Is there a way to call something like clang-format --style=Webkit for an entire cpp project folder, rather than running it separately for each file?
I am using clang-format.py and vim to do this, but I assume there is a way to apply this once.
Unfortunately, there is no way to apply clang-format recursively. *.cpp will only match files in the current directory, not subdirectories. Even **/* doesn't work.
Luckily, there is a solution: grab all the file names with the find command and pipe them in. For example, if you want to format all .h and .cpp files in the directory foo/bar/ recursively, you can do
find foo/bar/ -iname *.h -o -iname *.cpp | xargs clang-format -i
See here for additional discussion.
What about:
clang-format -i -style=WebKit *.cpp *.h
in the project folder. The -i option makes it inplace (by default formatted output is written to stdout).
First create a .clang-format file if it doesn't exist:
clang-format -style=WebKit -dump-config > .clang-format
Choose whichever predefined style you like, or edit the resulting .clang-format file.
clang-format configurator is helpful.
Then run:
find . -regex '.*\.\(cpp\|hpp\|cc\|cxx\)' -exec clang-format -style=file -i {} \;
Other file extensions than cpp, hpp, cc and cxx can be used in the regular expression, just make sure to separate them with \|.
I recently found a bash-script which does exactly what you need:
https://github.com/eklitzke/clang-format-all
This is a bash script that will run clang-format -i on your code.
Features:
Finds the right path to clang-format on Ubuntu/Debian, which encode the LLVM version in the clang-format filename
Fixes files recursively
Detects the most common file extensions used by C/C++ projects
On Windows, I used it successfully in Git Bash and WSL.
For the Windows users: If you have Powershell 3.0 support, you can do:
Get-ChildItem -Path . -Directory -Recurse |
foreach {
cd $_.FullName
&clang-format -i -style=WebKit *.cpp
}
Note1: Use pushd . and popd if you want to have the same current directory before and after the script
Note2: The script operates in the current working directory
Note3: This can probably be written in a single line if that was really important to you
When you use Windows (CMD) but don't want to use the PowerShell cannon to shoot this fly, try this:
for /r %t in (*.cpp *.h) do clang-format -i -style=WebKit "%t"
Don't forget to duplicate the two %s if in a cmd script.
The below script and process:
works in Linux
should work on MacOS
works in Windows inside Git For Windows terminal with clang-format downloaded and installed.
Here's how I do it:
I create a run_clang_format.sh script and place it in the root of my project directory, then I run it from anywhere. Here's what it looks like:
run_clang_format.sh
#!/bin/bash
THIS_PATH="$(realpath "$0")"
THIS_DIR="$(dirname "$THIS_PATH")"
# Find all files in THIS_DIR which end in .ino, .cpp, etc., as specified
# in the regular expression just below
FILE_LIST="$(find "$THIS_DIR" | grep -E ".*(\.ino|\.cpp|\.c|\.h|\.hpp|\.hh)$")"
echo -e "Files found to format = \n\"\"\"\n$FILE_LIST\n\"\"\""
# Format each file.
# - NB: do NOT put quotes around `$FILE_LIST` below or else the `clang-format` command will
# mistakenly see the entire blob of newline-separated file names as a SINGLE file name instead
# of as a new-line separated list of *many* file names!
clang-format --verbose -i --style=file $FILE_LIST
Using --style=file means that I must also have a custom .clang-format clang-format specifier file at this same level, which I do.
Now, make your newly-created run_clang_format.sh file executable:
chmod +x run_clang_format.sh
...and run it:
./run_clang_format.sh
Here's a sample run and output for me:
~/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer$ ./run_clang-format.sh
Files found to format =
"""
/home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/examples/PPM_Writer_demo/PPM_Writer_demo.ino
/home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/examples/PPM_Writer_demo2/PPM_Writer_demo2.ino
/home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer.h
/home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer.cpp
/home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/timers/eRCaGuy_TimerCounterTimers.h
"""
Formatting /home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/examples/PPM_Writer_demo/PPM_Writer_demo.ino
Formatting /home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/examples/PPM_Writer_demo2/PPM_Writer_demo2.ino
Formatting /home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer.h
Formatting /home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer.cpp
Formatting /home/gabriel/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer/src/timers/eRCaGuy_TimerCounterTimers.h
You can find my run_clang_format.sh file in my eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer repository, and in my eRCaGuy_CodeFormatter repository too. My .clang-format file is there too.
