdotH, NdotV, VdotH, NdotL);
// NDF CHANGED TO GGX
float roughness = D_GGX(NdotH, mSquared);
float fresnel = R_Fresnel(VdotH);
specular = (fresnel * geoAtt * roughness) / (NdotV * NdotL * PI);
}
vec3 finalValue = light.color * NdotL * (k + specular * (1.0 - k));
return vec4(finalValue, 1.0);
}
void main() {
//vec4 tempColor = vec4(material.diffuse, 1.0);
vec4 tempColor = vec4(0.1);
// interpolating normals will change the length of the normal, so renormalize the normal.
vec3 normal = normalize(Normal);
vec3 I = normalize(Position - cameraPosition);
vec3 R = reflect(I, normalize(Normal));
vec4 reflection = texture(skybox, R);
// fix blending
float shininess = (material.shininess / 1000.0);
vec4 tempFinalDiffuse = mix(tempColor, reflection, shininess);
vec4 finalValue = cookTorrance_GGX(directionalLight.light, directionalLight.position, normal) + tempFinalDiffuse;
// OR FOR COOK TORRANCE IN THE OTHER SHADER PROGRAM
//vec4 finalValue = cookTorrance(directionalLight.light, directionalLight.position, normal) + tempFinalDiffuse;
gl_FragColor = finalValue;
//gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0); // TESTING AND DEBUGGING FRAG OUT
}
The results i have so far are lik in pictures below
EDIT :: I managed to solve few problems and implement environment sampling given in "Real Shading in Unreal Engine 4" but still I just cant figure out why I have that cut-off problem and I have a problem with reflection now after sampling. :(
Also I moved Phong that i tough in books and online tutorial to BDRF Blinn-Phong for better comparison.
My shader now looks like this.
vec4 brdf_GGX(Light light, vec3 direction, vec3 normal) {
float specular = 0.0;
float matShininess = 1.0 - (material.shininess / 1000.0);
vec2 randomPoint;
vec4 finalColor = vec4(0.0);
vec4 totalLambert = vec4(0.0);
const uint numberSamples = 32;
for (uint sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < numberSamples; sampleIndex++)
{
randomPoint = hammersley2d(sampleIndex, numberSamples);
vec3 H = ImportanceSampleGGX(randomPoint, matShininess, normal);
vec3 L = 2.0 * dot(normal, H) * H - normal;
vec3 R = reflect(L, normalize(normal));
totalLambert += texture(skybox, -R);
}
totalLambert = totalLambert / numberSamples;
float NdotL = max(dot(normal, direction), 0.0);
if (NdotL > 0.0)
{
vec3 eyeDir = normalize(cameraPosition);
// calculate intermediary values
vec3 halfVector = normalize(direction + eyeDir);
float NdotH = max(dot(normal, halfVector), 0.0);
float NdotV = max(dot(normal, eyeDir), 0.0);
float VdotH = max(dot(eyeDir, halfVector), 0.0);
float mSquared = clamp(matShininess * matShininess, 0.01, 0.99);
float geoAtt = G(NdotH, NdotV, VdotH, NdotL);
float roughness = D_Beckmann(NdotH, mSquared);
float fresnel = R_Fresnel(VdotH);
specular = (fresnel * geoAtt * roughness) / (NdotV * NdotL * PI);
}
vec3 finalValue = light.color * NdotL * (k + specular * (1.0 - k));
return vec4(finalValue, 1.0) * totalLambert;
}
Current results look like this (NOTE: I used skybox sampling only in the third GGX model, do the same for other shaders tomorrow)
EDIT:: OK i am figuring out what is happening but still i can not fix it. I have problems when sampling. I have no idea how to translate normalized ray to proper cube map reflection after sampling. If you can notice in pictures I lost the correct reflection that sphere does to environment map. I just have a simple/flat texture on each sphere and now I have no idea how to fix that.
Iam trying to create a procedural water puddle in webGL with "water ripples" by vertex displacement.
The problem I'm having is that I get a noise I can't explain.
Below is the first pass vertex shader where I calculate the vertex positions that i later render to a texture that i then use in the second pass.
void main() {
float damping = 0.5;
vNormal = normal;
// wave radius
float timemod = 0.55;
float ttime = mod(time , timemod);
float frequency = 2.0*PI/waveWidth;
float phase = frequency * 0.21;
vec4 v = vec4(position,1.0);
// Loop through array of start positions
for(int i = 0; i < 200; i++){
float cCenterX = ripplePos[i].x;
float cCenterY = ripplePos[i].y;
vec2 center = vec2(cCenterX, cCenterY) ;
if(center.x == 0.0 && center.y == 0.0)
center = normalize(center);
// wave width
float tolerance = 0.005;
radius = sqrt(pow( uv.x - center.x , 2.0) + pow( uv.y -center.y, 2.0));
// Creating a ripple
float w_height = (tolerance - (min(tolerance,pow(ripplePos[i].z-radius*10.0,2.0)) )) * (1.0-ripplePos[i].z/timemod) *5.82;
// -2.07 in the end to keep plane at right height. Trial and error solution
v.z += waveHeight*(1.0+w_height/tolerance) / 2.0 - 2.07;
vNormal = normal+v.z;
}
vPosition = v.xyz;
gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v;
}
And the first pass fragment shader that writes to the texture:
void main()
{
vec3 p = normalize(vPosition);
p.x = (p.x+1.0)*0.5;
p.y = (p.y+1.0)*0.5;
gl_FragColor = vec4( normalize(p), 1.0);
}
The second vertex shader is a standard passthrough.
