Convert String to Const Char XYZ[] PROGMEM {}

Convert String to Const Char XYZ[] PROGMEM {} - c++

How to convert a String to Const Char XYZ[] PROGMEM?
Specific issue:
I am working on Arduino + OLED project (using the squix library) in which I am displaying image defined by WiFi_Logo_bits[] using the following code
void drawImageDemo() {
display.drawXbm(0, 0, WiFi_Logo_width, WiFi_Logo_height, WiFi_Logo_bits); // variables are defined below
}
Everything works as it as, but now I want to dynamically get the image data from internet and store in WiFi_Logo_bits[]. I am successfully able to retrieve the data for ex: {0xFE, 0xDE, 0x01......} as String, but cannot assign the value to WiFi_Logo_bits[] PROGMEM as I am having problem with datatypes conversion.
Variables above are defined as below:
#define WiFi_Logo_width 119
#define WiFi_Logo_height 63
const char WiFi_Logo_bits[] PROGMEM = {
0xF2, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x1F, 0x04, 0x91, 0xF8, 0x01, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF2, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x04, 0x91,
0xF0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xF2, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F,
0x0C, 0x86, 0x81, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xE3, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x04, 0x83, 0xE4, 0xF9, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xE1, 0xFF, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x82, 0xC0, 0xC9, 0xF8, 0x04, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD0, 0xFF, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0x00, 0x40, 0xE0, 0x20,
0xFA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE2, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1D, 0x20,
0x20, 0xE0, 0x70, 0xFC, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0x7B,
0xFF, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x18, 0x70, 0x14, 0xF9, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xFE, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x18, 0xB1, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xDF, 0x01, 0x04, 0x02, 0x86, 0x88,
0xFB, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0x00, 0x00,
0xC1, 0x01, 0x3A, 0x60, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0x1F, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x20, 0xA0, 0x42, 0x72, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xFE, 0xFF, 0xB7, 0x9F, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10, 0xB0, 0x61, 0xF4, 0x8E, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x30, 0x08, 0x0A, 0x05,
0x01, 0x8E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFD, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x18,
0x8C, 0x02, 0x87, 0x66, 0x1F, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0x1F, 0x00, 0x08, 0x03, 0x80, 0xAE, 0x24, 0x3E, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
0xBF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x04, 0x83, 0x80, 0x8D, 0x24, 0xBF, 0x1B,
0x00, 0xA0, 0x14, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0x03, 0x00, 0x82, 0x61, 0x70, 0xA2,
0x25, 0xFE, 0xB5, 0x00, 0x10, 0x63, 0xFF, 0x2F, 0xFE, 0x05, 0x00, 0x83,
0x10, 0x0C, 0x54, 0x51, 0xFE, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x83, 0xCF,
0x11, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0xDA, 0x0B, 0xFE, 0xB7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x7E, 0xF2, 0x3B, 0x0A, 0x81, 0x60, 0x80, 0x01, 0xD7, 0x63, 0xFE, 0x3F,
0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0xF0, 0x5E, 0x08, 0x60, 0x30, 0x40, 0x00, 0x6F,
0x07, 0xFC, 0x7F, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0xFE, 0x6F, 0x00, 0x20, 0x10,
0x60, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0x4A, 0xFC, 0x77, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x08, 0x2D, 0xFC, 0x5F,
0x80, 0x10, 0x08, 0x10, 0xE0, 0xDF, 0x01, 0xF2, 0xA4, 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00,
0x1A, 0x7E, 0x9F, 0x82, 0x18, 0x04, 0x08, 0xF8, 0x6F, 0x04, 0xD0, 0xF5,
0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0xFE, 0x3F, 0x62, 0x08, 0x06, 0x06, 0xFC, 0x9F,
0x00, 0x00, 0xE8, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xAC, 0xBF, 0x3F, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x03,
0x01, 0xFC, 0x0B, 0x11, 0x00, 0x60, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDA, 0xFF, 0xBF,
0x20, 0x04, 0x80, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x0A, 0x04, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE3, 0x00, 0x00,
0x39, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x30, 0x82, 0x50, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00,
0xD0, 0x03, 0x00, 0xDF, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x28, 0x42, 0x20, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x01,
0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA0, 0x07, 0x00, 0xDF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x30, 0x63, 0x30,
0x80, 0x1F, 0x80, 0x6E, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0xAE, 0xFB, 0xFF,
0x20, 0x23, 0x1C, 0xC0, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00,
0xBB, 0xF8, 0xFD, 0x19, 0x21, 0x0C, 0xE0, 0x07, 0x40, 0x07, 0x02, 0x00,
0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0xA7, 0xFA, 0xF9, 0x8B, 0x11, 0x0A, 0xF0, 0x03, 0xC0,
0x7F, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x19, 0xFE, 0x79, 0x0F, 0x13, 0x08,
0xE4, 0x01, 0xF8, 0xBF, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x73, 0xFE, 0x77,
0x1F, 0x01, 0x0D, 0xEE, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x7F, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x00,
0x33, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x12, 0x05, 0x6E, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x7D, 0x06, 0x00,
0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, 0xE5, 0xFF, 0xFD, 0x7C, 0x12, 0x04, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x23,
0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0xF7, 0xF3, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0x13, 0x04,
0x3C, 0x00, 0x19, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x01, 0xE7, 0xF3, 0xFF,
0xF9, 0x12, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x80, 0x38, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x01,
0x4C, 0xF3, 0xDF, 0xF7, 0x33, 0x08, 0x18, 0x80, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0x01, 0x00,
0x00, 0x7E, 0x07, 0xCE, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0x77, 0x27, 0x10, 0x14, 0x40, 0xFE,
0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x06, 0xCE, 0xE9, 0x7B, 0xEF, 0x27, 0x00,
0x18, 0x40, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x04, 0x00, 0x40, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x8C, 0xF4, 0xFF,
0xEF, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x5E, 0x10, 0x00, 0x60, 0x3F, 0x0E,
0x8C, 0xE2, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0xFF, 0xDE, 0x10, 0x00,
0x60, 0x3F, 0x1E, 0x18, 0xDB, 0xEF, 0xFF, 0x27, 0x00, 0x08, 0x30, 0x6E,
0xF6, 0x00, 0x04, 0x60, 0x7A, 0x23, 0x78, 0xCA, 0xF7, 0xEF, 0x1B, 0x00,
0x08, 0xB0, 0x3C, 0xFB, 0xA0, 0x0D, 0x60, 0x1D, 0x2F, 0xB2, 0x9F, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD0, 0x10, 0x65, 0xA0, 0x0D, 0x70, 0x1C, 0x2D,
0x44, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x52, 0x74, 0x60, 0x73,
0xD8, 0x8C, 0x6B, 0x8C, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xB4, 0x99,
0x6B, 0x80, 0x8C, 0x04, 0x82, 0x67, 0x08, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0x00,
0x00, 0xE0, 0x20, 0x6A, 0x40, 0x1A, 0x11, 0xC2, 0x69, 0x11, 0x3F, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x85, 0x50, 0x00, 0x59, 0x48, 0xE1, 0x64,
0x32, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x01, 0x20, 0x80, 0x14,
0xD6, 0xE0, 0x71, 0x62, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x15,
0x00, 0x80, 0x65, 0x10, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC5, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x00,
0x00, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0xAB, 0x70, 0x70, 0x89, 0xFD, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x80, 0xD8, 0x84, 0x58, 0x70,
0x09, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x29,
0x24, 0x0C, 0x70, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x70, 0x16, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA8, 0x0A, 0x0E, 0x78, 0x04, 0xFC, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x28, 0x0E, 0x78,
0x4D, 0xF4, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA0,
0x8A, 0x07, 0x7C, 0x4C, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x91, 0x03, 0x21, 0x90, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA0, 0x95, 0x83, 0x1A,};

The PROGMEM type modifier tells the compiler the array values should be put into flash memory - that makes the variable not only logically const, but also even physically (even if your program would allow modifying the const variable, it couldn't, because flash can't simply be written to like other memory. It would need to re-flash the device on the fly)
The short answer is: If something is declared const PROGMEM, you cannot change it.

