When i write to a linux driver / device, in this case i want to put the embedded linux device to sleep:
echo "mem" > /sys/power/state
I get an error on the terminal if the above command fails
[ 2593.061030] dpm_run_callback(): elan_touch_suspend+0x0/0x114 returns 1
[ 2593.067578] PM: Device 0-0015 failed to suspend: error 1
[ 2593.072994] PM: Some devices failed to suspend, or early wake event detected
[ 2593.107845] ==== calc_soc_by_voltageMethod E60U22 ====
And i do this the same in c++:
int fd2 = open("/sys/power/state", O_RDWR);
write(fd2, "mem", 3);
close(fd2);
If the above command fails, i get the same error on the terminal. now i want to get this error as a string in c++, in shell i can do something like this:
echo "mem" > /sys/power/state 2>/tmp/sleep_error
But i cant figure this out in c++, I need to to try one more time if it fails
What I tryied:
Capturing cerr of the whole program, with freopen doesn't work. When I write to the device from another terminal, and do cat /dev/stderr from another, i get the output in the second one, I tryied to use it:
char byte[1000];
int stderrdevice = open("/dev/stderr", O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY);
int fd2 = open("/sys/power/state", O_RDWR);
write(fd2, "mem", 3);
close(fd2);
ssize_t size = read(stderrdevice, &byte, 1000);
printf("Read byte %s\n", byte);
This doesn't work too. Any resources, documentation related to this are welcome
Thanks everyone for help and responding. user17732522 and Nate Eldredge were right. What i was trying to get was the kernel ring buffer, that was printing out to the serial connection. The same thing was in dmesg. I ended up using klogctl to get the errors. I couldn't get only the last line of dmesg with other klogctl options, and the code is a bit chaotic, but here is what I finally used:
bool continueSleeping = true;
int count = 0;
while (continueSleeping == true) {
// https://linux.die.net/man/3/klogctl
klogctl(5, NULL, 0);
log("Trying sleep");
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
int fd2 = open("/sys/power/state", O_RDWR);
int status = write(fd2, "mem", 3);
close(fd2);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
log("After sleep");
// get dmesg, and then only lines containing <3>
char *logs_data;
ssize_t len = klogctl(10, NULL, 0);
logs_data = (char *)malloc(len);
klogctl(3, logs_data, len);
vector<string> dmesgErrorsVec;
boost::split(dmesgErrorsVec, logs_data, boost::is_any_of("\n"),
boost::token_compress_on);
// to show whole dmesg
//log("dmesg: " + (string)logs_data);
free(logs_data);
string dmesgErrors;
for (string line : dmesgErrorsVec) {
if (line.find("<3>") != std::string::npos) {
// tesdt
dmesgErrors.append(line);
dmesgErrors.append("\n");
}
}
dmesgErrorsVec.clear();
if (status == -1 or
dmesgErrors.find("PM: Some devices failed to suspend") != std::string::npos) {
log("Failed to suspend, dmesg errors:\n" + dmesgErrors);
log("status: " + to_string(status));
CEG();
count = count + 1;
if (count == 5) {
log("5 failed attemts at suspending, sleep a little longer...");
smartWait(10000);
} else if (count == 15) {
log("15 failed attempts at sleeping...");
// Write to fbink here a sad message
} else {
smartWait(3000);
}
} else {
// Exiting this sleeping hell
log("Tryied going to sleep " + to_string(count) + "times");
continueSleeping = false;
}
}
log("Sleep finished, Exiting going to sleep");
I am creating a class where I can create multiple threads that are pseudo terminals, in order to talk to each one of them I have to create multiple files / Fifos to talk to each pseudo terminal slave, because taslking to the stdin makes any created pseudoterminal listen, the problem is that when using a fifo for input it does not work.