Second pass fragmentshader is where I try to calculate the normals to be used for light calculations.
void main() {
float w = 1.0 / 200.0;
float h = 1.0 / 200.0;
// Nearest Nieghbours
vec3 p0 = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV).xyz;
vec3 p1 = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV + vec2(-w, 0)).xyz;
vec3 p2 = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV + vec2( w, 0)).xyz;
vec3 p3 = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV + vec2( 0, h)).xyz;
vec3 p4 = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV + vec2( 0, -h)).xyz;
vec3 nVec1 = p2 - p0;
vec3 nVec2 = p3 - p0;
vec3 vNormal = cross(nVec1, nVec2);
vec3 N = normalize(vNormal);
float theZ = texture2D(rttTexture, vUV).r;
//gl_FragColor = vec4(1.,.0,1.,1.);
//gl_FragColor = texture2D(tDiffuse, vUV);
gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(N), 1.0);
}
The result is this:
The image displays the normalmap and the noise I'm refering to is the inconsistency of the blue.
Here is a live demonstration:
http://oskarhavsvik.se/jonasgerling_water_ripple/waterRTT-clean.html
I appreciate any tips and pointers, not only fixes for this problem. But the code in genereal, I'm here to learn.
After a brief look it seems like your problem is in storing x/y positions.
gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(p0*0.5+0.5), 1.0);
You don't need to store them anyway, because the texel position implicitly gives the x/y value. Just change your normal points to something like this...
vec3 p2 = vec3(1, 0, texture2D(rttTexture, vUV + vec2(w, 0)).z);
Rather than 1, 0 you will want to use a scale appropriate to the size of your displayed quad relative to the wave height. Anyway, the result now looks like this.
The height/z seems to be scaled by distance from the centre, so I went looking for a normalize() and removed it...
vec3 p = vPosition;
gl_FragColor = vec4(p*0.5+0.5, 1.0);
The normals now look like this...
I have a volume rendering program write by OpenGL and GLSL.Now I need calculate a fragment's depth value .The follow code is my fragment shader program
#version 120
//
some needed variable declaration
//
float calculateDepthValue(float t, float entryPointsDepth, float exitPointsDepth)
{
// assign front value given in windows coordinates
float zw_front = entryPointsDepth;
// and convert it into eye coordinates
float ze_front = 1.0 / ((zw_front - const_to_z_e_1)*const_to_z_e_2);
// assign back value given in windows coordinates
float zw_back = exitPointsDepth;
// and convert it into eye coordinates
float ze_back = 1.0 / ((zw_back - const_to_z_e_1)*const_to_z_e_2);
// interpolate in eye coordinates
float ze_current = ze_front + t*(ze_back - ze_front);
// convert back to window coordinates
float zw_current = (1.0 / ze_current)*const_to_z_w_1 + const_to_z_w_2;
return zw_current;
}
float getDepthValue(float t, float tEnd, float entryPointsDepth, float exitPointsDepth)
{
if (t >= 0.0)
return calculateDepthValue(t / tEnd, entryPointsDepth, exitPointsDepth);
else
return 1.0;
}
vec4 compositeDVR(in vec4 curResult, in vec4 color,in float t, in float pvar,inout float tDepth)
{
vec4 result = curResult;
// apply opacity correction to accomodate for variable sampling intervals
color.a = 1.0 - pow(1.0 - color.a, pvar);
result.rgb = result.rgb + (1.0 - result.a) * color.a * color.rgb;
result.a = result.a + (1.0 - result.a) * color.a;
// save first hit ray parameter for depth value calculation
if (tDepth < 0.0)
tDepth = t;
return result;
}
void main()
{
vec2 p = gl_FragCoord.xy * screenDimRCP_;
vec3 start = texture2D(frontTex, p).rgb;
vec3 end = texture2D(texBack, p).rgb;
float entryDepth = texture2D(entryPointsDepth_, p).z;
float exitDepth = texture2D(exitPointsDepth_, p).z;
//
some needed code
//
lookup = texture1D(globalTex, sample);
if (lookup.a > 0.0)
{
lookup.rgb = phongShading(N, texToPhysicalPos, position_, cPos, lookup.rgb, lookup.rgb, vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
//compositeDVR
result = compositeDVR(result, lookup, t, powAlp, tDepth);
}
gl_FragDepth = getDepthValue(tDepth, tEnd, entryDepth, exitDepth);
gl_FragColor = result;
}
In fragment shader,some function come from Voreen's code.my program's result is that gl_FragDepth all equal 1,this is wrong.any people can help me?