In theory you can modify PROGMEM, but:
It must be stored in one flash memory block (it must be erased and programmed as block)
It can't be erased/programmed from regular program sections but from bootloader section (doesn't apply for most ATTinys as they don't have bootloader section). This requires your own bootloader to support it.
Or you can use EEPROM to store this array:
It is not such a big problem to change it. It just needs similar functions to read/write EEMEM variables.
But draw methods in the library are pretty much relying on PROGMEM, so you have to write your own drawXbm function (method if you extend current library).

Related

Receiving packets in Arduino

I have a sender that has a bitmap array that represents an image I've downloaded. The sender sends the pixels to the receiver, which the receiver should receive. I need to insert them into another bitmap array and display the picture.
Below is my sender sketch:
static const unsigned char PROGMEM myBitmap[] ={
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdf, 0x07, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xc7, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0xe3, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x31, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf2, 0x71, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xef, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x8f, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x0f, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x80, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x38, 0x00, 0xdf, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x01, 0xbf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x1c, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x39, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x80, 0x3f, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x70, 0x1f, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0xf8, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xe3, 0xdc, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xdc, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xcf, 0xdc, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xde, 0x0c, 0x7f, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x1e, 0x7d, 0xe3, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x1e, 0xff, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xbe, 0xff, 0xc7, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xcf, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xdf, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x9f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xef, 0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xef, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xef, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe3, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xfc, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x06, 0xfc, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x03, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x03, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x03, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0xf9, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x81, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};
void setup() {
//initialize Serial Monitor
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial);
Serial.println("LoRa Sender");
//set up LoRa transceiver module
LoRa.setPins(ss, rst, dio0);
//replace the LoRa.begin(---E-) argument with your location's frequency
//433E6 for Asia
//866E6 for Europe
//915E6 for North America
while (!LoRa.begin(915E6)) {
Serial.println(".");
delay(500);
}
// Change sync word (0xF3) to match the receiver
// The sync word assures you don't get LoRa messages from other LoRa transceivers
// ranges from 0-0xFF
LoRa.setSyncWord(0xF3);
Serial.println("LoRa Initializing OK!");
}
void loop() {
LoRa.beginPacket();
Serial.print("Sending packet");
LoRa.printf("0x%02x\n",myBitmap[i]);
i=i+1;
LoRa.endPacket();
ID=ID+1;
Below is my receiver sketch:
void setup() {
//initialize Serial Monitor
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial);
Serial.println("LoRa Receiver");
//setup LoRa transceiver module
LoRa.setPins(ss, rst, dio0);
//replace the LoRa.begin(---E-) argument with your location's frequency
//433E6 for Asia
//866E6 for Europe
//915E6 for North America
while (!LoRa.begin(915E6)) {
Serial.println(".");
delay(500);
}
// Change sync word (0xF3) to match the receiver
// The sync word insures you don't get LoRa messages from other LoRa transceivers
// ranges from 0-0xFF
LoRa.setSyncWord(0xF3);
Serial.println("LoRa Initializing OK!");
}
void loop() {
char buff[4]={0};
char c;
// try to parse packet
static unsigned char PROGMEM myBitmap [200]={};
int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket();
uint8_t ix = 0;
if (packetSize) {
char buff[4] = {0};
while (LoRa.available()) {
Serial.print("this is the data");
buff[ix]=(char)LoRa.read();
}
Serial.print("this is the string\n");
Serial.print(finall);
// print RSSI of packet
Serial.print("' with RSSI ");
Serial.println(LoRa.packetRssi());
}
}
The problem that is on the receiver, I am unable to create an array, put the pixels that are successfully sent from the sender in it.
Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

Your message-reading loop doesn't increment the index counter:
buff[ix]=(char)LoRa.read();
should be
buff[ix++]=(char)LoRa.read();
In case there may be more than 255 chars in one read, I'd declare ix at least 16-bit:
uint16_t ix = 0;
Also, you are declaring buff twice.
Also, to be safe, are you sure 4 bytes is enough?

There are two issues in your code:
In your receiver code, buff[ix]=(char)LoRa.read(); never increments ix.
You cannot send 1,024 bytes of data. The LoRa chip's buffer is 256 bytes long.
The second point means that you need to split your array in smaller pieces, and implement a transfer protocol with a few key elements:
Frame counter
Data
Checksum
When the sender is done sending a frame – say 128 bytes – the receiver decodes the frame, saves it, and sends back an ACK of some sort, eg ACK xx yy zz nn where xx is the counter, yy zz the checksum, and nn the number of bytes received. If the sender agrees with that, it moves on the next frame. If not, it either retries, or sends a FAIL signal.

If you mean you don't know how to create an array, you can first make your program send the size of the array and do dynamic memory allocation.
unsigned char *arr = malloc(size);
Then you can copy the received buffer to here

