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I've been using Markdown for class notes, and it's great. I even do some preprocessing on the Markdown so I can do things like tables. But this term I'm teaching a class with a lot of math, and I'd love to be able to put LaTeX formulas with Markdown, something like this:
The refinement relation is written $a \sqsubseteq b$, which can be
pronounced "$a$ approximates $b$" or "$b$ is at least as defined as $a$".
I'd like to be able to take each fragment of LaTeX and preprocess it into a nice antialiased PNG file which I could then include in my Markdown via the HTML <img> tag. But I have absolutely no idea how to take a fragment of LaTeX and get a nice image that
Has the right bounding box
Is antialiased
All I know how to do is get full pages in DVI, PostScript, or PDF formats.
I'm sure this problem has been addressed, but I haven't been able to guess the right search terms. Any suggestions how to solve it or where to look for an existing solution?
EDIT: Having installed mathTeX, I can say that the code is inflexible, that it violates the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy standard, and that it is amateur workâin both the good and bad senses of that word. The code is so complex that there are no obvious faults. I will be looking for alternatives.
Also, it's clear that at bottom, solutions are based on dvipng.
ONE YEAR LATER: I never did get the seamless integration I had been hoping for, but I am limping along on a script of my own devising. It turns out that instead of dvipng it is a little easier to use dvips -E and the convert program of ImageMagick. The benefits are slightly more control of things like scaling, and ease of making a transparent background.
The curious can inspect this example.
I can't recommend this solution to anyone. But I can't recommend MathTeX either.
Have you tried with Pandoc?
EDIT:
Although the documentation has become a bit complex, pandoc has supported inline LaTeX and LaTeX templates for 10 years.
Documents like the following one can be written in Markdown:
---
title: Just say hello!
author: My Friend
header-includes: |
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead[CO,CE]{This is fancy}
\fancyfoot[CO,CE]{So is this}
\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{\thepage}
abstract: This is a pandoc test with Markdown + inline LaTeX
---
Just say hello!
===============
This could be a good example or inlined \LaTeX:
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}
\addplot[color=red]{exp(x)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
%Here ends the furst plot
\hskip 5pt
%Here begins the 3d plot
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}
\addplot3[
surf,
]
{exp(-x^2-y^2)*x};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
And now, just a few words to terminate:
> Goodbye folks!
Which can be converted to LaTeX using commands like this: pandoc -s -i Hello.md -o Hello.tex
Following is an image of the converted Hello.md to Hello.pdf file using MiKTeX as LaTeX processor with the command: pandoc -s -i Hello.md -o Hello.pdf
Finally, there are some open source LaTeX templates like this one: https://github.com/Wandmalfarbe/pandoc-latex-template, that can be used for better formatting.
As always, the reader should dig deeper if he has less trivial use cases than presented here.
Perhaps mathJAX is the ticket. It's built on jsMath, a 2004 vintage JavaScript library.
As of 5-Feb-2015 I'd switch to recommend KaTeX - most performant Javascript LaTeX library from Khan Academy.
Add the following code to the top of your Markdown files to get MathJax rendering support
<style TYPE="text/css">
code.has-jax {font: inherit; font-size: 100%; background: inherit; border: inherit;}
</style>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
tex2jax: {
inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']],
skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre'] // removed 'code' entry
}
});
MathJax.Hub.Queue(function() {
var all = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(), i;
for(i = 0; i < all.length; i += 1) {
all[i].SourceElement().parentNode.className += ' has-jax';
}
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.4/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML-full"></script>
and then `$x^2$` or `$$x^2$$` will render as expected :-)
You can always install a local version of MathJax if you don't want to use the online distribution, but you might need to host it through a local webserver.
UPDATE: these days I just use pandoc instead of canonical markdown, but the above is still useful.
I'll answer your question with a counter-question...
What do you think of Org-mode? It's not as pure as Markdown, but it is Markdown-like, and I find it as easy to work with, and it allows embedding of Latex. Cf. http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/org/Embedded-LaTeX.html
Postscript
In case you haven't looked at org-mode, it has one great strength as a general purpose "natural markup language" over Markdown, namely its treatment of tables. The source:
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| -1 | 1 | 0 |
| -1 | -1 | 1 |
represents just what you think it will...
And the Latex is rendered in pieces using tex-mode's preview-latex.
you should look at multimarkdown http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
it has support for metadata (headers, keywords, date, author, etc), tables, asciimath, mathml, hell i'm sure you could stick latex math code right in there. it's basically an extension to markdown to add all these other very useful features. It uses XSLT, so you can easily whip up your own LaTeX styles, and have it directly convert. I use it all the time, and I like it a lot.
I wish the markdown would just incorporate multimarkdown. it would be rather nice.
Edit: Multimarkdown will produce html, latex, and a few other formats. html can come with a style sheet of your choice. it will convert into MathML as well, which displays in Firefox and Safari/Chrome, if I remember correctly.