References:
My repository:
eRCaGuy_PPM_Writer repo
run_clang_format.sh file
My notes on how to use clang-format in my "git & Linux cmds, help, tips & tricks - Gabriel.txt" doc in my eRCaGuy_dotfiles repo (search the document for "clang-format").
Official clang-format documentation, setup, instructions, etc! https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html
Download the clang-format auto-formatter/linter executable for Windows, or other installers/executables here: https://llvm.org/builds/
Clang-Format Style Options: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormatStyleOptions.html
[my answer] How can I get the source directory of a Bash script from within the script itself?
Related:
[my answer] Indenting preprocessor directives with clang-format
See also:
[my answer] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67678531/fixing-a-simple-c-code-without-the-coments/67678570#67678570
Here is a solution that searches recursively and pipes all files to clang-format as a file list in one command. It also excludes the "build" directory (I use CMake), but you can just omit the "grep" step to remove that.
shopt -s globstar extglob failglob && ls **/*.#(h|hpp|hxx|c|cpp|cxx) | grep -v build | tr '\n' ' ' | xargs clang-format -i
You can use this inside a Make file. It uses git ls-files --exclude-standard to get the list of the files, so that means untracked files are automatically skipped. It assumes that you have a .clang-tidy file at your project root.
format:
ifeq ($(OS), Windows_NT)
pwsh -c '$$files=(git ls-files --exclude-standard); foreach ($$file in $$files) { if ((get-item $$file).Extension -in ".cpp", ".hpp", ".c", ".cc", ".cxx", ".hxx", ".ixx") { clang-format -i -style=file $$file } }'
else
git ls-files --exclude-standard | grep -E '\.(cpp|hpp|c|cc|cxx|hxx|ixx)$$' | xargs clang-format -i -style=file
endif
Run with make format
Notice that I escaped $ using $$ for make.
If you use go-task instead of make, you will need this:
format:
- |
{{if eq OS "windows"}}
powershell -c '$files=(git ls-files --exclude-standard); foreach ($file in $files) { if ((get-item $file).Extension -in ".cpp", ".hpp", ".c", ".cc", ".cxx", ".hxx", ".ixx") { clang-format -i -style=file $file } }'
{{else}}
git ls-files --exclude-standard | grep -E '\.(cpp|hpp|c|cc|cxx|hxx|ixx)$' | xargs clang-format -i -style=file
{{end}}
Run with task format
If you want to run the individual scripts, then use these
# powershell
$files=(git ls-files --exclude-standard); foreach ($file in $files) { if ((get-item $file).Extension -in ".cpp", ".hpp", ".c", ".cc", ".cxx", ".hxx", ".ixx") { clang-format -i -style=file $file } }
# bash
git ls-files --exclude-standard | grep -E '\.(cpp|hpp|c|cc|cxx|hxx|ixx)$' | xargs clang-format -i -style=file
I'm using the following command to format all objective-C files under the current folder recursively:
$ find . -name "*.m" -o -name "*.h" | sed 's| |\\ |g' | xargs clang-format -i
I've defined the following alias in my .bash_profile to make things easier:
# Format objC files (*.h and *.m) under the current folder, recursively
alias clang-format-all="find . -name \"*.m\" -o -name \"*.h\" | sed 's| |\\ |g' | xargs clang-format -i"
In modern bash you can recursively crawl the file tree
for file_name in ./src/**/*.{cpp,h,hpp}; do
if [ -f "$file_name" ]; then
printf '%s\n' "$file_name"
clang-format -i $file_name
fi
done
Here the source is assumed to be located in ./src and the .clang-format contains the formatting information.
As #sbarzowski touches on in a comment above, in bash you can enable globstar which causes ** to expand recursively.
If you just want it for this one command you can do something like the following to format all .h, .cc and .cpp files.