Reading raw SSL/TLS Certificate from memory using OpenSSL

I'm having trouble using OpenSSL to parse certificates from bytes acquired from a pcap file. The data is coming directly from ssl.handshake.certificate field in Wireshark (when observing the pcap).
The raw data is from a pcap file i found from Wireshark. This is just the 10th packet and is a certificate with a commonName 'Ubuntu'. I believe my problem is that i'm giving the OpenSSL function data that is incorrectly formatted but i wouldve thought that it could handle network order bytes (as i have directly from a pcap).
const unsigned int raw[] = {
0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb2, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x9a,
0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00,
0xcd, 0xdb, 0x2b, 0xb3, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0x1b, 0x88,
0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,
0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30,
0x11, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x06, 0x75, 0x62, 0x75, 0x6e,
0x74, 0x75, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x35,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x37, 0x31, 0x36, 0x35, 0x35,
0x30, 0x31, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x35, 0x30,
0x31, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x36, 0x35, 0x35, 0x30,
0x31, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x11, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x06, 0x75,
0x62, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x75, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01,
0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,
0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01,
0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf1, 0x85,
0x02, 0x0b, 0x26, 0x3d, 0x2d, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x75,
0xc2, 0x1d, 0x51, 0x19, 0x7c, 0x1d, 0xbc, 0x1e,
0x14, 0xe5, 0x71, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0x8b,
0x2f, 0x69, 0xe3, 0xe7, 0xc7, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0x79,
0xef, 0x17, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x37, 0xd8, 0x68, 0x00,
0x81, 0x6a, 0x62, 0x55, 0x79, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x73,
0x6d, 0xbb, 0x20, 0x43, 0x4e, 0x21, 0x8b, 0xe8,
0x67, 0xb6, 0x0e, 0xfd, 0xde, 0x15, 0x18, 0xff,
0x9f, 0x0d, 0x2b, 0xf6, 0x61, 0xd5, 0x51, 0x1c,
0xfe, 0x5e, 0xca, 0x7f, 0xdc, 0x16, 0xc8, 0x4f,
0x36, 0x3d, 0x17, 0x4b, 0x85, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x85,
0x04, 0x7c, 0xa3, 0x02, 0xdd, 0xf2, 0x9b, 0x86,
0xcd, 0x98, 0x64, 0xd4, 0xcd, 0x10, 0x25, 0x79,
0xd6, 0x81, 0x36, 0x40, 0x72, 0xd3, 0xfd, 0x06,
0xff, 0x55, 0x79, 0x0b, 0xc3, 0x07, 0x7a, 0x04,
0xd3, 0x9a, 0x80, 0x92, 0xd2, 0x33, 0x82, 0x63,
0x87, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x01, 0x41,
0x07, 0x42, 0x02, 0x25, 0x9d, 0x29, 0xb8, 0x67,
0xa0, 0x02, 0xf5, 0x57, 0x63, 0xd6, 0xc1, 0x41,
0x5c, 0x5d, 0x74, 0x5d, 0x75, 0x17, 0x3a, 0xce,
0xd8, 0xb2, 0x9f, 0x4a, 0x66, 0x6b, 0x4c, 0x4e,
0x28, 0xf1, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x86, 0xdf, 0xe3, 0x9a,
0x3d, 0x8e, 0xbd, 0x7e, 0x03, 0xf9, 0x8d, 0x42,
0xa1, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0x58, 0xca, 0x26, 0xdb, 0xae,
0xbb, 0x47, 0x4a, 0x81, 0x98, 0x80, 0xee, 0x54,
0x04, 0x93, 0x22, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0xb1, 0xb8, 0x13,
0x14, 0xa4, 0x90, 0x99, 0x51, 0x3d, 0x30, 0xd3,
0x9a, 0xd1, 0x46, 0xc4, 0x79, 0x74, 0xe5, 0x6d,
0x4f, 0xde, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0x90, 0xb1, 0x75, 0x67,
0x16, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x15, 0xfa, 0x9f, 0xbf,
0x65, 0x48, 0x2d, 0x27, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x86, 0x73,
0x49, 0xa5, 0xd9, 0x01, 0x56, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03,
0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x30,
0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02,
0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86,
0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05,
0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x14,
0x29, 0xa8, 0x5f, 0x81, 0x2b, 0xae, 0x61, 0x36,
0x7b, 0x44, 0xbb, 0xc1, 0xa2, 0x11, 0x23, 0x21,
0x43, 0x98, 0xee, 0x42, 0xfa, 0x90, 0x01, 0x5a,
0xde, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xa4, 0x49, 0x4b, 0xaf,
0xf8, 0x9d, 0xb8, 0xa3, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x0f, 0xdb,
0x33, 0x6d, 0xd7, 0x29, 0x6f, 0xda, 0xe3, 0x06,
0x51, 0xab, 0xbf, 0xd2, 0xb1, 0xee, 0x89, 0x24,
0x2c, 0x00, 0x5f, 0x71, 0x0a, 0xc9, 0xba, 0xde,
0x61, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x7e, 0x40, 0xb8, 0xbf, 0xd3,
0x75, 0x9a, 0xab, 0x96, 0x77, 0xb1, 0x8e, 0x1c,
0xad, 0xf7, 0x36, 0xbb, 0xfc, 0xc3, 0x30, 0x58,
0x38, 0x19, 0x19, 0x3a, 0xdd, 0xdb, 0x03, 0xed,
0x5a, 0x31, 0xb9, 0x74, 0x06, 0x63, 0x95, 0x41,
0x48, 0x66, 0x41, 0x63, 0xf5, 0x0b, 0x5d, 0x82,
0xe4, 0xaf, 0xfc, 0x47, 0x17, 0xed, 0x4e, 0xe3,
0x8d, 0x62, 0xf9, 0x6a, 0xec, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0x2c,
0xe7, 0x8c, 0x30, 0x49, 0xfa, 0x5f, 0xda, 0xdc,
0x18, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x9a, 0x7a, 0x0f, 0xbf, 0x47,
0x22, 0x46, 0x00, 0x7b, 0xf9, 0xed, 0xd8, 0x52,
0x48, 0x32, 0x84, 0x93, 0x41, 0x50, 0x2f, 0x31,
0xf6, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0x69, 0x0d, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xda,
0x44, 0x65, 0x85, 0xde, 0x0c, 0x2c, 0x92, 0x9c,
0x42, 0xd7, 0x40, 0xe2, 0xbc, 0x7d, 0xd3, 0x93,
0xad, 0x63, 0x42, 0xe3, 0x95, 0xc4, 0xaf, 0xa2,
0x3d, 0xd6, 0x02, 0x1c, 0xf9, 0x28, 0xd2, 0xe8,
0x18, 0xa0, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x42, 0x4c, 0x9a, 0x75,
0xca, 0x49, 0xb6, 0xa2, 0x66, 0x3d, 0xa2, 0x21,
0x76, 0xfa, 0xbd, 0xe6, 0x66, 0x73, 0x04, 0x35,
0xde, 0x6b, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0x3f, 0xa0, 0x06, 0xd5,
0x39, 0x0e, 0xc3, 0xfa, 0xe2, 0x6f, 0x7f, 0xb3,
0x4d, 0xee, 0x54, 0x38, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x1b, 0x2e,
0x71, 0xc2, 0xc5, 0x2d, 0xca, 0xf1
};
const unsigned char* data = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(raw);
size_t len = sizeof(raw)/sizeof(raw[0]);
X509 *cert = d2i_X509(NULL, &data, len);
This will always return cert as NULL and i'm stuck because this seemed like a simple procedure.