Here is the code
void * Terminal::tTerminal(void * pvParameters)
{
Terminal (*self) = reinterpret_cast<Terminal*>(pvParameters);
fd_set inFds;
//dup2(self->in, STDIN_FILENO);
for (;;)
{
FD_ZERO(&inFds);
FD_SET(self->in, &inFds);
FD_SET(self->masterFd, &inFds);
if (select(self->masterFd + 1, &inFds, &inFds, NULL, NULL) == -1)
{
printf("select");
}
if (FD_ISSET(self->in, &inFds))
{
self->numRead = read(self->in, self->buf, BUF_SIZE);
if (self->numRead <= 0)
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
if (write(self->masterFd, self->buf, self->numRead) != self->numRead)
printf("partial/failed write (masterFd)");
}
else
{
printf("partial/failed write (masterFd)");
fflush(stdout);
}
if (FD_ISSET(self->masterFd, &inFds))
{
self->numRead = read(self->masterFd, self->buf, BUF_SIZE);
if (self->numRead <= 0)
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
if (write(self->out, self->buf, self->numRead) != self->numRead)
printf("partial/failed write (STDOUT_FILENO)");
}
else
{
printf("partial/failed write (STDOUT_FILENO)");
fflush(stdout);
}
}
For further notices the Fifos are created correctly, the file descriptors are not 0, the master and slave are running, the only problem is in:
FD_ISSET(self->in, &inFds)
Which means it is not set,
Thanks
You should make sure the first argument to select() is the highest of all possible filedescriptors plus one, so:
select(std::max(self->masterFd, self->in) + 1, &inFds, &inFds, NULL, NULL)
I am trying to figure out a generalized way for Asynchronous Bidirectional IO Redirection of a child process. Basically, I would like to spawn an interactive child process that waits for input and any output should be read back. I tried to experiment with python.subprocess by spawning a new python process. A base simplistic example tried to achieve is as follows
process = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/python'],shell=False,stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
while True:
output = process.stdout.readline()
print output
input = sys.stdin.readline()
process.stdin.write(input)
and executing the above code snippet simply hangs without any output. I tried running with /usr/bash and /usr/bin/irb but the result is all the same. My guess is, buffered IO is simply not gelling well with IO redirection.
So my question is, is it feasible to read the output of a child process without flushing the buffer or quitting the subprocess?
The following post mentions IPC sockets but for that I would have to change the child process which may not be feasible. Is there any other way to achieve it?
Note*** My ultimate goal is to create a server REPL process which can interact with a remote web client. Though the example given is of Python, my ultimate goal is to wrap all available REPL by a generalized wrapper.
With the help of some of the suggestion in the answers I came up with the following
#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess, os, select
proc = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/python'],shell=False,stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
for i in xrange(0,5):
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select([proc.stdout, proc.stderr],[proc.stdout, proc.stderr],[proc.stdout, proc.stderr],0)
if not inputready: print "No Data",
print inputready, outputready, exceptready
for s in inputready: print s.fileno(),s.readline()
proc.terminate()
print "After Terminating"
for i in xrange(0,5):
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select([proc.stdout, proc.stderr],[proc.stdout, proc.stderr],[proc.stdout, proc.stderr],0)
if not inputready: print "No Data",
print inputready, outputready, exceptready
for s in inputready: print s.fileno(),s.readline()
now, though the programs is not in deadlock but unfortunately there is no output. Running the above code I get
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
After Terminating
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
No Data [] [] []
Just FYI,
running python as
/usr/bin/python 2>&1|tee test.out
seems to be working just fine.
