dup() creating file but not printing to it - c++

I am trying to create a shell in c++. It creates a child process which executes a command and pipes the response back to the parent. I want to specify if the second argument of a command is -o then I would like to redirect the output of the command to a file. (output.txt).I used dup() to redirect output to my file. However, when I run the program and enter for example wc -o fileName the program creates the file output.txt but does not write to it when I specify to print the result of my child process.
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <vector>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(){
// array of file descriptors for parent and child
int filedes[2];
char foo[4096];
char** argv;
std::cout << "$$-> ";
char command[128];
std::cin.getline(command, 128);
if(strlen(command) != 0) {
std::vector<char *> args;
char *prog = strtok(command, " ");
char *tmp = prog;
while(tmp != NULL) {
args.push_back(tmp);
tmp = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
argv = new char *[args.size() + 1];
for (int k = 0; k < args.size(); k++) {
argv[k] = args[k];
}
argv[args.size()] = NULL;
}
char* newargc = argv[0];
char *newargv[] = {newargc,argv[2],NULL};
if(pipe(filedes) < 0){
std::cout << "There was an error creating the pipe";
}
int pid = fork();
if(pid == 0){
// writing to the pipe
// close read end of pipe
close(filedes[0]);
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
dup(filedes[1]);
if(strcmp(argv[1],(char*)"-o") == 0 ||strcmp(argv[1], (char*) "-b") == 0){
execvp(newargv[0], newargv);
}
else{
execvp(argv[0],argv);
}
}
else if (pid > 0) {
std::cout << "This is the parent process\n";
while(wait(NULL) > 0);
close(filedes[1]);
int output_fd = open("output.txt", O_CREAT, O_TRUNC, O_RDWR);
read(filedes[0], foo, sizeof(foo));
if(strcmp(argv[1],(char*)"-o") == 0){
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
dup(output_fd);
write(output_fd, foo, sizeof(foo));
}
else if(strcmp(argv[1], (char*) "-b") == 0){
int stdoutHolder = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
dup(output_fd);
std::cout<< foo;
dup2(stdoutHolder, 1);
}
std::cout << foo;
}
//pid is less than 0 if error
else{
std::cout << "There is an error.";
}
return 0;
}

Related

How to send line of terminal output to variable? [duplicate]

I am looking for a way to get the output of a command when it is run from within a C++ program. I have looked at using the system() function, but that will just execute a command. Here's an example of what I'm looking for:
std::string result = system("./some_command");
I need to run an arbitrary command and get its output. I've looked at boost.org, but I have not found anything that will give me what I need.
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <array>
std::string exec(const char* cmd) {
std::array<char, 128> buffer;
std::string result;
std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&pclose)> pipe(popen(cmd, "r"), pclose);
if (!pipe) {
throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
}
while (fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), pipe.get()) != nullptr) {
result += buffer.data();
}
return result;
}
Pre-C++11 version:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
std::string exec(const char* cmd) {
char buffer[128];
std::string result = "";
FILE* pipe = popen(cmd, "r");
if (!pipe) throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
try {
while (fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, pipe) != NULL) {
result += buffer;
}
} catch (...) {
pclose(pipe);
throw;
}
pclose(pipe);
return result;
}
Replace popen and pclose with _popen and _pclose for Windows.
Getting both stdout and stderr (and also writing to stdin, not shown here) is easy peasy with my pstreams header, which defines iostream classes that work like popen:
#include <pstream.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
// run a process and create a streambuf that reads its stdout and stderr
redi::ipstream proc("./some_command", redi::pstreams::pstdout | redi::pstreams::pstderr);
std::string line;
// read child's stdout
while (std::getline(proc.out(), line))
std::cout << "stdout: " << line << '\n';
// if reading stdout stopped at EOF then reset the state:
if (proc.eof() && proc.fail())
proc.clear();
// read child's stderr
while (std::getline(proc.err(), line))
std::cout << "stderr: " << line << '\n';
}
For Windows, popen also works, but it opens up a console window - which quickly flashes over your UI application. If you want to be a professional, it's better to disable this "flashing" (especially if the end-user can cancel it).
So here is my own version for Windows:
(This code is partially recombined from ideas written in The Code Project and MSDN samples.)
#include <windows.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
//
// Execute a command and get the results. (Only standard output)
//
CStringA ExecCmd(
const wchar_t* cmd // [in] command to execute
)
{
CStringA strResult;
HANDLE hPipeRead, hPipeWrite;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr = {sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)};
saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; // Pipe handles are inherited by child process.
saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
// Create a pipe to get results from child's stdout.
if (!CreatePipe(&hPipeRead, &hPipeWrite, &saAttr, 0))
return strResult;
STARTUPINFOW si = {sizeof(STARTUPINFOW)};
si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
si.hStdOutput = hPipeWrite;
si.hStdError = hPipeWrite;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE; // Prevents cmd window from flashing.
// Requires STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW in dwFlags.
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };
BOOL fSuccess = CreateProcessW(NULL, (LPWSTR)cmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
if (! fSuccess)
{
CloseHandle(hPipeWrite);
CloseHandle(hPipeRead);
return strResult;
}
bool bProcessEnded = false;
for (; !bProcessEnded ;)
{
// Give some timeslice (50 ms), so we won't waste 100% CPU.
bProcessEnded = WaitForSingleObject( pi.hProcess, 50) == WAIT_OBJECT_0;
// Even if process exited - we continue reading, if
// there is some data available over pipe.
for (;;)
{
char buf[1024];
DWORD dwRead = 0;
DWORD dwAvail = 0;
if (!::PeekNamedPipe(hPipeRead, NULL, 0, NULL, &dwAvail, NULL))
break;
if (!dwAvail) // No data available, return
break;
if (!::ReadFile(hPipeRead, buf, min(sizeof(buf) - 1, dwAvail), &dwRead, NULL) || !dwRead)
// Error, the child process might ended
break;
buf[dwRead] = 0;
strResult += buf;
}
} //for
CloseHandle(hPipeWrite);
CloseHandle(hPipeRead);
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
return strResult;
} //ExecCmd
I'd use popen() (++waqas).