(shopt -s globstar; clang-format -i **/*.{h,cc,cpp})
Or you can add shopt -s globstar to your .bashrc and have ** goodness all the time in bash.
As a side note, you may want to use --dry-run with clang-format the first time to be sure it's what you want.
I had similar issue with clang-format, we have a huge project with a lot of files to check and to reformat.
Scripts were a ok solutions, but there was too slow.
So, I've wrote an application that can recursively going thru files in folder and executes clang-format on them in fast multithreaded manor.
Application also supports ignore directories and files that you might not wanna touch by format (like thirdparty dirs)
You can checkout it from here: github.com/GloryOfNight/clang-format-all
I hope it would be also useful for other people.
ps: I know that app huge overkill, but its super fast at it job
A bit <O/T>, but when I googled "how to feed a list of files into clang-format" this was the top hit. In my case, I don't want to recurse over an entire directory for a specific file type. Instead, I want to apply clang-format to all the files I edited before I push my feature/bugfix branch. The first step in our pipeline is clang-format, and it almost always fails, so I wanted to run this "manually" on my changes just to take care of that step instead of nearly always dealing with a quickly failing pipeline. You can get a list of all the files you changed with
git diff <commitOrTagToCompareTo> --name-only
And borrowing from Antimony's answer, you can pipe that into xargs and finally clang-format:
git diff <commitOrTagToCompareTo> --name-only | xargs clang-format -i
Running git status will now show which files changed (git diff(tool) will show you the changes), and you can commit and push this up, hopefully moving on to more important parts of the pipeline.
The first step is to find out header and source files, we use:
find . -path ./build -prune -o -iname "*.hpp" -o -iname "*.cpp" -o -iname "*.c" -o -iname "*.h"
The -o is for "or" and -iname is for ignoring case. And in your case specifically, you may add more extensions like -o -iname "*.cc". Here another trick is to escape ./build/ directory, -path ./build -prune suggests do not descend into the given directory "./build".
Type above command you will find it still prints out "./build", then we use sed command to replace "./build" with empty char, something like:
sed 's/.\/build//' <in stream>
At last, we call clang-format to do formatting:
clang-format -i <file>
Combine them, we have:
find . -path ./build -prune -o -iname "*.hpp" -o -iname "*.cpp" -o -iname "*.cc" -o -iname "*.cxx" -o -iname "*.c" -o -iname "*.h"|sed 's/.\/build//'|xargs clang-format -i
I had similar issue where I needed to check for formatting errors, but I wanted to do it with a single clang-format invocation both on linux and windows.
Here are my one-liners:
Bash:
find $PWD/src -type f \( -name "*.h" -o -name "*.cpp" \) -exec clang-format -style=file --dry-run --Werror {} +
Powershell:
clang-format -style=file --dry-run --Werror $(Get-ChildItem -Path $PWD/src -Recurse | Where Name -Match '\.(?:h|cpp)$' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName)
I want to recursively iterate through a directory and change the extension of all files of a certain extension, say .t1 to .t2. What is the bash command for doing this?
Use:
find . -name "*.t1" -exec bash -c 'mv "$1" "${1%.t1}".t2' - '{}' +
If you have rename available then use one of these:
find . -name '*.t1' -exec rename .t1 .t2 {} +
find . -name "*.t1" -exec rename 's/\.t1$/.t2/' '{}' +
None of the suggested solutions worked for me on a fresh install of debian 14.
This should work on any Posix/MacOS
find ./ -depth -name "*.t1" -exec sh -c 'mv "$1" "${1%.t1}.t2"' _ {} \;
All credits to:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/35922/how-do-i-change-extension-of-multiple-files-recursively-from-the-command-line
If your version of bash supports the globstar option (version 4 or later):
shopt -s globstar
for f in **/*.t1; do
mv "$f" "${f%.t1}.t2"
done
I would do this way in bash :
for i in $(ls *.t1);
do
mv "$i" "${i%.t1}.t2"
done
EDIT :
my mistake : it's not recursive, here is my way for recursive changing filename :
for i in $(find `pwd` -name "*.t1");
do
mv "$i" "${i%.t1}.t2"
done
Or you can simply install the mmv command and do:
mmv '*.t1' '#1.t2'
Here #1 is the first glob part i.e. the * in *.t1 .