I also came up with a 'C' code. But the result is not different.
int kbhit() {
struct timeval tv;
fd_set fds;
tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0;
FD_ZERO(&fds);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &fds);
select(STDIN_FILENO+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
return FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &fds);
}
void receive(char *str) {
char ch;
fprintf(stderr,"IN1\n");
if(!kbhit()) return;
fprintf(stderr,"IN2\n");
fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",kbhit());
for(;kbhit() && (ch=fgetc(stdin))!=EOF;) {
fprintf(stderr,"%c,%d",ch,kbhit());
}
fprintf(stderr,"Done\n");
}
int main(){
pid_t pid;
int rv, pipeP2C[2],pipeC2P[2];
pipe(pipeP2C);
pipe(pipeC2P);
pid=fork();
if(pid){
dup2(pipeP2C[1],1); /* Replace stdout with out side of the pipe */
close(pipeP2C[0]); /* Close unused side of pipe (in side) */
dup2(pipeC2P[0],0); /* Replace stdin with in side of the pipe */
close(pipeC2P[1]); /* Close unused side of pipe (out side) */
setvbuf(stdout,(char*)NULL,_IONBF,0); /* Set non-buffered output on stdout */
sleep(2);
receive("quit()\n");
wait(&rv); /* Wait for child process to end */
fprintf(stderr,"Child exited with a %d value\n",rv);
}
else{
dup2(pipeP2C[0],0); /* Replace stdin with the in side of the pipe */
close(pipeP2C[1]); /* Close unused side of pipe (out side) */
dup2(pipeC2P[1],1); /* Replace stdout with the out side of the pipe */
close(pipeC2P[0]); /* Close unused side of pipe (out side) */
setvbuf(stdout,(char*)NULL,_IONBF,0); /* Set non-buffered output on stdout */
close(2), dup2(1,2); /*Redirect stderr to stdout */
if(execl("/usr/bin/python","/usr/bin/python",NULL) == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"execl Error!");
exit(1);
}
}
return 0;
}
In the Python code you posted, you're not using the right streams:
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], # read list
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], # write list
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], # error list.
0) # time out.
I haven't tried fixing it, but I bet reading and writing to the same set of streams is incorrect.
There are multiple things going wrong in your sample. The first is that the python executable that you launch as as a child process produces no output. The second is that there is a race condition since you can invoke select() 5 times in a row before the child process produces output, in which case you will kill the process before reading anything.
I fixed the three problems mentioned above (write list, starting a process that produces output and race condition). Try out this sample and see if it works for you:
#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess, os, select, time
path = "/usr/bin/python"
proc = subprocess.Popen([path, "foo.py"], shell=False,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
for i in xrange(0,5):
time.sleep(1)
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], [proc.stdin,],
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr, proc.stdin], 0)
if not inputready:
print "No Data",
print inputready, outputready, exceptready
for s in inputready:
print s.fileno(),s.readline()
proc.terminate()
print "After Terminating"
for i in xrange(0,5):
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], [proc.stdin,],
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr, proc.stdin], 0)
if not inputready:
print "No Data",
print inputready, outputready, exceptready
for s in inputready:
print s.fileno(),s.readline()
The foo.py file I used contained this:
#!/usr/bin/python
print "Hello, world!"
The following version (mostly removed redundant output to make results easier to read):
#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess, os, select, time
path = "/usr/bin/python"
proc = subprocess.Popen([path, "foo.py"], shell=False,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
for i in xrange(0,5):
time.sleep(1)
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], [proc.stdin,],
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr, proc.stdin], 0)
for s in inputready:
line = s.readline()
if line:
print s.fileno(), line
proc.terminate()
print "After Terminating"
for i in xrange(0,5):
time.sleep(1)
inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr], [proc.stdin,],
[proc.stdout, proc.stderr, proc.stdin], 0)
for s in inputready:
line = s.readline()
if line:
print s.fileno(), line
Gives the following output:
5 Hello, world!
After Terminating
Note that for some reason, using the timeout parameter in select.select() did not produce the expected results on my system, and I resorted to using time.sleep() instead.
Just FYI, running python as
/usr/bin/python 2>&1|tee test.out
seems to be working just fine.
You cannot get this effect because this example still gives the python interpreter a controlling tty. Without the controlling tty, the python interpreter does not print the Python version and does not display the >>> prompt.