But sometimes you need reading and writing...
It seems like nobody does things the hard way any more.
(Assuming a Unix/Linux/Mac environment, or perhaps Windows with a POSIX compatibility layer...)
enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS
{
READ_FD = 0,
WRITE_FD = 1
};
enum CONSTANTS
{
BUFFER_SIZE = 100
};
int
main()
{
int parentToChild[2];
int childToParent[2];
pid_t pid;
string dataReadFromChild;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
ssize_t readResult;
int status;
ASSERT_IS(0, pipe(parentToChild));
ASSERT_IS(0, pipe(childToParent));
switch (pid = fork())
{
case -1:
FAIL("Fork failed");
exit(-1);
case 0: /* Child */
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO));
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO));
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDERR_FILENO));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(parentToChild [WRITE_FD]));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(childToParent [READ_FD]));
/* file, arg0, arg1, arg2 */
execlp("ls", "ls", "-al", "--color");
FAIL("This line should never be reached!!!");
exit(-1);
default: /* Parent */
cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;
ASSERT_IS(0, close(parentToChild [READ_FD]));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(childToParent [WRITE_FD]));
while (true)
{
switch (readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD],
buffer, BUFFER_SIZE))
{
case 0: /* End-of-File, or non-blocking read. */
cout << "End of file reached..." << endl
<< "Data received was ("
<< dataReadFromChild.size() << "): " << endl
<< dataReadFromChild << endl;
ASSERT_IS(pid, waitpid(pid, & status, 0));
cout << endl
<< "Child exit staus is: " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl
<< endl;
exit(0);
case -1:
if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
{
errno = 0;
break;
}
else
{
FAIL("read() failed");
exit(-1);
}
default:
dataReadFromChild . append(buffer, readResult);
break;
}
} /* while (true) */
} /* switch (pid = fork())*/
}
You also might want to play around with select() and non-blocking reads.
fd_set readfds;
struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec = 0; /* Seconds */
timeout.tv_usec = 1000; /* Microseconds */
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(childToParent[READ_FD], &readfds);
switch (select (1 + childToParent[READ_FD], &readfds, (fd_set*)NULL, (fd_set*)NULL, & timeout))
{
case 0: /* Timeout expired */
break;
case -1:
if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
{
errno = 0;
break;
}
else
{
FAIL("Select() Failed");
exit(-1);
}
case 1: /* We have input */
readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD], buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
// However you want to handle it...
break;
default:
FAIL("How did we see input on more than one file descriptor?");
exit(-1);
}
Two possible approaches:
I don't think popen() is part of the C++ standard (it's part of POSIX from memory), but it's available on every UNIX I've worked with (and you seem to be targeting UNIX since your command is ./some_command).
On the off-chance that there is no popen(), you can use system("./some_command >/tmp/some_command.out");, then use the normal I/O functions to process the output file.
The following might be a portable solution. It follows standards.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <sstream>
std::string ssystem (const char *command) {
char tmpname [L_tmpnam];
std::tmpnam ( tmpname );
std::string scommand = command;
std::string cmd = scommand + " >> " + tmpname;
std::system(cmd.c_str());
std::ifstream file(tmpname, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary );
std::string result;
if (file) {
while (!file.eof()) result.push_back(file.get())
;
file.close();
}
remove(tmpname);
return result;
}
// For Cygwin
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::string bash = "FILETWO=/cygdrive/c/*\nfor f in $FILETWO\ndo\necho \"$f\"\ndone ";
std::string in;
std::string s = ssystem(bash.c_str());
std::istringstream iss(s);
std::string line;
while (std::getline(iss, line))
{
std::cout << "LINE-> " + line + " length: " << line.length() << std::endl;
}
std::cin >> in;
return 0;
}
I couldn't figure out why popen/pclose is missing from Code::Blocks/MinGW. So I worked around the problem by using CreateProcess() and CreatePipe() instead.