Your raw array is the wrong type. That is supposed to be a sequence of simple octets (unsigned char, uint8_t, pick your poison).
Changed as described above, the certificate is extracted successfully:
Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
const unsigned char raw[] = // <<======= HERE
{
0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xb2, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x9a,
0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00,
0xcd, 0xdb, 0x2b, 0xb3, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0x1b, 0x88,
0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86,
0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30,
0x11, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x06, 0x75, 0x62, 0x75, 0x6e,
0x74, 0x75, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x35,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x37, 0x31, 0x36, 0x35, 0x35,
0x30, 0x31, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x35, 0x30,
0x31, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x36, 0x35, 0x35, 0x30,
0x31, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x11, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x06, 0x75,
0x62, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x75, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01,
0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48,
0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00,
0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01,
0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf1, 0x85,
0x02, 0x0b, 0x26, 0x3d, 0x2d, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x75,
0xc2, 0x1d, 0x51, 0x19, 0x7c, 0x1d, 0xbc, 0x1e,
0x14, 0xe5, 0x71, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0x8b,
0x2f, 0x69, 0xe3, 0xe7, 0xc7, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0x79,
0xef, 0x17, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x37, 0xd8, 0x68, 0x00,
0x81, 0x6a, 0x62, 0x55, 0x79, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x73,
0x6d, 0xbb, 0x20, 0x43, 0x4e, 0x21, 0x8b, 0xe8,
0x67, 0xb6, 0x0e, 0xfd, 0xde, 0x15, 0x18, 0xff,
0x9f, 0x0d, 0x2b, 0xf6, 0x61, 0xd5, 0x51, 0x1c,
0xfe, 0x5e, 0xca, 0x7f, 0xdc, 0x16, 0xc8, 0x4f,
0x36, 0x3d, 0x17, 0x4b, 0x85, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x85,
0x04, 0x7c, 0xa3, 0x02, 0xdd, 0xf2, 0x9b, 0x86,
0xcd, 0x98, 0x64, 0xd4, 0xcd, 0x10, 0x25, 0x79,
0xd6, 0x81, 0x36, 0x40, 0x72, 0xd3, 0xfd, 0x06,
0xff, 0x55, 0x79, 0x0b, 0xc3, 0x07, 0x7a, 0x04,
0xd3, 0x9a, 0x80, 0x92, 0xd2, 0x33, 0x82, 0x63,
0x87, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x01, 0x41,
0x07, 0x42, 0x02, 0x25, 0x9d, 0x29, 0xb8, 0x67,
0xa0, 0x02, 0xf5, 0x57, 0x63, 0xd6, 0xc1, 0x41,
0x5c, 0x5d, 0x74, 0x5d, 0x75, 0x17, 0x3a, 0xce,
0xd8, 0xb2, 0x9f, 0x4a, 0x66, 0x6b, 0x4c, 0x4e,
0x28, 0xf1, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x86, 0xdf, 0xe3, 0x9a,
0x3d, 0x8e, 0xbd, 0x7e, 0x03, 0xf9, 0x8d, 0x42,
0xa1, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0x58, 0xca, 0x26, 0xdb, 0xae,
0xbb, 0x47, 0x4a, 0x81, 0x98, 0x80, 0xee, 0x54,
0x04, 0x93, 0x22, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0xb1, 0xb8, 0x13,
0x14, 0xa4, 0x90, 0x99, 0x51, 0x3d, 0x30, 0xd3,
0x9a, 0xd1, 0x46, 0xc4, 0x79, 0x74, 0xe5, 0x6d,
0x4f, 0xde, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0x90, 0xb1, 0x75, 0x67,
0x16, 0xf0, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x15, 0xfa, 0x9f, 0xbf,
0x65, 0x48, 0x2d, 0x27, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x86, 0x73,
0x49, 0xa5, 0xd9, 0x01, 0x56, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x03,
0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x30,
0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x04, 0x02,
0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86,
0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05,
0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x14,
0x29, 0xa8, 0x5f, 0x81, 0x2b, 0xae, 0x61, 0x36,
0x7b, 0x44, 0xbb, 0xc1, 0xa2, 0x11, 0x23, 0x21,
0x43, 0x98, 0xee, 0x42, 0xfa, 0x90, 0x01, 0x5a,
0xde, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xa4, 0x49, 0x4b, 0xaf,
0xf8, 0x9d, 0xb8, 0xa3, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x0f, 0xdb,
0x33, 0x6d, 0xd7, 0x29, 0x6f, 0xda, 0xe3, 0x06,
0x51, 0xab, 0xbf, 0xd2, 0xb1, 0xee, 0x89, 0x24,
0x2c, 0x00, 0x5f, 0x71, 0x0a, 0xc9, 0xba, 0xde,
0x61, 0xa0, 0x82, 0x7e, 0x40, 0xb8, 0xbf, 0xd3,
0x75, 0x9a, 0xab, 0x96, 0x77, 0xb1, 0x8e, 0x1c,
0xad, 0xf7, 0x36, 0xbb, 0xfc, 0xc3, 0x30, 0x58,
0x38, 0x19, 0x19, 0x3a, 0xdd, 0xdb, 0x03, 0xed,
0x5a, 0x31, 0xb9, 0x74, 0x06, 0x63, 0x95, 0x41,
0x48, 0x66, 0x41, 0x63, 0xf5, 0x0b, 0x5d, 0x82,
0xe4, 0xaf, 0xfc, 0x47, 0x17, 0xed, 0x4e, 0xe3,
0x8d, 0x62, 0xf9, 0x6a, 0xec, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0x2c,
0xe7, 0x8c, 0x30, 0x49, 0xfa, 0x5f, 0xda, 0xdc,
0x18, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x9a, 0x7a, 0x0f, 0xbf, 0x47,
0x22, 0x46, 0x00, 0x7b, 0xf9, 0xed, 0xd8, 0x52,
0x48, 0x32, 0x84, 0x93, 0x41, 0x50, 0x2f, 0x31,
0xf6, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0x69, 0x0d, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xda,
0x44, 0x65, 0x85, 0xde, 0x0c, 0x2c, 0x92, 0x9c,
0x42, 0xd7, 0x40, 0xe2, 0xbc, 0x7d, 0xd3, 0x93,
0xad, 0x63, 0x42, 0xe3, 0x95, 0xc4, 0xaf, 0xa2,
0x3d, 0xd6, 0x02, 0x1c, 0xf9, 0x28, 0xd2, 0xe8,
0x18, 0xa0, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x42, 0x4c, 0x9a, 0x75,
0xca, 0x49, 0xb6, 0xa2, 0x66, 0x3d, 0xa2, 0x21,
0x76, 0xfa, 0xbd, 0xe6, 0x66, 0x73, 0x04, 0x35,
0xde, 0x6b, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0x3f, 0xa0, 0x06, 0xd5,
0x39, 0x0e, 0xc3, 0xfa, 0xe2, 0x6f, 0x7f, 0xb3,
0x4d, 0xee, 0x54, 0x38, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x1b, 0x2e,
0x71, 0xc2, 0xc5, 0x2d, 0xca, 0xf1
};
int main()
{
OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers();
OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
const unsigned char *data = raw;
size_t len = sizeof(raw) / sizeof(raw[0]);
X509 *cert = d2i_X509(NULL, &data, (long)len);
printf("%p\n", cert);
if (cert)
{
X509_NAME *name = X509_get_issuer_name(cert);
if (name)
printf("Issuer: %s\n", X509_NAME_oneline(name, NULL, 0));
X509_free(cert);
}
return 0;
}
Output (pointer value varies)
0000018ACA51BEB0
Issuer: /CN=ubuntu