Or in pure bash stuff, a simple way would be:
for f in *.t1; do
mv "$f" "${f%.t1}.t2"
done
(i.e.: for can list files without the help of an external command such as ls or find)
HTH
My lazy copy-pasting of one of these solutions didn't work, but I already had fd-find installed, so I used that:
fd --extension t1 --exec mv {} {.}.t2
From fd's manpage, when executing a command (using --exec):
The following placeholders are substituted by a
path derived from the current search result:
{} path
{/} basename
{//} parent directory
{.} path without file extension
{/.} basename without file extension
i've got an question about find, prune and print combined with an while loop. I want find every file named trace but not the files ending on mailed. Also i want to exclude the files in the lost+found directory. My idea was to use the following command:
find /opt/myTESTdir/ -iwholename '*lost+found' -prune -o -ctime +4 -type f -iname "*trace*" -not -iname "*.mailed*" -print0 | while read file ; do newfile=${file%.txt}".mailed" ; mv -v $file $newfile ; done
My question is now should this work or is there an syntax error? I've tried out the find command without everything behind the pipe and it seems, that's work correctly. But i'm not sure about the combination. I hope you could answer me :)
(Sorry for my bad english)
In while loop, it seems you are trying to rename files with extension .txt to .mailed. You can achieve the same using -exec option.
Try adding following portion to the end of your find command and remove piping to while loop.
-exec sh -c 'mv -f $0 ${0%.txt}.mailed' {} \;
Complete command would look like
find /opt/myTESTdir/ -iwholename '*lost+found' -prune -o -ctime +4 -type f -iname '*trace*' ! -iname '*.mailed*' -exec sh -c 'mv -f $0 ${0%.txt}.mailed' {} \;
Say I have folders:
img1/
img2/
How do I delete those folders using regex from Linux terminal, that matches everything starts with img?
Use find to filter directories
$ find . -type d -name "img*" -exec rm -rf {} \;
As it was mentioned in a comments this is using shell globs not regexs. If you want regex
$ find . -type d -regex "\./img.*" -exec rm -rf {} \;
you could use
rm -r img*
that should delete all files and directories in the current working directory starting with img
EDIT:
to remove only directories in the current working directory starting with img
rm -r img*/
In the process of looking for how to use regexps to delete specific files inside a directory I stumbled across this post and another one by Mahmoud Mustafa: http://mah.moud.info/delete-files-or-directories-linux
This code will delete anything including four consecutive digits in 0-9, in my case folders with months and dates ranging from Jan2002 - Jan2014:
rm -fr `ls | grep -E [0-9]{4}`
Hope that helps anyone out there looking around for how to delete individual files instead of folders.
I am using Linux and intend to remove some files using shell.
I have some files in my folder, some filenames contain the word "good", others don't.
For example:
ssgood.wmv
ssbad.wmv
goodboy.wmv
cuteboy.wmv
I want to remove the files that does NOT contain "good" in the name, so the remaining files are:
ssgood.wmv
goodboy.wmv
How to do that using rm in shell? I try to use
rm -f *[!good].*
but it doesn't work.
Thanks a lot!
This command should do what you you need:
ls -1 | grep -v 'good' | xargs rm -f
It will probably run faster than other commands, since it does not involve the use of a regex (which is slow, and unnecessary for such a simple operation).
With bash, you can get "negative" matching via the extglob shell option:
shopt -s extglob
rm !(*good*)
You can use find with the -not operator:
find . -not -iname "*good*" -a -not -name "." -exec rm {} \;
I've used -exec to call rm there, but I wonder if find has a built-in delete action it does, see below.
But very careful with that. Note in the above I've had to put an -a -not -name "." clause in, because otherwise it matched ., the current directory. So I'd test thoroughly with -print before putting in the -exec rm {} \; bit!
Update: Yup, I've never used it, but there is indeed a -delete action. So:
find . -not -iname "*good*" -a -not -name "." -delete
Again, be careful and double-check you're not matching more than you want to match first.