Here's the solution that worked for me:
//C++11
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <deque>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
int SystemCapture(
string CmdLine, //Command Line
string CmdRunDir, //set to '.' for current directory
string& ListStdOut, //Return List of StdOut
string& ListStdErr, //Return List of StdErr
uint32_t& RetCode) //Return Exit Code
{
int Success;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security_attributes;
HANDLE stdout_rd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stdout_wr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stderr_rd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stderr_wr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
STARTUPINFO startup_info;
thread stdout_thread;
thread stderr_thread;
security_attributes.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
security_attributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
security_attributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
if (!CreatePipe(&stdout_rd, &stdout_wr, &security_attributes, 0) ||
!SetHandleInformation(stdout_rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
return -1;
}
if (!CreatePipe(&stderr_rd, &stderr_wr, &security_attributes, 0) ||
!SetHandleInformation(stderr_rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
if (stdout_rd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
if (stdout_wr != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(stdout_wr);
return -2;
}
ZeroMemory(&process_info, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
ZeroMemory(&startup_info, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
startup_info.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
startup_info.hStdInput = 0;
startup_info.hStdOutput = stdout_wr;
startup_info.hStdError = stderr_wr;
if(stdout_rd || stderr_rd)
startup_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
// Make a copy because CreateProcess needs to modify string buffer
char CmdLineStr[MAX_PATH];
strncpy(CmdLineStr, CmdLine.c_str(), MAX_PATH);
CmdLineStr[MAX_PATH-1] = 0;
Success = CreateProcess(
nullptr,
CmdLineStr,
nullptr,
nullptr,
TRUE,
0,
nullptr,
CmdRunDir.c_str(),
&startup_info,
&process_info
);
CloseHandle(stdout_wr);
CloseHandle(stderr_wr);
if(!Success) {
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
CloseHandle(stderr_rd);
return -4;
}
else {
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
}
if(stdout_rd) {
stdout_thread=thread([&]() {
DWORD n;
const size_t bufsize = 1000;
char buffer [bufsize];
for(;;) {
n = 0;
int Success = ReadFile(
stdout_rd,
buffer,
(DWORD)bufsize,
&n,
nullptr
);
printf("STDERR: Success:%d n:%d\n", Success, (int)n);
if(!Success || n == 0)
break;
string s(buffer, n);
printf("STDOUT:(%s)\n", s.c_str());
ListStdOut += s;
}
printf("STDOUT:BREAK!\n");
});
}
if(stderr_rd) {
stderr_thread=thread([&]() {
DWORD n;
const size_t bufsize = 1000;
char buffer [bufsize];
for(;;) {
n = 0;
int Success = ReadFile(
stderr_rd,
buffer,
(DWORD)bufsize,
&n,
nullptr
);
printf("STDERR: Success:%d n:%d\n", Success, (int)n);
if(!Success || n == 0)
break;
string s(buffer, n);
printf("STDERR:(%s)\n", s.c_str());
ListStdErr += s;
}
printf("STDERR:BREAK!\n");
});
}
WaitForSingleObject(process_info.hProcess, INFINITE);
if(!GetExitCodeProcess(process_info.hProcess, (DWORD*) &RetCode))
RetCode = -1;
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
if(stdout_thread.joinable())
stdout_thread.join();
if(stderr_thread.joinable())
stderr_thread.join();
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
CloseHandle(stderr_rd);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int rc;
uint32_t RetCode;
string ListStdOut;
string ListStdErr;
cout << "STARTING.\n";
rc = SystemCapture(
"C:\\Windows\\System32\\ipconfig.exe", //Command Line
".", //CmdRunDir
ListStdOut, //Return List of StdOut
ListStdErr, //Return List of StdErr
RetCode //Return Exit Code
);
if (rc < 0) {
cout << "ERROR: SystemCapture\n";
}
cout << "STDOUT:\n";
cout << ListStdOut;
cout << "STDERR:\n";
cout << ListStdErr;
cout << "Finished.\n";
cout << "Press Enter to Continue";
cin.ignore();
return 0;
}
Take note that you can get output by redirecting output to the file and then reading it
It was shown in documentation of std::system
You can receive exit code by calling WEXITSTATUS macro.
int status = std::system("ls -l >test.txt"); // execute the UNIX command "ls -l >test.txt"
std::cout << std::ifstream("test.txt").rdbuf();
std::cout << "Exit code: " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << std::endl;
Assuming POSIX, simple code to capture stdout:
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
std::string qx(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
int stdout_fds[2];
pipe(stdout_fds);
int stderr_fds[2];
pipe(stderr_fds);
const pid_t pid = fork();
if (!pid) {
close(stdout_fds[0]);
dup2(stdout_fds[1], 1);
close(stdout_fds[1]);
close(stderr_fds[0]);
dup2(stderr_fds[1], 2);
close(stderr_fds[1]);
std::vector<char*> vc(args.size() + 1, 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
vc[i] = const_cast<char*>(args[i].c_str());
}
execvp(vc[0], &vc[0]);
exit(0);
}
close(stdout_fds[1]);
std::string out;
const int buf_size = 4096;
char buffer[buf_size];
do {
const ssize_t r = read(stdout_fds[0], buffer, buf_size);
if (r > 0) {
out.append(buffer, r);
}
} while (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR);
close(stdout_fds[0]);
close(stderr_fds[1]);
close(stderr_fds[0]);
int r, status;
do {
r = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
} while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
return out;
}
Code contributions are welcome for more functionality:
https://github.com/ericcurtin/execxx
You can get the output after running a script using a pipe. We use pipes when we want the output of the child process.
int my_func() {
char ch;
FILE *fpipe;
FILE *copy_fp;
FILE *tmp;
char *command = (char *)"/usr/bin/my_script my_arg";
copy_fp = fopen("/tmp/output_file_path", "w");
fpipe = (FILE *)popen(command, "r");
if (fpipe) {
while ((ch = fgetc(fpipe)) != EOF) {
fputc(ch, copy_fp);
}
}
else {
if (copy_fp) {
fprintf(copy_fp, "Sorry there was an error opening the file");
}
}
pclose(fpipe);
fclose(copy_fp);
return 0;
}
So here is the script, which you want to run. Put it in a command variable with the arguments your script takes (nothing if no arguments). And the file where you want to capture the output of the script, put it in copy_fp.
So the popen runs your script and puts the output in fpipe and then you can just copy everything from that to your output file.
In this way you can capture the outputs of child processes.
And another process is you can directly put the > operator in the command only. So if we will put everything in a file while we run the command, you won't have to copy anything.
In that case, there isn't any need to use pipes. You can use just system, and it will run the command and put the output in that file.
int my_func(){
char *command = (char *)"/usr/bin/my_script my_arg > /tmp/my_putput_file";
system(command);
printf("everything saved in my_output_file");
return 0;
}
You can read YoLinux Tutorial: Fork, Exec and Process control for more information.
Command class uses system("cmd > stdout 2> stderr") to provide user with stdout and stderr, in addition to the exit code.
