I'm trying to make a call from a lambda function within VPC using boto3.start_outbound_voice_contact(). Since the lambda function cannot reach whatever outside the VPC, simply invoking the boto3.start_outbound_voice_contact() function.
I have came up with placing a VPC endpoint between lambda and Amazon Connect. But I am not sure which of the following types of endpoint boto3.start_outbound_voice_contact() belongs to.
Amazon AppIntegrations
Customer Profiles
Outbound campaigns
Voice ID
Wisdom
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/connect/latest/adminguide/vpc-interface-endpoints.html
I have a AWS project that contains a S3 bucket, RDS database and Lambda functions.
I want Lambda to have access to both the S3 bucket and the RDS database.
The Lambda functions connects to the RDS database correctly but it times out when trying to retrieve an object from the S3 bucket:
Event needs-retry.s3.GetObject: calling handler <bound method S3RegionRedirectorv2.redirect_from_error of <botocore.utils.S3RegionRedirectorv2 object at 0x7f473a4ae910>>
...
(some more error lines)
...
botocore.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError: Connect timeout on endpoint URL: "https://{bucket name}.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/{file name}.tar.gz"
So I understand that the reason would be that Lambda doesn't have internet access and therefor my options are:
VPC endpoint (privatelink): https://aws.amazon.com/privatelink
NAT gateway for Lambda
But both go over the cloud (in same region), which doesn't make any sense as they are both in the same project.
It's just a redundant cost for such a detail and there must be a better solution right?
Maybe it helps you to think of the S3 bucket "in the same project" as having permission to use an object system that resides in a different network outside your own. Your lambda is in VPC but S3 objects are not in your VPC. You access them using either public end-points (over the internet) or privately by establishing S3 Gateway endpoint or VPC Interface Endpoint. Neither uses public internet.
As long as you are staying in the same region, S3 gateway endpoint actually does not cost you money but if you need to cross regions, you will need to use VPC Interface endpoint. The differences are documented here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/privatelink-interface-endpoints.html
If you are trying to avoid costs, S3 gateway might work for you, however, you will need to update your route tables that's associated with the gateway. The process is documented here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/privatelink/vpc-endpoints-s3.html
I have an account in region ca-central. I wish to make call to a Public S3 bucket located in us-east.
As much as possible, these call have to be make through https (I am actually using apt-get), but if not possible I can try to use CLI call to download my data.
I can not exit public network due to firewall limitations, I need to stay internal to AWS network.
Can I do it through a S3 endpoint? The only endpoint I can create are connected to my current region (so ca-central). Or the only way is to do it through public network?
Yes, regardless of which region the bucket lives in, you will be able to reach it via AWS private link with either a VPC interface or gateway endpoint deployed correctly in the region you're working in.
Overall, I'm pretty confused by using AWS Lambda within a VPC. The problem is Lambda is timing out while trying to access an S3 bucket. The solution seems to be a VPC Endpoint.
I've added the Lambda function to a VPC so it can access an RDS hosted database (not shown in the code below, but functional). However, now I can't access S3 and any attempt to do so times out.
I tried creating a VPC S3 Endpoint, but nothing has changed.
VPC Configuration
I'm using a simple VPC created by default whenever I first made an EC2 instance. It has four subnets, all created by default.
VPC Route Table
_Destination - Target - Status - Propagated_
172.31.0.0/16 - local - Active - No
pl-63a5400a (com.amazonaws.us-east-1.s3) - vpce-b44c8bdd - Active - No
0.0.0.0/0 - igw-325e6a56 - Active - No
Simple S3 Download Lambda:
import boto3
import pymysql
from StringIO import StringIO
def lambda_handler(event, context):
s3Obj = StringIO()
return boto3.resource('s3').Bucket('marineharvester').download_fileobj('Holding - Midsummer/sample', s3Obj)
There is another solution related to VPC endpoints.
On AWS Console, choose VPC service and then Endpoints. Create a new endpoint, associate it to s3 service
and then select the VPC and Route Table.
Then select access level (full or custom) and it will work.
With boto3, the S3 urls are virtual by default, which then require internet access to be resolved to region specific urls. This causes the hanging of the Lambda function until timeout.
