Elegant template specialization - c++

Question

Is there an elegant way to specialize a template based on one of its template parameters?
Ie.
template<int N> struct Junk {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return Junk<N - 1>::foo();
}
};
// compile error: template argument '(size * 5)' involves template parameter(s)
template<int N> struct Junk<N*5> {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return N;
}
};
template<> struct Junk<0> {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return 0;
}
};
Ie. I am trying to specialize a template based on the parameter being divisible by 5. The only way I can seem to do it is like below:
template<int N> struct JunkDivisibleBy5 {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return N;
}
};
template<int N> struct Junk {
static int foo() {
// stuff
if ((N - 1) % 5 == 0 && N != 1)
return JunkDivisibleBy5<N - 1>::foo();
else
return Junk<N - 1>::foo();
}
};
template<> struct Junk<0> {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return 0;
}
};
But this is significantly less elegant, and also necessitates instantiation of all templates even if the template argument shouldn't require it.

Answer 1

How's this:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template < typename T, T N, T D >
struct fraction {
typedef T value_type;
static const value_type num = N;
static const value_type denom = D;
static const bool is_div = (num % denom == 0);
};
template< typename T, T N, T D, bool P >
struct do_if {
static void op() { cout << N << " NOT divisible by " << D << endl; }
};
template< typename T, T N, T D >
struct do_if< T, N, D, true > {
static void op() { cout << N << " divisible by " << D << endl; }
};
template < int N >
void foo() {
typedef fraction< int, N, 5 > f;
do_if< typename f::value_type, f::num, f::denom, f::is_div >::op();
}
int main() {
foo< -5 >();
foo< -1 >();
foo< 0 >();
foo< 1 >();
foo< 5 >();
foo< 10000005 >();
return 0;
}

Answer 2

Using D programming language templates, one could write it as:
struct Junk(int N)
{
static int foo()
{
static if (N == 0)
return 0;
else static if ((N % 5) == 0)
return N;
else
return Junk!(N - 1).foo();
}
}
static if's are executed at compile time.

Answer 3

All calculations could be made in compile-time:
#include <iostream>
template<int N> struct Junk {
enum { IsDivisibleBy5 = (N % 5 == 0) };
template<bool D> struct JunkInternal {
enum { Result = Junk<N-1>::Result };
};
template<> struct JunkInternal<true> {
enum { Result = N };
};
enum { Result = JunkInternal<IsDivisibleBy5>::Result };
};
int main(int, char**)
{
std::cout << Junk< 0 >::Result << std::endl;
std::cout << Junk< 7 >::Result << std::endl;
std::cout << Junk< 10 >::Result << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Answer 4

Code
template<int A, bool = !(A % 5)>
struct select : select<A-1> { };
template<int A>
struct select<A, true> { static int const value = A; };
template<>
struct select<0, true> { static int const value = 0; };
int main() {
std::cout << select<1>::value; // 0
std::cout << select<7>::value; // 5
std::cout << select<10>::value; // 10
}
Keep the divisor variable
template<int A, int D, bool = !(A % D)>
struct select : select<A-1, D> { };
template<int A, int D>
struct select<A, D, true> { static int const value = A; };
template<int D>
struct select<0, D, true> { static int const value = 0; };
int main() {
std::cout << select<1, 3>::value; // 0
std::cout << select<7, 3>::value; // 6
std::cout << select<10, 3>::value; // 9
}

Answer 5

Inheritance works quite well:
template<int N> struct Junk : private JunkBase < N % 5 > { };
template<int N> struct JunkBase {
static int foo() {
// stuff
return Junk<N - 1>::foo();
}
};
template< > struct JunkBase<0> {
static int foo() {
return 0;
}
};
You might need to pass N to JunkBase::foo, if you need N/5 too.

Answer 6

I would hardly call it elegant, but here's my version of your code using only templates for computation (along with a test thing) --
#include <iostream>
template < int N > struct JunkDivBy5 {
static int foo() {
return N;
}
};
template < int N > struct Junk {
template < int N1 > struct _JunkCond {
enum { val = ( N1 != 1 && ( N1 - 1 ) % 5 == 0 ) ? 1 : 0 };
};
template < int M, int N1 > struct _JunkBranch { /* Error */ };
template < int N1 > struct _JunkBranch< 1, N1 > {
typedef JunkDivBy5< N1 - 1 > Type;
};
template < int N1 > struct _JunkBranch< 0, N1 > {
typedef Junk< N1 - 1 > Type;
};
static int foo() {
return _JunkBranch< _JunkCond< N >::val, N >::Type::foo();
}
};
template <> struct Junk< 0 > {
static int foo() {
return 0;
}
};
int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
std::cout << Junk< 0 >::foo() << std::endl;
std::cout << Junk< 5 >::foo() << std::endl;
std::cout << Junk< 7 >::foo() << std::endl;
std::cout << Junk< 25 >::foo() << std::endl;
}