Test run:
./a.out 'ls .'
exit code: 0
stdout: HelloWorld
HelloWorld.c
HelloWorld.cpp
HelloWorld.dSYM
a.out
gcc_container.bash
linuxsys
macsys
test.sh
stderr:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
class Command {
public:
Command() {
exit_code_ = -1;
}
int GetExitCode() { return exit_code_;}
string GetStdOutStr() {return stdout_str_;}
string GetStdErrStr() {return stderr_str_;}
int Run(const char* cmd) {
return Run(string(cmd));
}
/**
* #brief run a given command
*
* #param cmd: command string
* #return int: the exit code of running the command
*/
int Run(string cmd) {
// create temp files
char tmp_dir[] = "/tmp/stdir.XXXXXX";
mkdtemp(tmp_dir);
string stdout_file = string(tmp_dir) + "/stdout";
string stderr_file = string(tmp_dir) + "/stderr";
// execute the command "cmd > stdout_file 2> stderr_file"
string cli = cmd + " > " + stdout_file + " 2> " + stderr_file;
exit_code_ = system(cli.c_str());
exit_code_ = WEXITSTATUS(exit_code_);
stdout_str_ = File2Str(stdout_file);
stderr_str_ = File2Str(stderr_file);
// rid of the temp files
remove(stdout_file.c_str());
remove(stderr_file.c_str());
remove(tmp_dir);
return exit_code_;
}
private:
int exit_code_;
string stderr_str_;
string stdout_str_;
/**
* #brief read a file
*
* #param file_name: file path
* #return string the contents of the file.
*/
string File2Str(string file_name) {
ifstream file;
stringstream str_stream;
file.open(file_name);
if (file.is_open()) {
str_stream << file.rdbuf();
file.close();
}
return str_stream.str();
}
};
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Command command;
command.Run(argv[1]);
cout << "exit code: " << command.GetExitCode() << endl;
cout << "stdout: " << command.GetStdOutStr() << endl;
cout << "stderr: " << command.GetStdErrStr() << endl;
return command.GetExitCode();
}
C++ stream implemention of waqas's answer:
#include <istream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
class execbuf : public std::streambuf {
protected:
std::string output;
int_type underflow(int_type character) {
if (gptr() < egptr()) return traits_type::to_int_type(*gptr());
return traits_type::eof();
}
public:
execbuf(const char* command) {
std::array<char, 128> buffer;
std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&pclose)> pipe(popen(command, "r"), pclose);
if (!pipe) {
throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
}
while (fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), pipe.get()) != nullptr) {
this->output += buffer.data();
}
setg((char*)this->output.data(), (char*)this->output.data(), (char*)(this->output.data() + this->output.size()));
}
};
class exec : public std::istream {
protected:
execbuf buffer;
public:
exec(char* command) : std::istream(nullptr), buffer(command, fd) {
this->rdbuf(&buffer);
}
};
This code catches all output through stdout . If you want to catch only stderr then pass your command like this:
sh -c '<your-command>' 2>&1 > /dev/null
If you want to catch both stdout and stderr then the command should be like this:
sh -c '<your-command>' 2>&1

How to fix loop not working using execv and forks

When running this program after the first iteration the program stops. This is because of execv function. What can I do so my loop still continues on until the user types quit.
I have tried creating a fork process before doing the execv in the child process but that does not work.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int pipefd[2];
int rs;
pid_t cpid;
pid_t cpid2;
rs = pipe(pipefd);
char* args1[256];
char* args2[256];
if (rs < 0){
perror("pipe");
exit(1);
}
char cmd1[256];
char cmd2[256];
char path1[10];
char path2[10];
while(true){
cout << "Command 1";
cin.getline(cmd1,256);
cout << "command 2";
cin.getline(cmd2,256);
if (strcmp(cmd1,"quit") == 0)
break;
if (strcmp(cmd2,"quit") == 0)
break;
char *token;
token = strtok(cmd1," ");
int i=0;
while(token != NULL){
args1[i] = token;
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
i++;
}
args1[i] = NULL;
token = strtok(cmd2," ");
i = 0;
while(token != NULL){
args2[i] = token;
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
i++;
}
args2[i] = NULL;
strcpy(path1,args1[0]);
strcpy(path2,args2[0]);
rs = fork();
if (rs < 0){
perror("Fork");
exit(1);
}
if (rs == 0){//child process
close(pipefd[1]);
close(0);
dup(pipefd[0]);
close(pipefd[0]);
rs = execvp(path2,args2);
if (rs < 0){
perror("execl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
else{//PARENT PROCESS
close(pipefd[0]);
close(1);
dup(pipefd[1]);
close(pipefd[1]);
wait(&rs);
rs = execvp(path1,args1);
if (rs < 0){
perror("execl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
};
return 0;
}
After outputting the answer the function should then ask the user for two more commands, This should go on until the user types in quit.
First of all exit(EXIT_FAILURE) is making your program exit.So remove it.
And you can put the possible exception creating code in try {} catch {} block.
In your case like this..
try{
rs = execvp(path1,args1);
if (rs < 0){
perror("execl");
//exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}catch(int y){
continue;//here you can put your handling logic
}
By this you will get the desired output.

Fork: Resource temporarily unavailable when running shell with one arg

I am trying to write a microshell in C++ that will take in 1 or 2 args and run them in UNIX. My shell takes two args split by || fine, but when I run only one I get a massive fork error. My shell will look for || as a pipe instead of just |. Thank you in advance!
