I want to create multiple vertex buffers in objects (one by object). the constructor is:
VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(const GLvoid *data,
GLsizeiptr size,
GLenum mode,
GLsizei count,
GLsizei stride,
ShaderInterface *shaderInterface,
GLvoid *positionOffset,
GLvoid *normalOffset)
: _mode(mode),
_count(count),
_stride(stride),
_shaderInterface(shaderInterface),
_positionOffset(positionOffset),
_normalOffset(normalOffset)
{
glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBufferID);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBufferID);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//
GLuint vao = 0;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); //??????
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBufferID);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
//
}
If I create 1 object VertexBuffer, this works ok. But if I create another object (I won't use it) and I draw the first object again the result is not correct (for example, the object showed is in other place). Why?
You don't seem to store the vao anywhere, but you should. Before drawing each object you shall glBindVertexArray its vao (but not _vertexBufferID) before you call any of glDraw*.
See also this answer to see what state VAOs contain.
Related
I'm trying to draw multiple objects with a (the same) basic shader program. The objects have vertex buffers that I intend to draw using associated index buffers by calling glDrawElements. I've set up a VAO for each object and thought I'd associated the index buffer and vertex buffer with the VAO, but when I draw the second (and any additional objects) they are drawn using the wrong vertices.
Here's my (pseudoish) code for setting up the VBO's and EBO's:
glGenBuffers(1, &vboCube);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboCube);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, getNumSphereVertices() * sizeof(Vertex), &data[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glGenBuffers(1, &iboCube);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboCube);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, getNumCubeIndices() * sizeof(uint32), &data[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glGenBuffers(1, &vboSphere);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboSphere);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, getNumSphereVertices() * sizeof(Vertex), &data[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glGenBuffers(1, &iboSphere);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboSphere);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, getNumSphereIndices() * sizeof(uint32), &data[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
Edit:
These have been updated to use DSA equivalents and the problem persists. DSA code as per:
glCreateBuffers(1, &vboCube);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboCube);
glNamedBufferData(vboCube, getNumCubeVertices() * sizeof(Vertex), &data[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
Next linking my program attributes:
glUseProgram(programID);
uint32 vaoCube;
glCreateVertexArrays(1, &vaoCube);
glBindVertexArray(vaoCube);
i = 0
for each attribute:
uint32 attribIndex = glGetAttribLocation(program, name.c_str());
glVertexArrayVertexBuffer(vaoCube, i, vboCube, 0, stride);
glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vaoCube, attribIndex);
glVertexArrayAttribFormat(vaoCube, attribIndex, numCells, dataType, normalise, offset);
glVertexArrayAttribBinding(vaoCube, attribIndex, i);
glVertexArrayBindingDivisor(vaoCube, i, divisor);
i++
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindVertexArray(vaoCube);
glVertexArrayElementBuffer(vaoCube, iboCube);
glBindVertexArray(0);
uint32 vaoSphere;
glCreateVertexArrays(1, &vaoSphere);
glBindVertexArray(vaoSphere);
i = 0
for each attribute:
uint32 attribIndex = glGetAttribLocation(program, name.c_str());
glVertexArrayVertexBuffer(vaoSphere, i, vboSphere, 0, stride);
glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vaoSphere, attribIndex);
glVertexArrayAttribFormat(vaoSphere, attribIndex, numCells, dataType, normalise, offset);
glVertexArrayAttribBinding(vaoSphere, attribIndex, i);
glVertexArrayBindingDivisor(vaoSphere, i, divisor);
i++
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindVertexArray(vaoSphere);
glVertexArrayElementBuffer(vaoSphere, iboSphere);
glBindVertexArray(0);
And finally drawing the objects:
glBindVertexArray(vaoCube);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, getNumCubeIndices(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (GLvoid*)0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindVertexArray(vaoSphere);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, getNumSphereIndices(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (GLvoid*)0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
Finally the result:
Is the VAO setup incorrect?
If you are using ARB_direct_state_access/OpenGL 4.5, you should do so consistently and entirely. So all of that stuff in "my (pseudoish) code for setting up the VBO's and EBO's:" is wrong. You should be using glCreateBuffer, glNamedBufferData and the like.
This is important because while GL_ARRAY_BUFFER is part of context state, GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER is part of VAO state. And if you're using core OpenGL and don't have a VAO bound... that means there is no element array buffer state. So your glBindBuffer call should have errored out, and your subsequent attempts to use them would similarly fail.
The problem was external to the code shown above. The above code actually works.
I want to create a VAO for every 3D Object in my program.
I create two VAO's:
//in some method 1
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao1);
//in some method 2
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao2);
then for earch VAO I create 2 VBO's:
glBindVertexArray(vao1);
glGenBuffers(2, vbos1);
glBindVertexArray(0);
//and the same for vao2, vbos2
then I send the data to the gpu:
glBindVertexArray(vao1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbos1[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(positions1), positions1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbos1[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
//and the same for vao2, vbos2, indices2
Then I do the same thing for vao2.
Now only vao2 is drawn.
If I switch the
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao2);
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao1);
Then only the vao1 is drawn.
