I am learning C++ using recommended C++ books. In particular, i read about std::istringstream and saw the following example:
std::string s("some string");
std::istringstream ss(s);
std::string word;
while(ss >> word)
{
std::cout<<word <<" ";
}
Actual Output
some string
Desired Output
string some
My question is that how can we create the above std::istringstream object ss using the reversed string(that contains the word in the reverse order as shown in the desired output)? I looked at std::istringstream's constructors but couldn't find one that takes iterators so that i can pass str.back() and str.begin() instead of passing a std::string.
You can pass iterators to the istringstream constructor indirectly if you use a temporary string:
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::string s{"Hello World\n"};
std::istringstream ss({s.rbegin(),s.rend()});
std::string word;
while(ss >> word)
{
std::cout<<word <<" ";
}
}
Output:
dlroW olleH
Though thats reversing the string, not words. If you want to print words in reverse order a istringstream alone does not help much. You can use some container to store the extracted words and then print them in reverse:
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
std::string s{"Hello World\n"};
std::istringstream ss(s);
std::string word;
std::vector<std::string> words;
while(ss >> word)
{
words.push_back(word);
}
for (auto it = words.rbegin(); it != words.rend(); ++it) std::cout << *it << " ";
}
Output:
World Hello
Since you added the c++20 tag:
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <ranges>
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> vec;
std::string s("some string");
std::string word;
std::istringstream ss(s);
while(ss >> word)
{
vec.push_back(word);
}
for (auto v : vec | std::views::reverse)
{
std::cout << v << ' ';
}
}
Related
I am attempting to write a program which can read in a text file, and store each word in it as an entry in a string type vector. I am sure that I am doing this very wrong, but it has been so long since I have tried to do this that I have forgotten how it is done. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string> input;
ifstream readFile;
vector<string>::iterator it;
it = input.begin();
readFile.open("input.txt");
for (it; ; it++)
{
char cWord[20];
string word;
word = readFile.get(*cWord, 20, '\n');
if (!readFile.eof())
{
input.push_back(word);
}
else
break;
}
cout << "Vector Size is now %d" << input.size();
return 0;
}
One of the many possible ways is a simple:
std::vector<std::string> words;
std::ifstream file("input.txt");
std::string word;
while (file >> word) {
words.push_back(word);
}
operator >> takes care of only words divided by whitespaces (including new-lines) being read.
And in case you would be reading it by lines, you might also need to explicitly handle empty lines:
std::vector<std::string> lines;
std::ifstream file("input.txt");
std::string line;
while ( std::getline(file, line) ) {
if ( !line.empty() )
lines.push_back(line);
}
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string> input;
ifstream readFile("input.txt");
copy(istream_iterator<string>(readFile), {}, back_inserter(input));
cout << "Vector Size is now " << input.size();
}
Or, shorter:
int main()
{
ifstream readFile("input.txt");
cout << "Vector Size is now " << vector<string>(istream_iterator<string>(readFile), {}).size();
}
I'm not going to explain, because there's about a zillion explanations on StackOverflow already :)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i=0;
char a[100][100];
do {
cin>>a[i];
i++;
}while( strcmp(a[i],"\n") !=0 );
for(int j=0;j<i;i++)
{
cout<<a[i]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Here , i want to exit the do while loop as the users hits enter .But, the code doesn't come out of the loop..
The following reads one line and splits it on white-space. This code is not something one would normally expect a beginner to write from scratch. However, searching on Duckduckgo or Stackoverflow will reveal lots of variations on this theme. When progamming, know that you are probably not the first to need the functionality you seek. The engineering way is to find the best and learn from it. Study the code below. From one tiny example, you will learn about getline, string-streams, iterators, copy, back_inserter, and more. What a bargain!
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
int main() {
using namespace std;
vector<string> tokens;
{
string line;
getline(cin, line);
istringstream stream(line);
copy(istream_iterator<string>(stream),
istream_iterator<string>(),
back_inserter(tokens));
}
for (auto s : tokens) {
cout << s << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
First of all, we need to read the line until the '\n' character, which we can do with getline(). The extraction operator >> won't work here, since it will also stop reading input upon reaching a space. Once we get the whole line, we can put it into a stringstream and use cin >> str or getline(cin, str, ' ') to read the individual strings.
Another approach might be to take advantage of the fact that the extraction operator will leave the delimiter in the stream. We can then check if it's a '\n' with cin.peek().
Here's the code for the first approach:
#include <iostream> //include the standard library files individually
#include <vector> //#include <bits/stdc++.h> is terrible practice.
#include <sstream>
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> words; //vector to store the strings
std::string line;
std::getline(std::cin, line); //get the whole line
std::stringstream ss(line); //create stringstream containing the line
std::string str;
while(std::getline(ss, str, ' ')) //loops until the input fails (when ss is empty)
{
words.push_back(str);
}
for(std::string &s : words)
{
std::cout << s << '\n';
}
}
And for the second approach:
#include <iostream> //include the standard library files individually
#include <vector> //#include <bits/stdc++.h> is terrible practice.
