linux C++ gmake "No rule to make target" - c++

Question

It's been a couple decades since I've had to manage makefiles. I've checked existing answers here, as well as googling elsewhere. When I use the target: $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
I'm stumped as to why my makefile is failing with:
$ make
make: *** No rule to make target 'src/SRecord.o', needed by 'bin/main'. Stop.
Here's the Makefile:
# execute `make D='-g'` to make with debug symbols
DEFS := $(D)
CC := gcc $(DEFS)
CFLAGS := -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra
CXX := g++ $(DEFS)
CXXFLAGS := -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra
BIN := bin
SRC := src
INCLUDE := include
LIB := lib
#LIBSOURCES := $(wildcard $(LIB)/*.cpp)
#LIBOBJECTS := $(LIBSOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)
#OBJECTS := $(subst $(LIB)/,,$(LIBOBJECTS))
SOURCES := $(wildcard $(SRC)/*.cpp)
OBJECTS := $(SOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)
# SOURCES := \
# $(SRC)/main.cpp \
# $(SRC)/SerialPort.cpp \
# $(SRC)/ShadowUpdate.cpp \
# $(SRC)/SRecord.cpp
# OBJECTS := \
# $(SRC)/SerialPort.o \
# $(SRC)/ShadowUpdate.o \
# $(SRC)/SRecord.o
EXECUTABLE := main
#
# Targets
#
.PHONY: clean all
all: $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
clean:
$(RM) $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
run: all
./$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
# $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(SRC)/*
$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -L$(LIB) $^ -o $#
#
# Dependencies - must be at end of makefile
#
DEPDIR := .d
$(shell mkdir -p $(DEPDIR) >/dev/null)
DEPFLAGS = -MT $# -MMD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/$*.Td
POSTCOMPILE = #mv -f $(DEPDIR)/$*.Td $(DEPDIR)/$*.d && touch $#
%.o: %.c
%.o: %.c $(DEPDIR)/%.d
$(CC) -c -o $*.o $(DEPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $<
$(POSTCOMPILE)
%.o: %.cpp
%.o: %.cpp $(DEPDIR)/%.d
$(CXX) -c -o $*.o $(DEPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $<
$(POSTCOMPILE)
$(DEPDIR)/%.d: ;
.PRECIOUS: $(DEPDIR)/%.d
include $(wildcard $(patsubst %,$(DEPDIR)/%.d,$(basename $(SOURCES))))
It works with the commented out target: # $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(SRC)/*
But, I want to be able to have a more complex project than simply listing all the source files as dependencies to the executable.
Here's my file tree:
src/
src/SerialPort.cpp
src/SRecord.cpp
src/ShadowUpdate.cpp
src/main.cpp
include
include/ShadowUpdate.h
include/SerialPort.h
include/SRecord.h
include/the_exo.h
bin/
bin/main
Makefile
lib/
.d/
The automatic dependency generation isn't working either, even though it is straight from GNU's website.

Answer 1

Think about what the % expands to in
%.o: %.cpp $(DEPDIR)/%.d
plugging in src/SRecord.o:
src/SRecord.o: src/SRecord.cpp .d/src/SRecord.d
Can you see the issue? Try the following instead
$(SRC)/%.o: $(SRC)/%.cpp $(SRC)/$(DEPDIR)/%.d
You won't need the lines that override the built-in recipes (%.o: %.cpp), get rid of them.

Answer 2

For clarity to anyone looking for the answer in the future, I'm posting my revised Makefile:
BIN := bin
SRC := src
INCLUDE := include
LIB := lib
# execute `make D='-g'` to make with debug symbols
DEFS := $(D)
CC := gcc $(DEFS)
CFLAGS := -I$(INCLUDE) -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra
CXX := g++ $(DEFS)
CXXFLAGS := -I$(INCLUDE) -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra
#LIBSOURCES := $(wildcard $(LIB)/*.cpp)
#LIBOBJECTS := $(LIBSOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)
#OBJECTS := $(subst $(LIB)/,,$(LIBOBJECTS))
SOURCES := $(wildcard $(SRC)/*.cpp)
OBJECTS := $(SOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)
EXECUTABLE := main
#
# Targets
#
.PHONY: clean all
all: $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
clean:
$(RM) $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
run: all
./$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -L$(LIB) $^ -o $#
#
# Dependencies - must be at end of makefile
#
DEPDIR := $(SRC)/.d
$(shell mkdir -p $(DEPDIR) >/dev/null)
DEPFLAGS = -MT $# -MMD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/$*.Td
POSTCOMPILE = #mv -f $(DEPDIR)/$*.Td $(DEPDIR)/$*.d && touch $#
%.o: %.c
%.o: %.c $(DEPDIR)/%.d
$(CC) -c -o $# $(DEPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $<
$(POSTCOMPILE)
%.o: %.cpp
$(SRC)/%.o: $(SRC)/%.cpp $(DEPDIR)/%.d
$(CXX) -c -o $# $(DEPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $<
$(POSTCOMPILE)
$(DEPDIR)/%.d: ;
.PRECIOUS: $(DEPDIR)/%.d
include $(wildcard $(patsubst %,$(DEPDIR)/%.d,$(basename $(SOURCES))))
To clarify my comment to the above answer, if I comment out the "override" target (%.o: %.cpp), here's the output:
$ make clean; make
rm -f bin/main
rm -f src/SRecord.o src/SerialPort.o src/ShadowUpdate.o src/main.o
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -c -o src/SRecord.o src/SRecord.cpp
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -c -o src/SerialPort.o src/SerialPort.cpp
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -c -o src/ShadowUpdate.o src/ShadowUpdate.cpp
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -c -o src/main.o src/main.cpp
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Llib src/SRecord.o src/SerialPort.o src/ShadowUpdate.o src/main.o -o bin/main
Clearly, the dependencies are not being made. My rule was not executed.
But, with the empty %.o: %.cpp target in place, the make performs as expected:
$ make clean; make
rm -f bin/main
rm -f src/SRecord.o src/SerialPort.o src/ShadowUpdate.o src/main.o
g++ -c -o src/SRecord.o -MT src/SRecord.o -MMD -MP -MF src/.d/SRecord.Td -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra src/SRecord.cpp
g++ -c -o src/SerialPort.o -MT src/SerialPort.o -MMD -MP -MF src/.d/SerialPort.Td -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra src/SerialPort.cpp
g++ -c -o src/ShadowUpdate.o -MT src/ShadowUpdate.o -MMD -MP -MF src/.d/ShadowUpdate.Td -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra src/ShadowUpdate.cpp
g++ -c -o src/main.o -MT src/main.o -MMD -MP -MF src/.d/main.Td -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra src/main.cpp
g++ -Iinclude -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Llib src/SRecord.o src/SerialPort.o src/ShadowUpdate.o src/main.o -o bin/main