A close example would be something like the following. You can replace the /dev/null with a file containing commands to send to the interpreter.
/usr/bin/python </dev/null 2>&1|tee test.out
If you redirect anything other than the controlling tty (keyboard) as the standard input to the process, you will get no output from the python interpreter. This is why your code appears not to work.
There are different way to do this.
You can, for example:
use SysV message queues and poll with timeout on the queue for message to arrive
create a pipe() for the child and a pipe() for the father both using the O_NONBLOCK flag and then select() on the file descriptors for data to arrive (to can even handle timeouts if no data arrives)
use socket() AF_UNIX or AF_INET, set it non blocking and select() or epoll() for data to arrive
mmap() MAP_SHARED memory segments and signal the other process when data is arrived, pay attention to the shared segment with a locking mechanism.
I wrote a sample in C with double pipes:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#define BUFLEN (6*1024)
#define EXECFILE "/usr/bin/python"
char *itoa(int n, char *s, int b) {
static char digits[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
int i=0, sign;
if ((sign = n) < 0)
n = -n;
do {
s[i++] = digits[n % b];
} while ((n /= b) > 0);
if (sign < 0)
s[i++] = '-';
s[i] = '\0';
return s;
}
/*
int set_nonblock(int sockfd) { // set socket to non blocking
int arg,i;
if ((arg=fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, NULL)) < 0) {
printf("error getting socket flag for fd %i: fcntl(..., F_GETFL): %i\n", sockfd, errno);
return -1;
}
// set O_NONBLOCK flag
arg |= O_NONBLOCK;
if ((i=fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, arg)) < 0) {
printf("error setting socket flag for fd %i: fcntl(..., F_SETFL): %i\n", sockfd, errno);
return -1;
}
return i;
}
int set_block(int sockfd) { // set socket to blocking
int arg,i;
if ((arg=fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, NULL)) < 0) {
printf("error getting socket flag for fd %i: fcntl(..., F_GETFL): %i\n", sockfd, errno);
return -1;
}
// clean O_NONBLOCK flag
arg &= (~O_NONBLOCK);
if ((i=fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, arg)) < 0) {
printf("error setting socket flag for fd %i: fcntl(..., F_SETFL): %i\n", sockfd, errno);
return -1;
}
return i;
}
*/
int main() {
FILE *input;
char slice[BUFLEN];
int status = 0;
pid_t pid;
int err;
int newfd;
// if you want you can pass arguments to the program to execute
// char *const arguments[] = {EXECFILE, "-v", NULL};
char *const arguments[] = {EXECFILE, NULL};
int father2child_pipefd[2];
int child2father_pipefd[2];
char *read_data = NULL;
FILE *retclam;
fd_set myset;
int x=1;
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
newfd = dup(0);
input = fdopen(newfd, "r");
pipe(father2child_pipefd); // Father speaking to child
pipe(child2father_pipefd); // Child speaking to father
pid = fork();
if (pid > 0) { // Father
close(father2child_pipefd[0]);
close(child2father_pipefd[1]);
// Write to the pipe reading from stdin
retclam = fdopen(child2father_pipefd[0], "r");
// set the two fd non blocking
//set_nonblock(0);
//set_nonblock(child2father_pipefd[0]);
//set_nonblock(fileno(retclam));
while(x==1) {
// clear the file descriptor set
FD_ZERO(&myset);
// add the stdin to the set
FD_SET(fileno(input), &myset);
// add the child pipe to the set
FD_SET(fileno(retclam), &myset);
// here we wait for data to arrive from stdin or from the child pipe. The last argument is a timeout, if you like
err = select(fileno(retclam)+1, &myset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
switch(err) {
case -1:
// Problem with select(). The errno variable knows why
//exit(1);
x=0;
break;
case 0:
// timeout on select(). Data did not arrived in time, only valid if the last attribute of select() was specified
break;
default:
// data is ready to be read
bzero(slice, BUFLEN);
if (FD_ISSET(fileno(retclam), &myset)) { // data ready on the child
//set_block(fileno(retclam));