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> words; //vector to store the strings
while(std::cin.peek() != '\n') //loop until next character to be read is '\n'
{
std::string str; //read a word
std::cin >> str;
words.push_back(str);
}
for(std::string &s : words)
{
std::cout << s << '\n';
}
}
You canuse getline to read ENTER, run on windows:
//#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // for getline()
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i = 0;
char a[100][100];
string temp;
do {
getline(std::cin, temp);
if (temp.empty())
break;
strcpy_s(a[i], temp.substr(0, 100).c_str());
} while (++i < 100);
for (int j = 0; j<i; j++)
{
cout << a[j] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
While each getline will got a whole line, like "hello world" will be read once, you can split it, just see this post.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
vector<string> split_string(string s)
{
string buf;
stringstream ss(s);
vector<string> tokens;
while (ss >> buf)
tokens.push_back(buf);
return tokens;
}
int main()
{
cout << split_string("Alpha Beta Gamma");
}
when i try to split a string into a vector by using whitespaces i am not able to print out my solution.
i doesnt let me use std::cout but in my function the return value is given
why cant i use it like that? how do i fix this?
std::cout cannot take a vector, you need to iterate through the container and print each element separately, try using something like this:
int main()
{
string originalString = "Alpha Beta Gamma";
for (const auto& str : split_string(originalString))
cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
I am trying to make a C++ program that receives user input, and extracts the individual words in the string, e.g. "Hello to Bob" would get "Hello", "to", "Bob". Eventually, I will be pushing these into a string vector. This is the format I tried to use when designing the code:
//string libraries and all other appropriate libraries have been included above here
string UserInput;
getline(cin,UserInput)
vector<string> words;
string temp=UserInput;
string pushBackVar;//this will eventually be used to pushback words into a vector
for (int i=0;i<UserInput.length();i++)
{
if(UserInput[i]==32)
{
pushBackVar=temp.erase(i,UserInput.length()-i);
//something like words.pushback(pushBackVar) will go here;
}
}
However, this only works for the first space encountered in the string.It does not work if there are any spaces before the word (e.g. if we have "Hello my World", pushBackVar will be "Hello" after the first loop, and then "Hello my" after the second loop, when I want "Hello" and "my".) How do I fix this? Is there any other better way to extract individual words from a string? I hope I haven't confused anyone.
See Split a string in C++?
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void split(const string &s, char delim, vector<string> &elems) {
stringstream ss(s);
string item;
while (getline(ss, item, delim)) {
elems.push_back(item);
}
}
vector<string> split(const string &s, char delim) {
vector<string> elems;
split(s, delim, elems);
return elems;
}
So in your case just do:
words = split(temp,' ');
You can use the operator >> direct to a microbuffer (string) to extract the word. (getline is not needed). Take a look at the function below:
vector<string> Extract(const string& Text) {
vector<string> Words;
stringstream ss(Text);
string Buf;
while (ss >> Buf)
Words.push_back(Buf);
return Words;
}
#include <algorithm> // std::(copy)
#include <iostream> // std::(cin, cout)
#include <iterator> // std::(istream_iterator, back_inserter)
#include <sstream> // std::(istringstream)
#include <string> // std::(string)
#include <vector> // std::(vector)
using namespace std;
auto main()
-> int
{
string user_input;
getline( cin, user_input );
vector<string> words;
{
istringstream input_as_stream( user_input );
copy(
istream_iterator<string>( input_as_stream ),
istream_iterator<string>(),
back_inserter( words )
);
}
for( string const& word : words )
{
cout << word << '\n';
}
}
Here I have created a vector of words from the sentence.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string s = "the devil in the s";
string word;
vector<string> v;
for(int i=0; i<s.length(); i++){
if(s[i]!=' '){
word+=s[i];
}
else{
v.push_back(word);
if(i<s.length()+1)
word.clear();
}
}
v.push_back(word);
for(auto i:v){
cout<<i<<endl;
}
}
I am attempting to write a program which can read in a text file, and store each word in it as an entry in a string type vector. I am sure that I am doing this very wrong, but it has been so long since I have tried to do this that I have forgotten how it is done. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string> input;
ifstream readFile;
vector<string>::iterator it;
it = input.begin();
readFile.open("input.txt");
for (it; ; it++)
{
char cWord[20];
string word;
word = readFile.get(*cWord, 20, '\n');
if (!readFile.eof())
{
input.push_back(word);
}
else
break;
}
cout << "Vector Size is now %d" << input.size();
return 0;
}
One of the many possible ways is a simple:
std::vector<std::string> words;
std::ifstream file("input.txt");
std::string word;
while (file >> word) {
words.push_back(word);
}
operator >> takes care of only words divided by whitespaces (including new-lines) being read.
And in case you would be reading it by lines, you might also need to explicitly handle empty lines:
std::vector<std::string> lines;
std::ifstream file("input.txt");
std::string line;
while ( std::getline(file, line) ) {
if ( !line.empty() )
lines.push_back(line);
}
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string> input;
ifstream readFile("input.txt");
copy(istream_iterator<string>(readFile), {}, back_inserter(input));
cout << "Vector Size is now " << input.size();
}
Or, shorter:
int main()
{
ifstream readFile("input.txt");
cout << "Vector Size is now " << vector<string>(istream_iterator<string>(readFile), {}).size();
}
I'm not going to explain, because there's about a zillion explanations on StackOverflow already :)