Some Functional commands are:
cat filename || sort
ls -l || less
Code:
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
void getParms (char[], char* [], char* []);
int main()
{
char command[160];
pid_t pid1 = 1, pid2 = 1;
cout << "myshell> ";
cin.getline(command, 160);
while (strcmp(command, "q") != 0 && strcmp(command, "quit") != 0 && pid1 > 0 && pid2 > 0)
{
char* arg1[6];
char* arg2[6];
char path1[21], path2[21];
int pipefd[2];
arg1[0]=NULL;
arg2[0]=NULL;
getParms(command, arg1, arg2);
if (pipe(pipefd) < 0)
{
perror ("Pipe");
exit (-1);
}
//cerr <<"This is arg2"<<arg2[0]<<endl;
pid1 = fork();
if (pid1 < 0)
{
perror ("Fork");
exit (-1);
}
if (pid1 == 0)
{
//cout<<"Child 1"<<endl;
//cerr<<arg1[0]<<endl;
if(arg2[0] != NULL)
{
close(pipefd[0]);
close(1);
dup(pipefd[1]);
close(pipefd[1]);
}
strcpy(path1, "/bin/");
strcat(path1, arg1[0]);
if (execvp(path1, arg1) < 0)
{
strcpy(path1, "/usr/bin/");
strncat(path1, arg1[0], strlen(arg1[0]));
if (execvp(path1, arg1) < 0)
{
cout<<"Couldn't execute "<<arg1[0]<<endl;
exit (127);
}
}
if(arg2[0]== NULL)
{ // Parent process
close (pipefd[0]); //read
close (pipefd[1]); //write
waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0); // Waits for child2
cout << "myshell> ";
cin.getline(command, 160);
}
}
else if(arg2[0] != NULL)
{
//cerr<<"Child 2"<<endl;
pid2 = fork();
if (pid2 < 0)
{
perror ("Fork");
exit (-1);
}
if (pid2 == 0)
{
close(pipefd[1]);
close(0);
dup(pipefd[0]);
close(pipefd[0]);
strcpy(path2, "/bin/");
strncat(path2, arg2[0], strlen(arg2[0]));
if (execvp(path2, arg2) < 0)
{
strcpy(path2, "/usr/bin/");
strncat(path2, arg2[0], strlen(arg2[0]));
if (execvp(path2, arg2) < 0)
{
cout<<"Couldn't execute "<<arg2[0]<<endl;
exit (127);
}
}
}
else
{ // Parent process
//cerr<<"in last 2 else"<<endl;
close (pipefd[0]); //read
close (pipefd[1]); //write
waitpid(pid2, NULL, 0); // Waits for child2
cout << "myshell> ";
cin.getline(command, 160);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************
FUNCTION: void getParms (char [], char* [], char* [])
ARGUMENTS: char str[] which holds full command
char* args[] args2[] which will hold the individual commands
RETURNS: N/A
****************************************************************/
void getParms(char str[], char* args[], char* args2[])
{
char* index;
int i= 0;
int j= 0;
index = strtok(str, " ");
//cerr<<"before first while"<<endl;
// While the token isn't NULL or pipe
while (index != NULL && strstr(index,"||") == NULL)
{
args[i] = index;
index = strtok(NULL, " ");
i++;
}
args[i] = (char*) NULL; // makes last element Null
//cerr<<" getParms before ||"<<endl;
if(index != NULL && strcmp(index,"||") != 0)
{
//cerr<<"after checking for ||"<<endl;
index = strtok(NULL," ");
while (index != NULL)
{
args2[j] = index;
index = strtok(NULL," ");
j++;
}
}
//cerr<<"After second IF"<<endl;
args2[j] = (char*) NULL; // makes last element Null
}
Your problem is that the main while loop is not going to any of the if-else statements in which you have the prompt for another command - the same statement is executed over and over. When you use the double pipe it goes to else if(arg2[0] != NULL) and the parent process shows a new prompt.
Try removing both prompts for a command from the main while loop in your if-else statement and move the prompt to the beginning of the loop like this:
//Move these two below into the while loop
//cout << "myshell> ";
//cin.getline(command, 160);
while (strcmp(command, "q") != 0 && strcmp(command, "quit") != 0 && pid1 > 0 && pid2 > 0)
{
cout << "myshell> ";
cin.getline(command, 160);
//...
}
Try not to make such redundant calls of the same thing. If you have a couple of those and you need to change something it can get messy.

Linux - Shell does not redirect outputs

I created a simple shell in Linux using fork() and execvp(). It works fine with cat, ls etc. but when I try to redirect its output like ./hello.o > output.txt it doesn't work.
I am guessing I didn't provide the write path to look for the definitions. My shell is currently searching on /bin/ path where most of the commands are stored.
Here is my code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ARG_SIZE 100 // MAX LENGTH FOR ARGUMENTS
#define PATH "/bin/" // PATH FOR ARGUMENTS
int main() {
char inputLine[BUFSIZ];
char *argv[ARG_SIZE];
// for path + argv
char programPath[200];
while (1) {
printf("myshell> ");
// check if ctrl + D is pressed
if (fgets(inputLine, BUFSIZ, stdin) == NULL)
break;
inputLine[strlen(inputLine) - 1] = '\0';
// check if exit is typed
if (strcmp(inputLine, "exit") == 0)
break;
int i = 0;
argv[0] = strtok(inputLine, " \n");
for (i = 0; argv[i] && i < ARG_SIZE-1; ++i)
argv[++i] = strtok(NULL, " \n");
// create a fork call
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1) {
perror("fork");
exit(1);
}
// parent
if (pid != 0) {
wait();
// child
} else {
strcat(programPath, argv[0]);
// will not return unless it fails
execvp(programPath, argv);
perror("execvp");
exit(1);
}
}
return 0;
}

How do I execute a command and get the output of the command within C++ using POSIX?

I am looking for a way to get the output of a command when it is run from within a C++ program. I have looked at using the system() function, but that will just execute a command. Here's an example of what I'm looking for:
std::string result = system("./some_command");
I need to run an arbitrary command and get its output. I've looked at boost.org, but I have not found anything that will give me what I need.