read_data = fgets(slice, BUFLEN, retclam); // read a line from the child (max BUFLEN bytes)
//set_nonblock(fileno(retclam));
if (read_data == NULL) {
//exit(0);
x=0;
break;
}
// write data back to stdout
write (1, slice, strlen(slice));
if(feof(retclam)) {
//exit(0);
x=0;
break;
}
break;
}
bzero(slice, BUFLEN);
if (FD_ISSET(fileno(input), &myset)) { // data ready on stdin
//printf("father\n");
//set_block(fileno(input));
read_data = fgets(slice, BUFLEN, input); // read a line from stdin (max BUFLEN bytes)
//set_nonblock(fileno(input));
if (read_data == NULL) {
//exit (0);
close(father2child_pipefd[1]);
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
//fclose(input);
break;
}
// write data to the child
write (father2child_pipefd[1], slice, strlen(slice));
/*
if(feof(input)) {
exit(0);
}*/
break;
}
}
}
close(father2child_pipefd[1]);
fclose(input);
fsync(1);
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
// child process terminated
fclose (retclam);
// Parse output data from child
// write (1, "you can append somethind else on stdout if you like");
if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
exit (0); // child process exited successfully
}
}
if (pid == 0) { // Child
close (0); // stdin is not needed
close (1); // stdout is not needed
// Close the write side of this pipe
close(father2child_pipefd[1]);
// Close the read side of this pipe
close(child2father_pipefd[0]);
// Let's read on stdin, but this stdin is associated to the read pipe
dup2(father2child_pipefd[0], 0);
// Let's speak on stdout, but this stdout is associated to the write pipe
dup2(child2father_pipefd[1], 1);
// if you like you can put something back to the father before execve
//write (child2father_pipefd[1], "something", 9);
//fsync(child2father_pipefd[1]);
err = execve(EXECFILE, arguments, NULL);
// we'll never be here again after execve succeeded!! So we get here only if the execve() failed
//fprintf(stderr, "Problem executing file %s: %i: %s\n", EXECFILE, err, strerror(errno));
exit (1);
}
if (pid < 0) { // Error
exit (1);
}
fclose(input);
return 0;
}
I use 2-way io in bash like this:
mkfifo hotleg
mkfifo coldleg
program <coldleg |tee hotleg &
while read LINE; do
case $LINE in
*)call_a_function $LINE;;
esac
done <hotleg |tee coldleg &
(note that you can just ">" instead of tee, but you may want to see the output at first)
Your guess that buffered I/O is to blame is most likely correct. The way you wrote your loop, the read will block until it fills the required buffer, and you won't be able to process any input until it returns. This can easily cause a deadlock.
Popen.communicate deals with this by making a thread to work with each pipe, and by making sure it has all the data to be written to stdin, so that the actual write cannot be delayed while the file object waits for a buffer to fill or for the file object to be flushed/closed. I think you could make a solution involving threads work if you needed to, but that's not really asynchronous and probably not the easiest solution.
You can get around python's buffering by not using the file objects provided by Popen to access the pipes, and instead grabbing their fd's using the fileno() method. You can then use the fd's with os.read, os.write, and select.select. The os.read and os.write functions will do no buffering, but they will block until at least one byte can be read/written. You need to make sure the pipe is readable/writeable before calling them. The simplest way to do this is to use select.select() to wait for all the pipes you want to read/write, and make a single read or write call to every pipe that's ready when select() returns. You should be able to find examples of select loops if you search (they'll probably be using sockets instead of pipes, but the principle is the same). (Also, never do a read or write without checking first that it won't block, or you can end up with cases where you cause a deadlock with the child process. You have to be ready to read data even when you haven't yet written everything you want.)