Loading byte array (from memory) to LibPNG c++

Instead of using 'png_init_io' I'm trying to use 'png_set_read_fn' to provide a custom function to load a byte array from memory instead of from file.
Why would this be happening.. It seems to be failing at:
if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ctx)) != 0)
{
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ctx, &info_ctx, NULL);
free(img_data); free(row_data);
return (1); /* libpng feedback (?) */
}
This is my code so far, the PNG data is at the end of the file
#ifndef __EMBEDDEDPNG_H__
#define __EMBEDDEDPNG_H__
#include <png.h>
typedef struct {
const png_byte* data;
const png_size_t size;
} DataHandle;
typedef struct {
const DataHandle data;
png_size_t offset;
} ReadDataHandle;
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <algorithm>
#define PNG_SIG_BYTES (8) /* bytes in the PNG file signature. */
using byte = unsigned char;
#define PNG_RGBA_PIXEL_LIMIT (0x1000000)
static int
png_rgba_pixel_limit(png_uint_32 w, png_uint_32 h)
{
double da;
/* assert(w != 0 && h != 0); */
if (w > PNG_RGBA_PIXEL_LIMIT || h > PNG_RGBA_PIXEL_LIMIT)
return (1); /* since both (w) and (h) are non-zero. */
/* since an IEEE-754 double has a 53 bit mantissa, it can
* represent the maximum area: (w * h == 2^48) exactly. */
da = ((double)w) * ((double)h);
if (da > ((double)PNG_RGBA_PIXEL_LIMIT))
return (1);
return (0); /* the PNG image is within the pixel limit. */
}
class EmbeddedPNG
{
public:
byte *Data;
public:
size_t Read(byte* dest, const size_t byteCount);
unsigned int Load(int &width, int &height);
};
void ReadDataFromInputStream(
png_structp png_ptr, png_byte* raw_data, png_size_t read_length) {
ReadDataHandle* handle = (ReadDataHandle*)png_get_io_ptr(png_ptr);
const png_byte* png_src = handle->data.data + handle->offset;
memcpy(raw_data, png_src, read_length);
handle->offset += read_length;
}
size_t EmbeddedPNG::Read(byte* dest, const size_t byteCount)
{
std::copy(Data + 0, Data + byteCount, dest);
return byteCount;
}
unsigned int EmbeddedPNG::Load(int &width, int &height)
{
png_byte magic[PNG_SIG_BYTES]; /* (signature byte buffer) */
png_structp png_ctx;
png_infop info_ctx;
png_uint_32 img_width, img_height, row;
png_byte img_depth, img_color_type;
/* 'volatile' qualifier forces reload in setjmp cleanup: */
png_byte *volatile img_data = NULL;
png_bytep *volatile row_data = NULL;
;//*buf = NULL;
/* it is assumed that 'longjmp' can be invoked within this
* code to efficiently unwind resources for *all* errors. */
/* PNG structures and resource unwinding: */
if ((png_ctx = png_create_read_struct(
PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
return (1); /* ENOMEM (?) */
if ((info_ctx = png_create_info_struct(png_ctx)) == NULL)
{
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ctx, NULL, NULL);
return (1); /* ENOMEM (?) */
}
if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ctx)) != 0)
{
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ctx, &info_ctx, NULL);
free(img_data); free(row_data);
return (1); /* libpng feedback (?) */
}
/* check PNG file signature: */
//if (fread(magic, (1), PNG_SIG_BYTES, fp) != PNG_SIG_BYTES)
// png_error(png_ctx, "invalid PNG file");
Read(magic, PNG_SIG_BYTES);
if (png_sig_cmp(magic, 0, PNG_SIG_BYTES))
png_error(png_ctx, "invalid PNG file");
/* set the input file stream and get the PNG image info: */
//png_init_io(png_ctx, fp);
ReadDataHandle a = ReadDataHandle{ { Data, 898 }, 0 };
png_set_read_fn(png_ctx, &a, ReadDataFromInputStream);
//png_set_read_fn(png_ptr, NULL, ReadDataFromInputStream);
png_set_sig_bytes(png_ctx, PNG_SIG_BYTES);
//////////////// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
png_read_info(png_ctx, info_ctx);
img_width = png_get_image_width(png_ctx, info_ctx);
img_height = png_get_image_height(png_ctx, info_ctx);
#if (1) /* PNG doesn't support zero area image? */
if (img_width == 0 || img_height == 0)
png_error(png_ctx, "zero area PNG image");
#endif
if (png_rgba_pixel_limit(img_width, img_height))
png_error(png_ctx, "PNG image exceeds pixel limits");
img_depth = png_get_bit_depth(png_ctx, info_ctx);
img_color_type = png_get_color_type(png_ctx, info_ctx);
/* ignored image interlacing, compression and filtering. */
/* force 8-bit color channels: */
if (img_depth == 16)
png_set_strip_16(png_ctx);
else if (img_depth < 8)
png_set_packing(png_ctx);
/* force formats to RGB: */
if (img_color_type != PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA)
png_set_expand(png_ctx);
if (img_color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE)
png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ctx);
if (img_color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ctx);
if (img_color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA)
png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ctx);
/* add full opacity alpha channel if required: */
if (img_color_type != PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA)
png_set_filler(png_ctx, 0xff, PNG_FILLER_AFTER);
/* apply the output transforms before reading image data: */
png_read_update_info(png_ctx, info_ctx);
/* allocate RGBA image data: */
img_data = (png_byte *)
malloc((size_t)(img_width * img_height * (4)));
if (img_data == NULL)
png_error(png_ctx, "error allocating image buffer");
/* allocate row pointers: */
row_data = (png_bytep *)
malloc((size_t)(img_height * sizeof(png_bytep)));
if (row_data == NULL)
png_error(png_ctx, "error allocating row pointers");
/* set the row pointers and read the RGBA image data: */
for (row = 0; row < img_height; row++)
row_data[row] = img_data +
(img_height - (row + 1)) * (img_width * (4));
png_read_image(png_ctx, row_data);
/* libpng and dynamic resource unwinding: */
png_read_end(png_ctx, NULL);
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ctx, &info_ctx, NULL);
free(row_data);
//*w = (unsigned) img_width, *h = (unsigned) img_height;
width = img_width;
height = img_height;
//*buf = img_data; /* (asserts png_byte is an unsigned char) */
//Now generate the OpenGL texture object
GLuint texture;
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1); // Important!
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0,
GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (GLvoid*)img_data);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
return texture;
}
class EmbeddedPNG_Icon_HandShake
: public EmbeddedPNG
{
public:
EmbeddedPNG_Icon_HandShake()
{
Data = new byte[898]{ 0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x08, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD9, 0x73, 0xB2, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x67, 0x41, 0x4D, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0xB1, 0x8F, 0x0B, 0xFC, 0x61, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x63, 0x48, 0x52, 0x4D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xE8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x75, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEA, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3A, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x70, 0x9C, 0xBA, 0x51, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x62, 0x4B, 0x47, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00, 0xAA, 0x8D, 0x23, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x70, 0x48, 0x59, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0xD7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0xD7, 0x01, 0x42, 0x28, 0x9B, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x74, 0x49, 0x4D, 0x45, 0x07, 0xE1, 0x05, 0x1D, 0x15, 0x3A, 0x07, 0xDA, 0x7F, 0x48, 0xF4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x50, 0x49, 0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x48, 0xC7, 0xD5, 0xD3, 0x4B, 0x68, 0x94, 0x57, 0x18, 0x06, 0xE0, 0x6F, 0x4C, 0x0C, 0x9A, 0xE2, 0x2D, 0x1A, 0xD1, 0x8A, 0x44, 0x57, 0x5A, 0xCD, 0xA2, 0xA8, 0xB1, 0x20, 0x8A, 0x97, 0x95, 0x08, 0x8A, 0x5D, 0xB4, 0x44, 0xC4, 0x8D, 0x08, 0xB6, 0x12, 0x21, 0x04, 0x84, 0xA2, 0x20, 0x48, 0xBB, 0xE8, 0xA2, 0x8B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0x6C, 0xAD, 0x45, 0xB0, 0x14, 0x06, 0xB4, 0xA8, 0x64, 0x61, 0x16, 0x82, 0x08, 0x46, 0x4A, 0xB5, 0x68, 0x5C, 0x18, 0x35, 0xE8, 0xAC, 0x92, 0x8A, 0xA0, 0x62, 0xEE, 0x66, 0xC8, 0xD3, 0x45, 0x7E, 0xC7, 0xC9, 0xDC, 0x12, 0xBA, 0x28, 0xF8, 0xAD, 0x0E, 0x67, 0xCE, 0xFB, 0xF0, 0xFE, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0x27, 0xE2, 0x3D, 0x1A, 0xCB, 0x7C, 0xE7, 0x86, 0x83, 0x52, 0x53, 0x1D, 0x4C, 0x59, 0xA5, 0xD1, 0x5A, 0xB3, 0x26, 0xED, 0xAE, 0x90, 0xF1, 0xDC, 0x15, 0xFC, 0x58, 0x81, 0x50, 0xAD, 0x4D, 0x8F, 0x89, 0xC9, 0x7A, 0x20, 0xED, 0x84, 0xDD, 0x1A, 0x7C, 0xA0, 0x47, 0x9F, 0xD5, 0x11, 0xBE, 0xAA, 0x40, 0x98, 0xE9, 0x0F, 0x59, 0x69, 0xBB, 0x6D, 0xB5, 0xCB, 0x31, 0xE7, 0xDD, 0x35, 0x0A, 0x46, 0xB1, 0x31, 0x39, 0x55, 0x9E, 0xF0, 0x83, 0x37, 0x3E, 0x2D, 0xEA, 0xB4, 0x56, 0xB3, 0x8B, 0x68, 0xCD, 0xED, 0x95, 0x26, 0x2C, 0x34, 0xE4, 0x54, 0x99, 0x47, 0x9B, 0xE1, 0x37, 0xE3, 0xBE, 0xAC, 0x48, 0x68, 0x95, 0xF5, 0x61, 0xB2, 0xAE, 0x29, 0x22, 0xAA, 0xA6, 0x24, 0xA4, 0xDD, 0x4B, 0x56, 0x4D, 0x06, 0x0C, 0xCB, 0xF8, 0x53, 0x5A, 0x43, 0x45, 0xA2, 0x35, 0x1F, 0xB8, 0xE5, 0x62, 0xB2, 0xFA, 0xC6, 0x80, 0xAF, 0xFD, 0xEC, 0x92, 0xE7, 0x9E, 0x96, 0x26, 0x1C, 0x50, 0xED, 0xAC, 0xC7, 0x61, 0xA9, 0xDA, 0xE4, 0xE7, 0xAB, 0x1E, 0x4A, 0x45, 0x98, 0xED, 0x91, 0x6B, 0xC9, 0xDE, 0x6A, 0x7D, 0x32, 0x56, 0x14, 0x12, 0x6A, 0x9C, 0xD6, 0xE0, 0xB6, 0x8E, 0xD0, 0xE9, 0x6F, 0x75, 0x11, 0x11, 0xF6, 0xE2, 0xBA, 0x16, 0x1D, 0xD8, 0x93, 0x8B, 0x94, 0x23, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0x34, 0x62, 0x4B, 0xD8, 0xAC, 0x3F, 0x47, 0x1C, 0xD1, 0x87, 0x7F, 0x1C, 0x9E, 0x74, 0x7D, 0xA5, 0x89, 0x1E, 0x23, 0x76, 0x4E, 0x6C, 0xE4, 0x13, 0x55, 0xE6, 0xAB, 0x2A, 0x7A, 0x03, 0x85, 0xC4, 0x02, 0x2F, 0x73, 0xF1, 0x42, 0xA2, 0xCC, 0x77, 0x90, 0x47, 0x98, 0xE3, 0xD6, 0xA4, 0x78, 0x42, 0x0C, 0x4F, 0x8F, 0x30, 0xC7, 0xCD, 0xA2, 0x78, 0x84, 0x56, 0x28, 0x47, 0xA8, 0xB5, 0x47, 0x4D, 0x42, 0x74, 0x96, 0x8A, 0x7F, 0x84, 0x5F, 0xED, 0x93, 0x2D, 0x4D, 0x58, 0x22, 0xEB, 0x72, 0x42, 0x70, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0xC0, 0x51, 0x2C, 0xF6, 0x89, 0xFE, 0xE2, 0x16, 0x6A, 0xAD, 0x8C, 0xB0, 0x2F, 0x8F, 0xC8, 0xA8, 0x2F, 0x04, 0x96, 0x19, 0xD5, 0x6B, 0x50, 0x97, 0x96, 0xC2, 0x16, 0x36, 0x1B, 0x77, 0x24, 0x42, 0x73, 0x8E, 0x18, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB8, 0x43, 0x93, 0x6B, 0xD8, 0x62, 0x9E, 0xEE, 0x77, 0x2D, 0x54, 0x99, 0x29, 0xE5, 0x34, 0x5A, 0x22, 0x7C, 0x6E, 0xCC, 0x15, 0xDB, 0xBC, 0x70, 0xBE, 0xD4, 0x45, 0xD5, 0x19, 0x70, 0x5F, 0xB7, 0x01, 0xDF, 0xBE, 0x6D, 0xE1, 0x0B, 0xAF, 0x6C, 0x94, 0xF2, 0x13, 0x8E, 0x46, 0xF8, 0x0C, 0x8C, 0xD8, 0x54, 0xFA, 0x45, 0x6D, 0xF7, 0x17, 0xF6, 0x47, 0xE8, 0x98, 0x68, 0xA1, 0x5E, 0x97, 0x57, 0x36, 0x48, 0x39, 0x83, 0x36, 0x4B, 0x3C, 0x73, 0xA9, 0xE8, 0x06, 0x26, 0x5D, 0xD8, 0x33, 0x37, 0x5C, 0x40, 0x7A, 0xA2, 0x85, 0x7A, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x2F, 0xE5, 0x2C, 0x18, 0xB7, 0x26, 0x2A, 0x8D, 0x1D, 0xBA, 0xF1, 0x4B, 0x84, 0xEF, 0xF3, 0x5A, 0xBC, 0xB0, 0xCE, 0xC7, 0x68, 0xB7, 0x2A, 0xA6, 0x1A, 0xD5, 0x9E, 0xE8, 0x74, 0xDC, 0xA8, 0x9B, 0xFA, 0xDD, 0xB1, 0x40, 0xBD, 0x2E, 0x83, 0xBA, 0x8D, 0x59, 0x3E, 0x65, 0x3C, 0x22, 0xC2, 0x4E, 0x19, 0x63, 0x7E, 0x37, 0xFB, 0xED, 0x7F, 0x44, 0x33, 0xDA, 0x35, 0x4D, 0x2B, 0x1E, 0x11, 0x61, 0x86, 0x45, 0xB9, 0xAF, 0xA0, 0x5F, 0xAF, 0x8C, 0xD7, 0xE6, 0x4E, 0x3B, 0x5E, 0x80, 0x35, 0x3A, 0xA7, 0xDD, 0x8E, 0xFF, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0xE6, 0x5F, 0x1F, 0xA9, 0x98, 0xCC, 0x0D, 0x77, 0xF1, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x25, 0x74, 0x45, 0x58, 0x74, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x3A, 0x63, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x00, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x37, 0x2D, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2D, 0x32, 0x39, 0x54, 0x32, 0x31, 0x3A, 0x35, 0x38, 0x3A, 0x30, 0x37, 0x2B, 0x30, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x30, 0x30, 0x19, 0xBB, 0x75, 0xB7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x25, 0x74, 0x45, 0x58, 0x74, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x3A, 0x6D, 0x6F, 0x64, 0x69, 0x66, 0x79, 0x00, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x37, 0x2D, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2D, 0x32, 0x39, 0x54, 0x32, 0x31, 0x3A, 0x35, 0x38, 0x3A, 0x30, 0x37, 0x2B, 0x30, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x30, 0x30, 0x68, 0xE6, 0xCD, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x74, 0x45, 0x58, 0x74, 0x53, 0x6F, 0x66, 0x74, 0x77, 0x61, 0x72, 0x65, 0x00, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x2E, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x6B, 0x73, 0x63, 0x61, 0x70, 0x65, 0x2E, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x67, 0x9B, 0xEE, 0x3C, 0x1A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4E, 0x44, 0xAE, 0x42, 0x60, 0x82 };
}
};
#endif