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <array>
std::string exec(const char* cmd) {
std::array<char, 128> buffer;
std::string result;
std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&pclose)> pipe(popen(cmd, "r"), pclose);
if (!pipe) {
throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
}
while (fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), pipe.get()) != nullptr) {
result += buffer.data();
}
return result;
}
Pre-C++11 version:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
std::string exec(const char* cmd) {
char buffer[128];
std::string result = "";
FILE* pipe = popen(cmd, "r");
if (!pipe) throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
try {
while (fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, pipe) != NULL) {
result += buffer;
}
} catch (...) {
pclose(pipe);
throw;
}
pclose(pipe);
return result;
}
Replace popen and pclose with _popen and _pclose for Windows.
Getting both stdout and stderr (and also writing to stdin, not shown here) is easy peasy with my pstreams header, which defines iostream classes that work like popen:
#include <pstream.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
// run a process and create a streambuf that reads its stdout and stderr
redi::ipstream proc("./some_command", redi::pstreams::pstdout | redi::pstreams::pstderr);
std::string line;
// read child's stdout
while (std::getline(proc.out(), line))
std::cout << "stdout: " << line << '\n';
// if reading stdout stopped at EOF then reset the state:
if (proc.eof() && proc.fail())
proc.clear();
// read child's stderr
while (std::getline(proc.err(), line))
std::cout << "stderr: " << line << '\n';
}
For Windows, popen also works, but it opens up a console window - which quickly flashes over your UI application. If you want to be a professional, it's better to disable this "flashing" (especially if the end-user can cancel it).
So here is my own version for Windows:
(This code is partially recombined from ideas written in The Code Project and MSDN samples.)
#include <windows.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
//
// Execute a command and get the results. (Only standard output)
//
CStringA ExecCmd(
const wchar_t* cmd // [in] command to execute
)
{
CStringA strResult;
HANDLE hPipeRead, hPipeWrite;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr = {sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)};
saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; // Pipe handles are inherited by child process.
saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
// Create a pipe to get results from child's stdout.
if (!CreatePipe(&hPipeRead, &hPipeWrite, &saAttr, 0))
return strResult;
STARTUPINFOW si = {sizeof(STARTUPINFOW)};
si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
si.hStdOutput = hPipeWrite;
si.hStdError = hPipeWrite;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE; // Prevents cmd window from flashing.
// Requires STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW in dwFlags.
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };
BOOL fSuccess = CreateProcessW(NULL, (LPWSTR)cmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
if (! fSuccess)
{
CloseHandle(hPipeWrite);
CloseHandle(hPipeRead);
return strResult;
}
bool bProcessEnded = false;
for (; !bProcessEnded ;)
{
// Give some timeslice (50 ms), so we won't waste 100% CPU.
bProcessEnded = WaitForSingleObject( pi.hProcess, 50) == WAIT_OBJECT_0;
// Even if process exited - we continue reading, if
// there is some data available over pipe.
for (;;)
{
char buf[1024];
DWORD dwRead = 0;
DWORD dwAvail = 0;
if (!::PeekNamedPipe(hPipeRead, NULL, 0, NULL, &dwAvail, NULL))
break;
if (!dwAvail) // No data available, return
break;
if (!::ReadFile(hPipeRead, buf, min(sizeof(buf) - 1, dwAvail), &dwRead, NULL) || !dwRead)
// Error, the child process might ended
break;
buf[dwRead] = 0;
strResult += buf;
}
} //for
CloseHandle(hPipeWrite);
CloseHandle(hPipeRead);
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
return strResult;
} //ExecCmd
I'd use popen() (++waqas).
But sometimes you need reading and writing...
It seems like nobody does things the hard way any more.
(Assuming a Unix/Linux/Mac environment, or perhaps Windows with a POSIX compatibility layer...)
enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS
{
READ_FD = 0,
WRITE_FD = 1
};
enum CONSTANTS
{
BUFFER_SIZE = 100
};
int
main()
{
int parentToChild[2];
int childToParent[2];
pid_t pid;
string dataReadFromChild;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
ssize_t readResult;
int status;
ASSERT_IS(0, pipe(parentToChild));
ASSERT_IS(0, pipe(childToParent));
switch (pid = fork())
{
case -1:
FAIL("Fork failed");
exit(-1);
case 0: /* Child */
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO));
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO));
ASSERT_NOT(-1, dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDERR_FILENO));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(parentToChild [WRITE_FD]));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(childToParent [READ_FD]));
/* file, arg0, arg1, arg2 */
execlp("ls", "ls", "-al", "--color");
FAIL("This line should never be reached!!!");
exit(-1);
default: /* Parent */
cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;
ASSERT_IS(0, close(parentToChild [READ_FD]));
ASSERT_IS(0, close(childToParent [WRITE_FD]));
while (true)
{
switch (readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD],
buffer, BUFFER_SIZE))
{
case 0: /* End-of-File, or non-blocking read. */
cout << "End of file reached..." << endl
<< "Data received was ("
<< dataReadFromChild.size() << "): " << endl
<< dataReadFromChild << endl;
ASSERT_IS(pid, waitpid(pid, & status, 0));
cout << endl
<< "Child exit staus is: " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl
<< endl;
exit(0);
case -1:
if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
{
errno = 0;
break;
}
else
{
FAIL("read() failed");
exit(-1);
}
default:
dataReadFromChild . append(buffer, readResult);
break;
}
} /* while (true) */
} /* switch (pid = fork())*/
}
You also might want to play around with select() and non-blocking reads.
fd_set readfds;
struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec = 0; /* Seconds */
timeout.tv_usec = 1000; /* Microseconds */
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(childToParent[READ_FD], &readfds);
switch (select (1 + childToParent[READ_FD], &readfds, (fd_set*)NULL, (fd_set*)NULL, & timeout))
{
case 0: /* Timeout expired */
break;
case -1:
if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
{
errno = 0;
break;
}
else
{
FAIL("Select() Failed");
exit(-1);
}
case 1: /* We have input */
readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD], buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
// However you want to handle it...
break;
default:
FAIL("How did we see input on more than one file descriptor?");
exit(-1);
}
Two possible approaches:
I don't think popen() is part of the C++ standard (it's part of POSIX from memory), but it's available on every UNIX I've worked with (and you seem to be targeting UNIX since your command is ./some_command).