If you need to control a Python interpreter session, you're probably better off with
embedding Python into your program (plain evals if it's in Python itself), or
using RPC facilities like rpyc like PyScripter does.
Btw in the latter case, the server can be run anywhere and PyScripter already has a working server module (client module is in Pascal, will need to translate).
Hi I am working on Linux and I am trying to create a GUI app to go with my executable I have made.
For some reason it unexpectedly ends. There is no error message, it just says in the Qt console window it unexpectedly ended with exit code 0.
Can someone please have a look at it for me. I am working on Linux.
I will also paste the code here.
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
QString stringURL = ui->lineEdit->text();
ui->labelError->clear();
if(stringURL.isEmpty() || stringURL.isNull()) {
ui->labelError->setText("You have not entered a URL.");
stringURL.clear();
return;
}
std::string cppString = stringURL.toStdString();
const char* cString = cppString.c_str();
char* output;
//These arrays will hold the file id of each end of two pipes
int fidOut[2];
int fidIn[2];
//Create two uni-directional pipes
int p1 = pipe(fidOut); //populates the array fidOut with read/write fid
int p2 = pipe(fidIn); //populates the array fidIn with read/write fid
if ((p1 == -1) || (p2 == -1)) {
printf("Error\n");
return;
}
//To make this more readable - I'm going to copy each fileid
//into a semantically more meaningful name
int parentRead = fidIn[0];
int parentWrite = fidOut[1];
int childRead = fidOut[0];
int childWrite = fidIn[1];
//////////////////////////
//Fork into two processes/
//////////////////////////
pid_t processId = fork();
//Which process am I?
if (processId == 0) {
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
//CHILD PROCESS - inherits file id's from parent/
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
::close(parentRead); //Don't need these
::close(parentWrite); //
//Map stdin and stdout to pipes
dup2(childRead, STDIN_FILENO);
dup2(childWrite, STDOUT_FILENO);
//Exec - turn child into sort (and inherit file id's)
execlp("htmlstrip", "htmlstrip", "-n", NULL);
} else {
/////////////////
//PARENT PROCESS/
/////////////////
::close(childRead); //Don't need this
::close(childWrite); //
//Write data to child process
//char strMessage[] = cString;
write(parentWrite, cString, strlen(cString));
::close(parentWrite); //this will send an EOF and prompt sort to run
//Read data back from child
char charIn;
while ( read(parentRead, &charIn, 1) > 0 ) {
output = output + (charIn);
printf("%s", output);
}
::close(parentRead); //This will prompt the child process to quit
}
return;
}
EDIT:: DEBUGGING RESULTS
I ran the debugger and this is the error I received:
The inferior stopped because it received a signal from the Operating System.
Signal name : SIGSEGV
Signal meaning : Segmentation fault
You haven't initialized the "output" variable. On the last lines of your code, you do this:
while ( read(parentRead, &charIn, 1) > 0 ) {
output = output + (charIn);
printf("%s", output);
}
Which will do nasty things, since you are adding a byte read from your child process, to the output variable, which is a pointer that contains garbage, and then printing the contents of the "output" variable's address as a string. You probably want "output" to be a std::string, that way your code could make sense:
std::string output;
/* ... */
while ( read(parentRead, &charIn, 1) > 0 ) {
output += (charIn);
}
std::cout << output;
Once you have read all the data your child process has generated, you can write it to stdout.
EDIT: since you want to set the contents of "output" to a QPlainTextEdit, you can use QPlainTextEdit::setPlainText:
while ( read(parentRead, &charIn, 1) > 0 ) {
output += (charIn);
}
plainTextEdit.setPlainText(output.c_str());
Using Linux and C++, I would like a function that does the following:
string f(string s)
{
string r = system("foo < s");
return r;
}
Obviously the above doesn't work, but you get the idea. I have a string s that I would like to pass as the standard input of a child process execution of application "foo", and then I would like to record its standard output to string r and then return it.
What combination of Linux syscalls or POSIX functions should I use?