Don't call
png_set_sig_bytes(png_ctx, PNG_SIG_BYTES);
This signals libpng to skip reading the signature bytes causing your offset to be wrong when you start reading the png data. Offset points to zero and libpng assumes that it's already 8 (or more accurately that there is no signature in the stream).
Source: I ran this through a debugger.

Getting wxImage in a panel

I've a problem to get a wxImage into a wxPanel.
I want to create a .exe with some pics in the exe, but I want to avoid to give the PNG-Pics with the exe.
So far, I get the PNGs into the exe with this:
wxStaticBitmap *image = new wxStaticBitmap(p_img, wxID_ANY,
wxBitmap("Bild.png", wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG),
wxPoint(0,0),
wxSize(width, height);
where p_img ist the panel and Bild.png the picture.
Now, I have followed http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/WxImage And have now a wxImage... But I don't know how I can get the wxImage in the panel.
wxMemoryInputStream istream1(Bild_png, sizeof Bild_png);
wxImage Bild_png(istream1, wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG);
I hope somebody has a idea.
-Casisto
My System:
OS: Win 8.1; wxW 2.9.4; IDE: CodeLite5.1

You can pass wxImage into wxBitmap constructor (wxBitmap Class Reference):
wxBitmap(const wxImage &img, int depth=wxBITMAP_SCREEN_DEPTH)
And then you can create wxStaticBitmap. So the code would be something like that:
wxImage Bild_png(istream1, wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG);
wxStaticBitmap *staticBitmap = new wxStaticBitmap(p_img, wxID_ANY, wxBitmap(Bild_png));