On the off-chance that there is no popen(), you can use system("./some_command >/tmp/some_command.out");, then use the normal I/O functions to process the output file.
The following might be a portable solution. It follows standards.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <sstream>
std::string ssystem (const char *command) {
char tmpname [L_tmpnam];
std::tmpnam ( tmpname );
std::string scommand = command;
std::string cmd = scommand + " >> " + tmpname;
std::system(cmd.c_str());
std::ifstream file(tmpname, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary );
std::string result;
if (file) {
while (!file.eof()) result.push_back(file.get())
;
file.close();
}
remove(tmpname);
return result;
}
// For Cygwin
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::string bash = "FILETWO=/cygdrive/c/*\nfor f in $FILETWO\ndo\necho \"$f\"\ndone ";
std::string in;
std::string s = ssystem(bash.c_str());
std::istringstream iss(s);
std::string line;
while (std::getline(iss, line))
{
std::cout << "LINE-> " + line + " length: " << line.length() << std::endl;
}
std::cin >> in;
return 0;
}
I couldn't figure out why popen/pclose is missing from Code::Blocks/MinGW. So I worked around the problem by using CreateProcess() and CreatePipe() instead.
Here's the solution that worked for me:
//C++11
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <deque>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
int SystemCapture(
string CmdLine, //Command Line
string CmdRunDir, //set to '.' for current directory
string& ListStdOut, //Return List of StdOut
string& ListStdErr, //Return List of StdErr
uint32_t& RetCode) //Return Exit Code
{
int Success;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security_attributes;
HANDLE stdout_rd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stdout_wr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stderr_rd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stderr_wr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
STARTUPINFO startup_info;
thread stdout_thread;
thread stderr_thread;
security_attributes.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
security_attributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
security_attributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
if (!CreatePipe(&stdout_rd, &stdout_wr, &security_attributes, 0) ||
!SetHandleInformation(stdout_rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
return -1;
}
if (!CreatePipe(&stderr_rd, &stderr_wr, &security_attributes, 0) ||
!SetHandleInformation(stderr_rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
if (stdout_rd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
if (stdout_wr != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(stdout_wr);
return -2;
}
ZeroMemory(&process_info, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
ZeroMemory(&startup_info, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
startup_info.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
startup_info.hStdInput = 0;
startup_info.hStdOutput = stdout_wr;
startup_info.hStdError = stderr_wr;
if(stdout_rd || stderr_rd)
startup_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
// Make a copy because CreateProcess needs to modify string buffer
char CmdLineStr[MAX_PATH];
strncpy(CmdLineStr, CmdLine.c_str(), MAX_PATH);
CmdLineStr[MAX_PATH-1] = 0;
Success = CreateProcess(
nullptr,
CmdLineStr,
nullptr,
nullptr,
TRUE,
0,
nullptr,
CmdRunDir.c_str(),
&startup_info,
&process_info
);
CloseHandle(stdout_wr);
CloseHandle(stderr_wr);
if(!Success) {
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
CloseHandle(stderr_rd);
return -4;
}
else {
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
}
if(stdout_rd) {
stdout_thread=thread([&]() {
DWORD n;
const size_t bufsize = 1000;
char buffer [bufsize];
for(;;) {
n = 0;
int Success = ReadFile(
stdout_rd,
buffer,
(DWORD)bufsize,
&n,
nullptr
);
printf("STDERR: Success:%d n:%d\n", Success, (int)n);
if(!Success || n == 0)
break;
string s(buffer, n);
printf("STDOUT:(%s)\n", s.c_str());
ListStdOut += s;
}
printf("STDOUT:BREAK!\n");
});
}
if(stderr_rd) {
stderr_thread=thread([&]() {
DWORD n;
const size_t bufsize = 1000;
char buffer [bufsize];
for(;;) {
n = 0;
int Success = ReadFile(
stderr_rd,
buffer,
(DWORD)bufsize,
&n,
nullptr
);
printf("STDERR: Success:%d n:%d\n", Success, (int)n);
if(!Success || n == 0)
break;
string s(buffer, n);
printf("STDERR:(%s)\n", s.c_str());
ListStdErr += s;
}
printf("STDERR:BREAK!\n");
});
}
WaitForSingleObject(process_info.hProcess, INFINITE);
if(!GetExitCodeProcess(process_info.hProcess, (DWORD*) &RetCode))
RetCode = -1;
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
if(stdout_thread.joinable())
stdout_thread.join();
if(stderr_thread.joinable())
stderr_thread.join();
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
CloseHandle(stderr_rd);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int rc;
uint32_t RetCode;
string ListStdOut;
string ListStdErr;
cout << "STARTING.\n";
rc = SystemCapture(
"C:\\Windows\\System32\\ipconfig.exe", //Command Line
".", //CmdRunDir
ListStdOut, //Return List of StdOut
ListStdErr, //Return List of StdErr
RetCode //Return Exit Code
);
if (rc < 0) {
cout << "ERROR: SystemCapture\n";
}
cout << "STDOUT:\n";
cout << ListStdOut;
cout << "STDERR:\n";
cout << ListStdErr;
cout << "Finished.\n";
cout << "Press Enter to Continue";
cin.ignore();
return 0;
}
Take note that you can get output by redirecting output to the file and then reading it
It was shown in documentation of std::system
You can receive exit code by calling WEXITSTATUS macro.