I'm using Linux 3.0 and do not need the solution to work with older systems.
The code provided by eerpini does not work as written. Note, for example, that the pipe ends that are closed in the parent are used afterwards. Look at
close(wpipefd[1]);
and the subsequent write to that closed descriptor. This is just transposition, but it shows this code has never been used. Below is a version that I have tested. Unfortunately, I changed the code style, so this was not accepted as an edit of eerpini's code.
The only structural change is that I only redirect the I/O in the child (note the dup2 calls are only in the child path.) This is very important, because otherwise the parent's I/O gets messed up. Thanks to eerpini for the initial answer, which I used in developing this one.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define PIPE_READ 0
#define PIPE_WRITE 1
int createChild(const char* szCommand, char* const aArguments[], char* const aEnvironment[], const char* szMessage) {
int aStdinPipe[2];
int aStdoutPipe[2];
int nChild;
char nChar;
int nResult;
if (pipe(aStdinPipe) < 0) {
perror("allocating pipe for child input redirect");
return -1;
}
if (pipe(aStdoutPipe) < 0) {
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
perror("allocating pipe for child output redirect");
return -1;
}
nChild = fork();
if (0 == nChild) {
// child continues here
// redirect stdin
if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// redirect stdout
if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// redirect stderr
if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// all these are for use by parent only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
// run child process image
// replace this with any exec* function find easier to use ("man exec")
nResult = execve(szCommand, aArguments, aEnvironment);
// if we get here at all, an error occurred, but we are in the child
// process, so just exit
exit(nResult);
} else if (nChild > 0) {
// parent continues here
// close unused file descriptors, these are for child only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
// Include error check here
if (NULL != szMessage) {
write(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE], szMessage, strlen(szMessage));
}
// Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
while (read(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ], &nChar, 1) == 1) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, &nChar, 1);
}
// done with these in this example program, you would normally keep these
// open of course as long as you want to talk to the child
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
} else {
// failed to create child
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
}
return nChild;
}
Since you want bidirectional access to the process, you would have to do what popen does behind the scenes explicitly with pipes. I am not sure if any of this will change in C++, but here is a pure C example :
void piped(char *str){
int wpipefd[2];
int rpipefd[2];
int defout, defin;
defout = dup(stdout);
defin = dup (stdin);
if(pipe(wpipefd) < 0){
perror("Pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(pipe(rpipefd) < 0){
perror("Pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(wpipefd[0], 0) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(rpipefd[1], 1) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(fork() == 0){
close(defout);
close(defin);
close(wpipefd[0]);
close(wpipefd[1]);
close(rpipefd[0]);
close(rpipefd[1]);
//Call exec here. Use the exec* family of functions according to your need
}
else{
if(dup2(defin, 0) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(defout, 1) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(defout);
close(defin);
close(wpipefd[1]);
close(rpipefd[0]);
//Include error check here
write(wpipefd[1], str, strlen(str));
//Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
while(read(rpipefd[0], &ch, 1) != -1){
write(stdout, &ch, 1);
}
}
}
Effectively you do this :
Create pipes and redirect the stdout and stdin to the ends of the two pipes (note that in linux, pipe() creates unidirectional pipes, so you need to use two pipes for your purpose).
Exec will now start a new process which has the ends of the pipes for stdin and stdout.
Close the unused descriptors, write the string to the pipe and then start reading whatever the process might dump to the other pipe.
dup() is used to create a duplicate entry in the file descriptor table. While dup2() changes what the descriptor points to.
Note : As mentioned by Ammo# in his solution, what I provided above is more or less a template, it will not run if you just tried to execute the code since clearly there is a exec* (family of functions) missing, so the child will terminate almost immediately after the fork().
Ammo's code has some error handling bugs. The child process is returning after dup failure instead of exiting. Perhaps the child dups can be replaced with:
if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1
)
{
exit(errno);
}
// all these are for use by parent only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);