As I understand you want to use the images and do not want to ship with exe as a physical files on the file system.
For Windows platform resource only Dll can be used. If you want cross platform you can use following technique:
Convert your PNG file to C++ style array.
And use this C++ array to create wxImage object.
You can download the application to get C++ array from:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/png2cscc/
you will get C++ array like below and put this array in some source file of your project.
static const unsigned int the_sizeof_swdXW_bytes = 2304 ;
static const unsigned char the_swdXW_bytes[ the_sizeof_swdXW_bytes ] =
{
0xED, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xF4, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xEF, 0xF3, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xF4, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xF7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xF1, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xF0, 0xF6, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0xF9, 0xFC, 0xFF,
0xEE, 0xF8, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0xED, 0xF6, 0xF5, 0xFF, 0xEC, 0xF2, 0xF2, 0xFF, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0xE9, 0xFF,
0xE1, 0xE3, 0xE2, 0xFF, 0xDC, 0xE0, 0xDF, 0xFF, 0xDC, 0xE0, 0xE1, 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xDD, 0xD9, 0xFF,
0xD0, 0xD1, 0xC9, 0xFF, 0xE2, 0xE2, 0xD6, 0xFF, 0xB4, 0xB1, 0xA8, 0xFF, 0x81, 0x7E, 0x75, 0xFF,
0xBA, 0xB5, 0xAF, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xBD, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xD0, 0xC9, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xC6, 0xBF, 0xB9, 0xFF,
0xEA, 0xF3, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xF4, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xF6, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xF4, 0xF4, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xEC, 0xEF, 0xF6, 0xFF, 0xE9, 0xEE, 0xF4, 0xFF, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFB, 0xFF,
0xEE, 0xF6, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xEC, 0xF2, 0xF2, 0xFF, 0xF7, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFB, 0xFB, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0xF5, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xFF, 0xD9, 0xDD, 0xDE, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xD7, 0xD3, 0xFF,
0xD2, 0xD3, 0xCB, 0xFF, 0xDD, 0xDD, 0xD3, 0xFF, 0xB5, 0xB2, 0xA9, 0xFF, 0x83, 0x80, 0x79, 0xFF,
0xBD, 0xB8, 0xB2, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xBE, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xCB, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xBE, 0xB8, 0xFF,
0xE6, 0xEE, 0xF1, 0xFF, 0xE9, 0xF1, 0xF4, 0xFF, 0xEF, 0xF2, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0xF1, 0xF9, 0xFF,
0xEF, 0xF2, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xE9, 0xEC, 0xF3, 0xFF, 0xE2, 0xE7, 0xEB, 0xFF, 0xE9, 0xF1, 0xF3, 0xFF,
0xE9, 0xEF, 0xEF, 0xFF, 0xF6, 0xFA, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xE1, 0xE1, 0xE1, 0xFF, 0xA4, 0xA3, 0xA1, 0xFF,
0xB5, 0xB3, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xAC, 0xAA, 0xAB, 0xFF, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xEC, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xDD, 0xDC, 0xFF,
0xD2, 0xD1, 0xCC, 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xD5, 0xCE, 0xFF, 0xBB, 0xB6, 0xB0, 0xFF, 0x85, 0x80, 0x7C, 0xFF,
0xBE, 0xB6, 0xB3, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xBD, 0xBA, 0xFF, 0xD7, 0xCF, 0xCC, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xBC, 0xB9, 0xFF,
0xE3, 0xE8, 0xEB, 0xFF, 0xE5, 0xEA, 0xED, 0xFF, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0xED, 0xFF, 0xEA, 0xEB, 0xF0, 0xFF,
0xEB, 0xEE, 0xF3, 0xFF, 0xE5, 0xE8, 0xED, 0xFF, 0xD9, 0xDE, 0xE1, 0xFF, 0xE6, 0xEC, 0xEC, 0xFF,
0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC7, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF,
0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x58, 0x56, 0x57, 0xFF, 0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF3, 0xFF,
0xD5, 0xD1, 0xCE, 0xFF, 0xD4, 0xD1, 0xCC, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xBD, 0xB9, 0xFF, 0x82, 0x7D, 0x79, 0xFF,
0xB8, 0xB0, 0xAD, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xBB, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xDC, 0xD4, 0xD1, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xBC, 0xB9, 0xFF,
0xE0, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xFF, 0xE0, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xFF, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xFF, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0xFF,
0xE5, 0xE9, 0xEC, 0xFF, 0xDF, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xFF, 0xD5, 0xD9, 0xDA, 0xFF, 0xEF, 0xF1, 0xF0, 0xFF,
0xE2, 0xE1, 0xDF, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x22, 0x12, 0x13, 0xFF,
0x23, 0x15, 0x15, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x09, 0x09, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xBD, 0xB9, 0xB6, 0xFF,
0xE3, 0xDF, 0xDC, 0xFF, 0xD3, 0xCF, 0xCC, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xBF, 0xBC, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x7B, 0x78, 0xFF,
0xB4, 0xAC, 0xA9, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xBA, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xDF, 0xD7, 0xD4, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC0, 0xBD, 0xFF,
0xDD, 0xDF, 0xDE, 0xFF, 0xDF, 0xE1, 0xE0, 0xFF, 0xDE, 0xE0, 0xDF, 0xFF, 0xE0, 0xE2, 0xE1, 0xFF,
0xDE, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xDC, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xD3, 0xD7, 0xD6, 0xFF, 0xFA, 0xFA, 0xF8, 0xFF,
0x6C, 0x64, 0x62, 0xFF, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x67, 0x53, 0x52, 0xFF, 0x8A, 0x72, 0x72, 0xFF,
0x87, 0x72, 0x71, 0xFF, 0x75, 0x63, 0x61, 0xFF, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x5F, 0x57, 0x54, 0xFF,
0xF3, 0xEE, 0xEA, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xCF, 0xCA, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xBE, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x7A, 0x76, 0xFF,
0xB4, 0xAC, 0xA9, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xB9, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xDE, 0xD6, 0xD3, 0xFF, 0xCC, 0xC4, 0xC1, 0xFF,
0xD7, 0xD7, 0xD5, 0xFF, 0xDC, 0xDC, 0xDA, 0xFF, 0xD9, 0xDB, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9, 0xDB, 0xD8, 0xFF,
0xD7, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0xFF, 0xD3, 0xD8, 0xD4, 0xFF, 0xCE, 0xD0, 0xCB, 0xFF, 0xFA, 0xF7, 0xF2, 0xFF,
0x46, 0x3B, 0x37, 0xFF, 0x62, 0x4F, 0x4B, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0x9D, 0x9A, 0xFF, 0xCC, 0xAD, 0xAA, 0xFF,
0x92, 0x75, 0x71, 0xFF, 0x94, 0x7B, 0x76, 0xFF, 0x3B, 0x28, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x48, 0x3B, 0x33, 0xFF,
0xF0, 0xE9, 0xE3, 0xFF, 0xCF, 0xCC, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x7B, 0x75, 0xFF,
0xB1, 0xAA, 0xA4, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xBA, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xD4, 0xCE, 0xFF, 0xC9, 0xC2, 0xBC, 0xFF,
0xD3, 0xD4, 0xCF, 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xD9, 0xD4, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD1, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD1, 0xFF,
0xD3, 0xD8, 0xD4, 0xFF, 0xD3, 0xD5, 0xD0, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xF0, 0xEB, 0xE5, 0xFF,
0x8D, 0x80, 0x78, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x28, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x4C, 0x2B, 0x26, 0xFF, 0x95, 0x70, 0x6A, 0xFF,
0x58, 0x35, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x69, 0x4B, 0x43, 0xFF, 0x75, 0x5D, 0x53, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x6F, 0x65, 0xFF,
0xDF, 0xD8, 0xCE, 0xFF, 0xCC, 0xC9, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0xCB, 0xC6, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x7C, 0x73, 0xFF,
0xAC, 0xA5, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xB9, 0xB1, 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xD1, 0xCB, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xBD, 0xB5, 0xFF,
0xD0, 0xD2, 0xCD, 0xFF, 0xD5, 0xD7, 0xD2, 0xFF, 0xCA, 0xCC, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xCF, 0xFF,
0xCD, 0xD2, 0xCC, 0xFF, 0xCB, 0xCE, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0xCB, 0xCB, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xD9, 0xD2, 0xCA, 0xFF,
0xA9, 0x98, 0x90, 0xFF, 0x63, 0x48, 0x41, 0xFF, 0x8D, 0x68, 0x60, 0xFF, 0x92, 0x69, 0x63, 0xFF,
0xA5, 0x7F, 0x76, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0x9C, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x82, 0x66, 0x5B, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x6A, 0x5F, 0xFF,
0xE2, 0xDC, 0xD0, 0xFF, 0xC6, 0xC4, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xCF, 0xCB, 0xC2, 0xFF, 0x83, 0x7F, 0x74, 0xFF,
0xA8, 0xA1, 0x99, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xB9, 0xAF, 0xFF, 0xD2, 0xCB, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xB7, 0xAD, 0xFF,
0xCD, 0xCF, 0xCA, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xCA, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0xD0, 0xD2, 0xCD, 0xFF, 0xCC, 0xCE, 0xC9, 0xFF,
0xC9, 0xCC, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC7, 0xBE, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xC2, 0xBA, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xBA, 0xB0, 0xFF,
0xAE, 0x9D, 0x95, 0xFF, 0x74, 0x59, 0x50, 0xFF, 0xA1, 0x7F, 0x76, 0xFF, 0x7C, 0x54, 0x4C, 0xFF,
0x7F, 0x59, 0x50, 0xFF, 0x85, 0x60, 0x57, 0xFF, 0x6A, 0x4C, 0x41, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xAD, 0xA2, 0xFF,
0xD5, 0xCF, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xC5, 0xB9, 0xFF, 0xD1, 0xCF, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0x83, 0x7F, 0x74, 0xFF,
0xA5, 0xA1, 0x96, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xB9, 0xAF, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC0, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0xB8, 0xAE, 0xFF,
0xC8, 0xCB, 0xC4, 0xFF, 0xCE, 0xD1, 0xCA, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xC5, 0xFF,
0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xBD, 0xBE, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xB6, 0xB6, 0xAE, 0xFF, 0xB8, 0xB1, 0xA7, 0xFF,