int status = std::system("ls -l >test.txt"); // execute the UNIX command "ls -l >test.txt"
std::cout << std::ifstream("test.txt").rdbuf();
std::cout << "Exit code: " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << std::endl;
Assuming POSIX, simple code to capture stdout:
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
std::string qx(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
int stdout_fds[2];
pipe(stdout_fds);
int stderr_fds[2];
pipe(stderr_fds);
const pid_t pid = fork();
if (!pid) {
close(stdout_fds[0]);
dup2(stdout_fds[1], 1);
close(stdout_fds[1]);
close(stderr_fds[0]);
dup2(stderr_fds[1], 2);
close(stderr_fds[1]);
std::vector<char*> vc(args.size() + 1, 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
vc[i] = const_cast<char*>(args[i].c_str());
}
execvp(vc[0], &vc[0]);
exit(0);
}
close(stdout_fds[1]);
std::string out;
const int buf_size = 4096;
char buffer[buf_size];
do {
const ssize_t r = read(stdout_fds[0], buffer, buf_size);
if (r > 0) {
out.append(buffer, r);
}
} while (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR);
close(stdout_fds[0]);
close(stderr_fds[1]);
close(stderr_fds[0]);
int r, status;
do {
r = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
} while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
return out;
}
Code contributions are welcome for more functionality:
https://github.com/ericcurtin/execxx
You can get the output after running a script using a pipe. We use pipes when we want the output of the child process.
int my_func() {
char ch;
FILE *fpipe;
FILE *copy_fp;
FILE *tmp;
char *command = (char *)"/usr/bin/my_script my_arg";
copy_fp = fopen("/tmp/output_file_path", "w");
fpipe = (FILE *)popen(command, "r");
if (fpipe) {
while ((ch = fgetc(fpipe)) != EOF) {
fputc(ch, copy_fp);
}
}
else {
if (copy_fp) {
fprintf(copy_fp, "Sorry there was an error opening the file");
}
}
pclose(fpipe);
fclose(copy_fp);
return 0;
}
So here is the script, which you want to run. Put it in a command variable with the arguments your script takes (nothing if no arguments). And the file where you want to capture the output of the script, put it in copy_fp.
So the popen runs your script and puts the output in fpipe and then you can just copy everything from that to your output file.
In this way you can capture the outputs of child processes.
And another process is you can directly put the > operator in the command only. So if we will put everything in a file while we run the command, you won't have to copy anything.
In that case, there isn't any need to use pipes. You can use just system, and it will run the command and put the output in that file.
int my_func(){
char *command = (char *)"/usr/bin/my_script my_arg > /tmp/my_putput_file";
system(command);
printf("everything saved in my_output_file");
return 0;
}
You can read YoLinux Tutorial: Fork, Exec and Process control for more information.
Command class uses system("cmd > stdout 2> stderr") to provide user with stdout and stderr, in addition to the exit code.
Test run:
./a.out 'ls .'
exit code: 0
stdout: HelloWorld
HelloWorld.c
HelloWorld.cpp
HelloWorld.dSYM
a.out
gcc_container.bash
linuxsys
macsys
test.sh
stderr:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
class Command {
public:
Command() {
exit_code_ = -1;
}
int GetExitCode() { return exit_code_;}
string GetStdOutStr() {return stdout_str_;}
string GetStdErrStr() {return stderr_str_;}
int Run(const char* cmd) {
return Run(string(cmd));
}
/**
* #brief run a given command
*
* #param cmd: command string
* #return int: the exit code of running the command
*/
int Run(string cmd) {
// create temp files
char tmp_dir[] = "/tmp/stdir.XXXXXX";
mkdtemp(tmp_dir);
string stdout_file = string(tmp_dir) + "/stdout";
string stderr_file = string(tmp_dir) + "/stderr";
// execute the command "cmd > stdout_file 2> stderr_file"
string cli = cmd + " > " + stdout_file + " 2> " + stderr_file;
exit_code_ = system(cli.c_str());
exit_code_ = WEXITSTATUS(exit_code_);
stdout_str_ = File2Str(stdout_file);
stderr_str_ = File2Str(stderr_file);
// rid of the temp files
remove(stdout_file.c_str());
remove(stderr_file.c_str());
remove(tmp_dir);
return exit_code_;
}
private:
int exit_code_;
string stderr_str_;
string stdout_str_;
/**
* #brief read a file
*
* #param file_name: file path
* #return string the contents of the file.
*/
string File2Str(string file_name) {
ifstream file;
stringstream str_stream;
file.open(file_name);
if (file.is_open()) {
str_stream << file.rdbuf();
file.close();
}
return str_stream.str();
}
};
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Command command;
command.Run(argv[1]);
cout << "exit code: " << command.GetExitCode() << endl;
cout << "stdout: " << command.GetStdOutStr() << endl;
cout << "stderr: " << command.GetStdErrStr() << endl;
return command.GetExitCode();
}
C++ stream implemention of waqas's answer:
#include <istream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
class execbuf : public std::streambuf {
protected:
std::string output;
int_type underflow(int_type character) {
if (gptr() < egptr()) return traits_type::to_int_type(*gptr());
return traits_type::eof();
}
public:
execbuf(const char* command) {
std::array<char, 128> buffer;
std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&pclose)> pipe(popen(command, "r"), pclose);
if (!pipe) {
throw std::runtime_error("popen() failed!");
}
while (fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), pipe.get()) != nullptr) {
this->output += buffer.data();
}
setg((char*)this->output.data(), (char*)this->output.data(), (char*)(this->output.data() + this->output.size()));
}
};
class exec : public std::istream {
protected:
execbuf buffer;
public:
exec(char* command) : std::istream(nullptr), buffer(command, fd) {
this->rdbuf(&buffer);
}
};
This code catches all output through stdout . If you want to catch only stderr then pass your command like this:
sh -c '<your-command>' 2>&1 > /dev/null
If you want to catch both stdout and stderr then the command should be like this:
sh -c '<your-command>' 2>&1