To resolve this requires use of a Config object when creating the client, which tells boto3 to create path based S3 urls instead:
import boto3
import botocore
client = boto3.client('s3', 'ap-southeast-2', config=botocore.config.Config(s3={'addressing_style':'path'}))
Note that the region in the call must be the region to which you are deploying the lambda and VPC Endpoint.
Then you will be able to use the pl-xxxxxx prefix list for the VPC Endpoint within the Lambda's security group, and still access S3.
Here is a working CloudFormation script that demonstrates this. It creates an S3 bucket, a lambda (that puts records into the bucket) associated to a VPC containing only private subnets and the VPC Endpoint, and necessary IAM roles.
There's another issue having to do with subnets and routes that is not addressed in the other answers, so I am creating a separate answer with the proviso that all the above answers apply. You have to get them all right for the lambda function to access S3.
When you create a new AWS account which I did last fall, there is no route table automatically associated with your default VPC (see Route Tables -> Subnet Associations in the Console).
So if you follow the instructions to create an Endpoint and create a route for that Endpoint, no route gets added, because there's no subnet to put it on. And as usual with AWS you don't get an error message...
What you should do is create a subnet for your lambda function, associate that subnet with the route table and the lambda function, and then rerun the Endpoint instructions and you will, if successful, find a route table that has three entries like this:
Destination Target
10.0.0.0/16 Local
0.0.0.0/0 igw-1a2b3c4d
pl-1a2b3c4d vpce-11bb22cc
If you only have two entries (no 'pl-xxxxx' entry), then you have not yet succeeded.
In the end I guess it should be no surprise that a lambda function needs a subnet to live on, like any other entity in a network. And it's probably advisable that it not live on the same subnet as your EC2 instances because lambda might need different routes or security permissions. Note that the GUI in lambda really wants you to have two subnets in two different AZs which is also a good idea.
The cause of my issue had been not properly configuring the Outbound Rules of my security group. Specifically, I needed to add Custom Protocol Outbound Rule with a destination of pl-XXXXXXXX (the S3 service. The actual value was provided by the AWS Console).
I just wanted to add one other answer amongst the others, which might affect those running functions with slow cold start times.
I'd followed all the instructions about setting up a gateway for S3, but still it didn't work. I created a test Node.js function which simply listed the buckets - I verified that this didn't work without the S3 gateway, but did once the gateway was established. So I knew that part of things was working fine.
As I was debugging this I was changing the timeout of the function to ensure the function was updated and I was using the latest version of the code when invoking and testing.
I'd reduced the timeout to 10s, only it turned out my function needed more like 15s on cold boot. Once I'd increased the timeout again, it worked.
Adding to the answer from Luis RM, this is a construct that can be used in CDK:
const vpcEndpoint = new ec2.GatewayVpcEndpoint(this, 'S3GatewayVpcEndpoint', {
vpc: myVpc,
service: { name: 'com.amazonaws.us-west-1.s3' },
})
const rolePolicies = [
{
Sid: 'AccessToSpecificBucket',
Effect: 'Allow',
Action: [
's3:ListBucket',
's3:GetObject',
's3:PutObject',
's3:DeleteObject',
's3:GetObjectVersion',
],
Resource: ['arn:aws:s3:::myBucket', arn:aws:s3:::myBucket/*'],
Principal: '*',
},
]
rolePolicies.forEach((policy) => {
vpcEndpoint.addToPolicy(iam.PolicyStatement.fromJson(policy))
})
To access S3 from within the Lambda function which is within a VPC, you can use a Natgateway (a much expensive solution in comparison to the VPC endpoint ). If you have two private subnets within the VPC, (where subnets are having a route to a NAT gateway ) and associate them with the Lambda, it can access the S3 bucket like any Lambda which are outside the VPC.
Gotchas
If you associate a public subnet with the Lambda expect it to work, it will not.
Make sure your security group is in place to accept ingress.
This approach will make any service available in the internet accessible to the Lambda function . For detailed steps you can follow this blog https://blog.theodo.com/2020/01/internet-access-to-lambda-in-vpc/
There are 3 ways to access S3 from within private subnet in a VPC
NAT Gateway
Gateway Endpoint
Interface Endpoint
I assume that you don't want to use NAT Gateway.
If you're using Gateway endpoint - you don't need to change the endpoint that you connect to S3. But if you're using interface endpoint, you need to update the s3 endpoint.