RStudio has a good free IDE that allows for Markdown and LaTeX.
kramdown does exactly what you describe:
https://kramdown.gettalong.org/syntax.html#math-blocks
And it's way more reliable and well-defined than Markdown.
Hey, this might not be the most ideal solution, but it works for me. I ended up creating a Python-Markdown LaTeX extension.
https://github.com/justinvh/Markdown-LaTeX
It adds support for inline math and text expressions using a $math$ and %text% syntax. The extension is a preprocessor that will use latex/dvipng to generate pngs for the respective equations/text and then base64 encode the data to inline the images directly, rather than have external images.
The data is then put in a simple-delimited cache file that encodes the expression to the base64 representation. This limits the number of times latex actually has to be run.
Here is an example:
%Hello, world!% This is regular text, but this: $y = mx + b$ is not.
The output:
$ markdown -x latex test.markdown
<p><img class='latex-inline math-false' alt='Hello, world!' id='Helloworld' src='data:image/png;base64,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'> This is regular text, but this: <img class='latex-inline math-true' alt='y = mx + b' id='ymxb' src='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFIAAAAOBAMAAABOTlYkAAAAMFBMVEX///9ERETu7u4yMjK6urp2dnZUVFSIiIjMzMwQEBDc3NwiIiJmZmaYmJiqqqoAAADS00rKAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAOtJREFUKM9jYCAACsCk4wYGgiABTLInEKuS+QGxKvkVGBj47jBwI8tcffI84e45BoZ7GVcLECo9751iWLeSoRPITBQEggMMDBy9sxj2MDgz8DIE8yCpPMxwjWFBGUMMkpFcbAEMvxjKGLgYxIE8NkHBiYIyQMY+hmoGhi0Mdsi2czawbGCQBTJ+ILvzE0MaA9MHIIWwnWE9A+sBpk8LGDgmMCnAVXJNYPgCJHhRQvUiA/cDXoECZx4DXoSZTBtYgaaEPw5AVnkOGBRc5xTcbsReQrL9+nWwyxbgC88DcJZ+QygDcYD1+QPiFAIAtLA8KPZOGFEAAAAASUVORK5CYII='> is not.</p>
As you can see it is a verbose output, but that really isn't an issue since you're already using Markdown :)
yes, but you'll have to hack it a little yourself. I've written a filter that replaces latex tags $\some\inline\latex$ or $$\some\equation$$ with appropriate image tags to a mimetex.cgi script. It took all of 5 minutes.
Warning: spectacularly ugly...
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys, markdown,re
MIMETEX_LOC="http://some.server.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi"
def sanitizeLatex(text):
return re.sub(r"\\",r"%5C", text)
def wrapLatexBlock(text):
return '<img alt="equation" class="block" src="%s?%s"></img>'%(MIMETEX_LOC,text)
def wrapLatexInline(text):
return '<img alt="equation" class="inline" src="%s?%s"></img>'%(MIMETEX_LOC,text)
def prepLatexBlock(matchobj):
return wrapLatexBlock(sanitizeLatex(matchobj.group()[2:-2]))
def prepLatexInline(matchobj):
return wrapLatexInline(sanitizeLatex(matchobj.group()[1:-1]))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# initialise markdown
md=markdown.Markdown()
raw_md=open(sys.argv[1],"r").read()
##
# deal with embedded latex
##
raw_md=re.sub(r'\$\$(.*?)\$\$',prepLatexBlock, raw_md)
raw_md=re.sub(r'\$(.*?)\$',prepLatexInline, raw_md)
##
# once latex is parsed, convert md to html
##
main_html=md.convert(raw_md)
# hey presto!
print(main_html)
Of course, you have to define the appropriate css yourself for .block and .inline images...
I came across this discussion only now, so I hope my comment is still useful. I am involved with MathJax and, from how I understand your situation, I think that it would be a good way to solve the problem: you leave your LaTeX code as is, and let MathJax render the mathematics upon viewing.
Is there any reason why you would prefer images?
What language are you using?
If you can use ruby, then maruku can be configured to process maths using various latex->MathML converters. Instiki uses this. It's also possible to extend PHPMarkdown to use itex2MML as well to convert maths. Basically, you insert extra steps in the Markdown engine at the appropriate points.
So with ruby and PHP, this is done. I guess these solutions could also be adapted to other languages - I've gotten the itex2MML extension to produce perl bindings as well.
I was looking for exactly the same thing when I found teqhtml. It does the conversion of $ and $$ equations to images with the nice bonus of aligning the resulting image vertically with the surrounding text. Not a lot of doc but it's quite straightforward.
Hope it helps some future readers.
Sorry to rouse a really old thread, but I've been using jemdoc for a couple of years and it is really excellent.