I draw the vaos via:
glBindVertexArray(vao1);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indices1, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
//in another method
glBindVertexArray(vao2);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indices2, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
It makes no difference in which order I draw them, send the data to the gpu or initialize the buffers.
Why is that so?
Right: the order of creating VAOs makes no difference.
Among other things, a VAO stores the buffer binding. You don't need to bind a buffer each time you draw or update data. Just bind the VAO.
If the whole data fits in GPU memory you can update data only once, likely at buffer+VAO creation and binding. If not, then binding the VAO also makes the buffer "associated" in that VAO ready for receiving data.
Can two VAOs (va01, vao2) have the same vertex attribute index number?
GLuint vao1, vao2;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao1);
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao2);
{
glBindVertexArray(vao1);
...
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo1);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
...
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
{
glBindVertexArray(vao2);
...
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo2);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
...
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
Suppose vbo1 and vbo2are defined before these code and they got glBufferDataalready. Can vao1 and vao2 both have the same vertex attribute index number 0?
Yes, several VAOs can set up the same vertex attributes, pointing to different VBOs each.
Suppose vbo1 and vbo2are defined before these code and they got glBufferDataalready. Can vao1 and vao2 both have the same vertex attribute index number 0?
You are confusing some things here. VAOs never care about the BufferData. VAOs store the attribute pointers, the attribute enables, and the GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING. They do not store any vertex data, they only reference to it. And they do reference a VBO by name - that means that you can just do:
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo1);
glVertexAttribPointer(i, ...); // here, a reference to vbo1 gets part of the attrib pointer for attrib i
...
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo1);
glBufferData(...); // VAO will now point into this buffer storage
(this also means that you can set up the pointer before you created the buffer storage for the VBO, you just need to have created the VBO object). Maybe you find my illustration in this answer helpful.
I'm not very experience with the OpenGL library so I'm having trouble understanding why when I move some initialization code to a class or a function, GL stops drawing onto the screen. Some research indicates that the library is "global" or state-based rather than object based?
Anyway, here is some code that works
GLuint vertexArrayBuffer;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexArrayBuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexArrayBuffer);
// VBO is ready to accept vertex data
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
while(!screen.isClosed()) {
// Give the screen a background color
screen.paint(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexArrayBuffer);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Switch to display buffer after drawing all of the above
screen.swapBuffers();
This is all enclosed in the main function, with not much programming structure. The output is a nice white triangle onto a blueish background.
This is the issue here, taking the exact code prior to the event loop and wrapping it into a function:
GLuint initVertexArray(vertex vertices[]) {
// Create file descriptor for the VBO for use as reference to gl vertex functions
GLuint vertexArrayBuffer;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexArrayBuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexArrayBuffer);
// VBO is ready to accept vertex data
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
return vertexArrayBuffer;
}
and calling it GLuint vertexArrayBuffer = initVertexArray(vertices); in the main function, produces no output of any kind, no errors either, just the same blueish background.
Have you checked what sizeof(vertices) is returning. In this case vertices[] will decay into a pointer so I would imagine that sizeof(vertices) is sizeof(vertex*).
Try passing the size of the array alongside it like so:
GLuint initVertexArray(vertex vertices[], const unsigned int size);
Then you would use it like so:
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
instead of:
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
You would then call it in the same scope as you declared your vertices array:
vertex vertices[100];
// sizeof(vertices) here will give the actual size of the vertices array
// eg: sizeof(vertex) * 100 instead of just giving sizeof(vertex*)
GLuint vertexArrayBuffer = initVertexArray(vertices, sizeof(vertices));
So I have some code that creates a buffer and puts some vertices in it:
GLuint vertexbuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
I also bind it to a shader attribute:
glBindAttribLocation(programID, 0, "pos");
And, finally, draw it:
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
Of course, there is other code, but all of this stuff runs fine (displays a red triangle on the screen)
However, the instant I try to factor this stuff out in a struct, nothing will display (here is one of the methods):
void loadVerts(GLfloat verts[], int indices)
{
GLuint vertexbuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts), verts, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(indice, indices, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(indice);
indice++;
buffers.push_back(vertexbuffer);
}
I've quadruple checked this code, and I've also traced it to make sure it would match the code above whenever its called. My draw call is almost the same as my original:
void draw()
{
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.at(0));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
}
I've also tried making this a class, and adding/changing many parts of the code. buffers and indice are just some vars to keep track of buffers and attribute indexes. buffers is an std::vector<GLuint> FWIW.
The main problem is here:
void loadVerts(GLfloat verts[], int indices)
{
...
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts), verts, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
The type of the verts argument is a pointer to GLfloat. Your function signature is equivalent to:
void loadVerts(GLfloat* verts, int indices)
So sizeof(verts), which is used as the second argument to glBufferData(), is 4 on a 32-bit architecture, 8 on a 64-bit architecture.
You will need to pass the size as an additional argument to this function, and use that value as the second argument to glBufferData().
These statements also look somewhat confusing:
glVertexAttribPointer(indice, indices, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(indice);
I can't tell if there's a real problem, but you have two variables with very similar names that are used very differently. indice needs to be the location of the attribute in your vertex shader, while indices needs to be the number of components in the attribute.