Visual Studio 2017, no drop down to change load/focus/onmove - visual-studio-2017

I installed the latest version of Visual Studio and do not know what this bar is called or how to bring it back.

This is called the Navigation Bar. It can be found under Tools -> Options -> Text Editor -> Basic (for VB) -> General.
Each language has it's own value for a collection of common settings (including this one), and different languages pick different defaults.

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webview 2 icon not displayed in Visual Studio toolbox

For some reason, and after trying all the solutions that i found on the internet, the Webview 2 tool isn't showing in the Toolbox.
I have installed and upgraded Visual Studio, Microsoft Edge and Microsoft Edge Canary, but nothing seem to help.
i am using Visual Studio 2019 version 16.7.2
Webview 2 9.538 (Pre-release, as suggested in one of the answers, i have tried all other versions also).
i have downloaded and installed Edge Canary version 87.0.629.0.
the version of Edge is "85.0.564.44‏".
any idea ?
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i would like to share with you the solution:
i have added the component manually:
inside toolbox menu -> right click anywhere -> choose items -> browse -> project name -> packages - > webView 2 folder -> lib -> net462 -> Microsoft.Web.WebView2.WinForms.dll
disclaimer:
I have tried this solution with other (newer) webView 2 releases, but it didn't work (as specified in the question i'm using v.9.538 (Pre-release).

MFC development in vs2017

When I installed vs2017, I did select Windows development with C++ option. After installation, however, I don't see the MFC has been added. Sure enough, I get errors when I compile my application,
fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'afxwin.h': No such file or directory
I cannot find the Change/Modify option with my vs2017 installation in Control Panel. How can I add "Microsoft Foundation Classes for C++" package?
If you look near the top of the VS Installer window, you'll see Workloads, Individual Components and Language Packs.
At least as far as I can see, none of the "Workloads" will include MFC in your installation. To get it, you first have to click on "Individual Components", then scroll quite a ways down to get to the "SDKs, libraries and frameworks" section. In there, you'll find a list of components for ATL and MFC support:
In the VS 2019 installer, the list of possibilities has gotten even longer. There are versions for ARM, ARM64, and x86/x64 both with and without Spectre mitigations, for each of the 141 and 142 build sets:
That's not necessarily the end of the story though: by default, even when you install that, it only installs the version Unicode build of MFC. If you want the narrow-character version, you have to install that separately. I don't think there's any entry in the installer to do this at all--but if you try to build a project that uses narrow-character MFC, you'll get an error message that includes a link to download it.
In Windows 10 with Visual Studio 2017 Community Edition to modify the Visual Studio 2017 installation, I had to go into Settings from the Windows Start menu then in the search box enter "Apps & Features" to bring up the list of installed applications (just typing in "apps" was enough to bring it up in the list).
I then looked for Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 in the list of apps, clicked on that entry which then displayed the Modify button. Clicking on the Modify button will bring up the installer to allow you to modify the various components.
I have seen cases where the installer wants to do an Update of Visual Studio 2017 before allowing you to do the Modify action. Depends on the last time you used it and the last time you did an update.
So instead of a Modify button there may instead be an Update button.
Note: see also How to install (v142) Build tools in Visual studio which describes issues seen with install order when installing both VS 2017 and VS 2019.
The VS 2017 Modify dialog has three tabs, "Workloads", "Individual components", and "Language packs". Click on the "Individual components" then scroll down to the section titled "SDKs, libraries, and frameworks" which is the last section in my install. There should be an entry for "MFC and ATL support (x86 and x64)" with a checkbox near the end.
There is a lot of stuff available from this "Individual components" view of the "Modify installation" dialog.
Just to add a tip for VS 2019:
#Jerry Coffin's answer does a good job of laying out the explosion of MFC/ATL options in VS 2019. Since there are many options and each MFC pack is 1.1+GB, here is how to pick the right one.
Platform: Hopefully you know this :) but it is in project properties.
Version: For an existing project, it is found in the project properties under "Configuration Properties -> General -> Platform Toolset"
Below is a screenshot showing both (Win32=x86 in this case). In this case I needed "C++ MFC for v141 build tools (x86 & x64)":
You should use Visual Studio Installer to make changes.
To create an MFC project, you just need to select Win32 project/Win32 Console Application for your application type, and then click OK. In Application Wizard, click next, in Application Settings, check MFC under Add common header files for:.

How to enable IntelliSense for C++ in Visual Studio 2015

I've just installed VS2015 for C++ development, however traditional hot keys like ctrl+space or . or -> don't show the IntelliSense window.
Somewhere on the web I found that I needed to open the IntelliSense Manager from the Tools menu. But that's not in my Tools window.
In addition, I reviewed related items in my IDE settings and found a Text Editor -> C++ -> Advanced - IntelliSense section with a number of settings, including Disable IntelliSense, which is True in my setup. The problem is that all settings in this section are readonly (not editable).
How do I fix the problem?
VS2015.2, fresh install. No previous installation on this host.

`Extensibility` group is missing in Visual C++ 2013 (creating custom add-in)

I have an Visual Studio C++ 2013 installed (not an Express edition).
I would like to create an custom add-in, according to http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/324611/Extending-Visual-Studio-Part-2-Creating-Addins
The tutorial here is made for C#, but I guess it's also possible to create an add-in for VC++.
However, when I go to File -> New project -> Other project types the Extensibility group is missing:
How it looks in the tutorial:
You need to install the Visual Studio SDK. See Where is Visual Studio 2013 Extensibility VSIX Project Template. This should give you the extensibility option. It may also be hiding under VC++ -> Extensibility as opposed to Other Project Types -> Extensibility.

Visual studio keymaps in netbeans (c++)

Is there's a keymap profile for Netbeans that replicate Visual studio's keymapping?
Thanks.
Since it's not possible to map keys depending our your actions (like in VS) its not possible to get an exact dublicate of VS keymapping. Anyway you can make your own:
Tools -> Options -> Keymap -> Manage Profiles there you duplicate the current one (as a backup)
Now you can change the key's towards VS2010.