There is a detailed step-by-step guide on doing the same here - https://www.cloudtechsimplified.com/aws-lambda-vpc-s3/
I am trying to connect AWS Lambda function to RDS mysql database.
I just wanted to update the database from my lambda function. Is it possible to access RDS by specifiying IAM Role and access Policy?.
I can connect to mysql databse using mysql client.but when i try on lambda i can't do that. here is my code.
console.log('Loading function');
var doc = require('dynamodb-doc');
var dynamo = new doc.DynamoDB();
var mysql = require('mysql');
exports.handler = function(event, context) {
//console.log('Received event:', JSON.stringify(event, null, 2));
var operation = event.operation;
delete event.operation;
switch (operation) {
case 'create':
var conn = mysql.createConnection({
host: 'lamdatest.********.rds.amazonaws.com', // RDS endpoint
user: 'user', // MySQL username
password: 'password', // MySQL password
database: 'rdslamda'
});
conn.connect();
console.log("connecting...");
conn.query('INSERT INTO login (name,password) VALUES("use6","password6")', function(err, info) {
console.log("insert: " + info.msg + " /err: " + err);
});
console.log("insert values in to database");
break;
case 'read':
dynamo.getItem(event, context.done());
break;
default:
context.fail(new Error('Unrecognized operation "' + operation + '"'));
}
context.succeed();
};
Yes. You can access a MySql RDS database from AWS Lambda.
You can use node-mysql library.
Link: https://github.com/felixge/node-mysql/
However, there is a big caveat that goes with it.
AWS Lambda does not (currently) have access to private subnets inside a VPC. So in order for AWS Lambda to access your RDS database, it must be publicly accessible, which could be a security risk for you.
Update (2015-10-30): AWS Lambda announced upcoming VPC support (as of re:Invent 2015), so this won't be an issue for much longer.
Update (2015-11-17): AWS Lambda still does not have VPC support.
Update (2016-02-11): AWS Lambda can now access VPC resources:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/new-access-resources-in-a-vpc-from-your-lambda-functions/
To achieve this functionality, your Lambda function will actually execute inside your VPC in a subnet. Some caveats come with this functionality:
The VPC subnet needs enough free IP addresses to handle Lambda's scaling
If your Lambda function needs internet access, then it's designated VPC subnet will need an Internet Gateway or NAT
try this tutorial:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/vpc-rds.html
In this tutorial, you do the following:
Launch an Amazon RDS MySQL database engine instance in your default Amazon VPC.
In the MySQL instance, you create a database (ExampleDB) with a sample table (Employee) in it.
Create a Lambda function to access the ExampleDB database, create a table (Employee), add a few records, and retrieve the records from the table.
Invoke the Lambda function manually and verify the query results.
Since Lambda uses Node.js, Java and Python as a backend programming/scripting language, you can definitely use it to connect to RDS. (Link)
Finally, This is the documentation on specifying IAM Roles when connecting to RDS. (See image below):
I just wanted to update the database from my lambda function. Is it possible to access RDS by specifiying IAM Role and access Policy?.
No you cannot. You need to provide DB url/username/password to connect. You may need to run Lambda in same VPC if it is in private subnet. See my pointers below.
I can connect to mysql databse using mysql client.but when i try on lambda i can't do that.
This is strict No , No! Your RDS should not be accessible from Internet unless you really need it. Try to run it in private subnet and configure other AWS services accordingly.
Two cents from my end if you are getting timeouts accessing resourced from Lambda-
By default Lambda has internet access and can access online resources.
Lambda cannot access services rurnning in private subnet of your VPC.
To connect to services in private subnet you need to run the lambda is private subnet. For this you need to go to Network section and configure your VPC, subnets and security group.
However note that when you do this you will loose Internet access. If you still need Internet access you will have to spin up a NAT gateway or NAT instance in public subnet and configure route from private subnet to this NAT.
I faced this when I was trying to connect to RDS in private subnet from my lambda. Since I used KMS to encrypt some environment variables and decryption part requires Internet access I had to use a NAT gateway.
More details - http://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/vpc.html#vpc-internet
How to connect to postgres RDS from AWS Lambda
PS: Above links go to my personal blog that has additional relevant information.