It is possible to parse Markdown in Lua using the Lunamark code (see its Github repo), meaning that Markdown may be parsed directly by macros in Luatex and supports conversion to many of the formats supported by Pandoc (i.e., the library is well-suited to use in lualatex, context, Metafun, Plain Luatex, and texlua scripts).
The project was started by John MacFarlane, author of Pandoc, and the tool's development tracks that of Pandoc quite closely and is of similar (i.e., excellent) quality.
Khaled Hosny wrote a Context module, providing convenient macro support. Michal's answer to the Is there any package with Markdown support? question gives code providing similar support for Latex.
I remember there was a time that when you type # in R markdown it will immediately transfer to the heading output. Also, when you type **bold** it will immediately show the text in bold. But now I can't find a way to do this.
Is it possible to show the markdown output in the .rmd document? Thanks!
This behaviour will depend on the text editor you use. Some Markdown editors have a "What You See Is What You Get" (or WYSIWYG) philosophy that will do exactly what you describe. You can find examples of WYSIWYG Markdown editors online, I personally have only tried Typora. But as far as I can tell, none of them seem to support Rmarkdown (perhaps someone has made an Rstudio add-in?).
On the other hand, in the early days of knitr, it used to support Lyx (I don't know if it still does), which is maybe closer to what you have in mind? See this post for an example: https://yihui.org/knitr/demo/lyx/
When converting from some format (say, HTML or Docx) to Markdown in Pandoc, is it possible to render all footnotes in the inline style ("this is the main text^[this is a footnote]") rather than as numbered references with a corresponding list at the end of the document? I want to work on my Markdown documents (converted from a Docx of my thesis) as master texts, but now if I add a new footnote it messes up the numbering.
Alternatively, is there another convenient way (i.e. not Pandoc) that this could be done? Cutting text in one part of a file and adding corresponding text in another part seems a bit beyond a simple regex.
Thanks in advance for any help.
EDIT: I've just hacked up an extremely simple Python script to do this, in case anyone else has the same issue.
Pandoc's Markdown syntax is quite flexible about footnotes:
The footnotes themselves need not be placed at the end of the document. They may appear anywhere except inside other block elements (lists, block quotes, tables, etc.).
Like:
Here is a footnote reference[^1] and some more text.
[^1]: Here is the footnote.
Here's the next paragraph.
However, the Markdown Writer (the module that generates markdown files, as opposed to reading them) currently simply places all of them at the end of the document. But this could be implemented behind a flag, similar to the --reference-links flag. Feel free to submit an issue or pull request!
Inline footnotes and references are quite nice for writing and editing markdown documents, but cumbersome for reading them.
I used ltrgoddard's inliner with success to process several files that I use with pandoc and latexmk to produce PDF. inliner works well for transforming end-style references to inline style references in an already-written document.
Cross references to other questions and clues for posterity:
Convert markdown links from inline to reference
Vim plugin for adding external links
Also see http://drbunsen.github.io/formd/
and https://instant-thinking.de/2014/02/20/markdown-footnotes-with-vim/ for more info re: formd, which should work for converting inline references end-style references, and vice-versa.
Note that formd works on URLs and ignores footnotes, so this may be seen as a similar project (with different goals) but not an alternative.
I have blog and I want to show codes on the sublimetext editor like that also I want to choice language and it changes color according to the language.
How can I do that?
You can use ExportHtml sublime plugin to export syntax highlighted code to html and paste it in your blog.
Perhaps take a look at:
http://code.google.com/p/django-syntax-highlight/
It is not 'embedding SublimeText' as per your question, but seems to provide a library that provides some decent syntax highlighting functionality. It uses http://pygments.org/
Sublime Text 2 is not a Javascript editor - you cannot embed it in webpages.
For edit - what you can embed:
ACE http://ace.ajax.org/
And some more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_source_code_editors
For view - syntax hihglighting
Use Google code prettify http://code.google.com/p/google-code-prettify/
I'm going to manage some documentation using Django (I come from Sphinx) in order to have more control on the output. The docs are in rst (restructured text) in a git archive, and it's trivial to display them in HTML using a filter. My problem is that they are quite long, and I'd like to have more control on how the pagination goes, so I can show a single section per HTML page, have comments for a single section and so on...
My goal would be to be able to parse each doc, create my TOC with links to each section in a separate HMTL page, where a view would go through whole doc to render in html just a section.
I understand that it's mostly a issue of docutils, the most interesting example I've been able to find is: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-matters24/#code2 but it seems outdated and the examples in section "Tree-oriented processing", which is where the magic goes, don't seem work with my version of docutils. Article is good: I could use more of the same subject!
Is there something similar to what I'm planning to do already available that I can study, or maybe could someone point me to a gentle introduction to docutils for parsing rst documents?
Here is a blog describing howto make a custom rst writer and call it from Django. I think it should give you a good start http://www.arnebrodowski.de/blog/write-your-own-restructuredtext-writer.html
Pygments has a ReST lexer that you could examine (or possibly even use directly).