0xC9, 0xBB, 0xB2, 0xFF, 0x79, 0x63, 0x58, 0xFF, 0x4D, 0x2F, 0x25, 0xFF, 0x6E, 0x4C, 0x43, 0xFF,
0x7B, 0x56, 0x4E, 0xFF, 0x73, 0x52, 0x49, 0xFF, 0x47, 0x2B, 0x20, 0xFF, 0xDE, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xFF,
0xF4, 0xED, 0xE3, 0xFF, 0xCB, 0xCB, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xCF, 0xCF, 0xC5, 0xFF, 0x84, 0x81, 0x78, 0xFF,
0x9F, 0x9B, 0x90, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xBA, 0xAF, 0xFF, 0xC9, 0xC2, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xB8, 0xB1, 0xA7, 0xFF,
0xC8, 0xCB, 0xC4, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xCA, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xC4, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC3, 0xFF,
0xC4, 0xC5, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xB7, 0xB7, 0xAF, 0xFF, 0xB1, 0xAD, 0xA4, 0xFF,
0xB4, 0xA7, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xAD, 0xA6, 0xFF, 0x5D, 0x44, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x6A, 0x4D, 0x47, 0xFF,
0x81, 0x64, 0x5E, 0xFF, 0x45, 0x2A, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x62, 0x4B, 0x43, 0xFF, 0x4C, 0x3E, 0x35, 0xFF,
0x6C, 0x69, 0x62, 0xFF, 0xB0, 0xB1, 0xAB, 0xFF, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0xE3, 0xFF, 0x9B, 0x9B, 0x93, 0xFF,
0xA1, 0x9E, 0x95, 0xFF, 0xBA, 0xB6, 0xAD, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC0, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xB7, 0xAD, 0xFF,
0xC8, 0xCB, 0xC2, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xC8, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xFF,
0xBD, 0xBC, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xBB, 0xBA, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xB3, 0xB2, 0xAD, 0xFF, 0xAF, 0xAC, 0xA7, 0xFF,
0xC9, 0xC2, 0xBC, 0xFF, 0x8D, 0x82, 0x7C, 0xFF, 0x51, 0x3F, 0x3B, 0xFF, 0x34, 0x21, 0x1D, 0xFF,
0x27, 0x14, 0x10, 0xFF, 0x72, 0x5F, 0x5B, 0xFF, 0x90, 0x81, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x06, 0x04, 0xFF,
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x28, 0x28, 0x26, 0xFF, 0x57, 0x56, 0x52, 0xFF,
0x9B, 0x98, 0x93, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC4, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0xB5, 0xAC, 0xFF,
0xCA, 0xCD, 0xC4, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC7, 0xC2, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xBF, 0xBA, 0xFF,
0xC4, 0xC0, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xBA, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xBF, 0xFF,
0x5C, 0x5B, 0x56, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x39, 0x2F, 0x2D, 0xFF, 0x86, 0x7A, 0x7A, 0xFF,
0x88, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0xFF, 0x77, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0xFF, 0x1D, 0x14, 0x15, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x0F, 0x10, 0xFF,
0x1B, 0x1C, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x15, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0xFF,
0x0A, 0x09, 0x07, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC0, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0xBD, 0xB8, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xB3, 0xAE, 0xA8, 0xFF,
0xC6, 0xC9, 0xBE, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xC2, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC2, 0xBE, 0xFF,
0xC6, 0xC1, 0xBE, 0xFF, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xB4, 0xB4, 0xB2, 0xFF, 0x24, 0x26, 0x23, 0xFF,
0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x19, 0x19, 0x17, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x13, 0x14, 0xFF, 0x2E, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0xFF,
0x2F, 0x29, 0x2D, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x10, 0x15, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x17, 0x1C, 0xFF,
0x11, 0x14, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x15, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x15, 0x1A, 0xFF,
0x07, 0x05, 0x08, 0xFF, 0x64, 0x60, 0x61, 0xFF, 0xD7, 0xD2, 0xCF, 0xFF, 0xAC, 0xA7, 0xA3, 0xFF,
0xC3, 0xC6, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC4, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xBB, 0xFF,
0xC8, 0xC2, 0xC2, 0xFF, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0xFF,
0x16, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x18, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x15, 0x19, 0xFF, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x14, 0xFF,
0x0C, 0x0B, 0x11, 0xFF, 0x19, 0x18, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x17, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x13, 0x16, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x17, 0x14, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x05, 0x08, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xAF, 0xAB, 0xAA, 0xFF,
0xBF, 0xC0, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xC4, 0xBC, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xBE, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xBF, 0xBA, 0xFF,
0xDA, 0xD6, 0xD5, 0xFF, 0x84, 0x82, 0x83, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1F, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x17, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x1A, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x15, 0x1E, 0xFF,
0x17, 0x17, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x14, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x17, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x15, 0x18, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x12, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x17, 0x23, 0xFF,
0x19, 0x19, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0xFF, 0x73, 0x72, 0x77, 0xFF, 0xBA, 0xBA, 0xBC, 0xFF,
0xC1, 0xC2, 0xBA, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xBF, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xBD, 0xB8, 0xFF,
0xD9, 0xD8, 0xD6, 0xFF, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x03, 0x05, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x16, 0x1B, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x14, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x13, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x17, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x19, 0x25, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x16, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x14, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x15, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x18, 0x21, 0xFF,
0x13, 0x16, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x19, 0x1C, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x1A, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x13, 0x1F, 0xFF,
0x1A, 0x1A, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x06, 0x0E, 0xFF, 0x31, 0x32, 0x37, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC9, 0xFF,
0xC1, 0xC2, 0xBA, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xB2, 0xFF, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xBB, 0xBA, 0xB5, 0xFF,
0xCD, 0xCC, 0xCA, 0xFF, 0x63, 0x61, 0x62, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x18, 0x1D, 0xFF,
0x1A, 0x1A, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x17, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x19, 0x25, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x16, 0x22, 0xFF,
0x11, 0x13, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x1A, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x15, 0x1E, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x17, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x18, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x12, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x17, 0xFF,
0x16, 0x15, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x14, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x0A, 0x09, 0x0E, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0xFF,
0xBD, 0xBE, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xBE, 0xBF, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xC1, 0xC0, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0xB8, 0xB7, 0xB2, 0xFF,
0xCC, 0xCB, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0x54, 0x52, 0x53, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x04, 0x06, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x11, 0x16, 0xFF,
0x10, 0x10, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x1A, 0x25, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF,
0x12, 0x14, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x14, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x18, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x16, 0x1D, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x19, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x17, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x16, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x14, 0x19, 0xFF,
0x1E, 0x19, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xFF, 0x71, 0x72, 0x76, 0xFF,
0xC0, 0xC1, 0xB9, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0xC0, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0xB7, 0xFF, 0xB5, 0xB4, 0xAF, 0xFF,
0xC7, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xFF, 0x56, 0x55, 0x53, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x16, 0x1B, 0xFF,
0x14, 0x14, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x1B, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x14, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x18, 0x23, 0xFF,
0x17, 0x19, 0x25, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x12, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x1E, 0xFF,
0x10, 0x15, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x15, 0x19, 0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x14, 0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0xFF,
0x0C, 0x03, 0x04, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0A, 0x0D, 0xFF, 0x79, 0x78, 0x7D, 0xFF,
0xBB, 0xBC, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xBC, 0xBD, 0xB5, 0xFF, 0xBC, 0xBB, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xB6, 0xB5, 0xB0, 0xFF,
0xCC, 0xCB, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0x52, 0x51, 0x4F, 0xFF, 0x04, 0x02, 0x05, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x15, 0x1A, 0xFF,
0x11, 0x11, 0x19, 0xFF, 0x17, 0x1A, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x14, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x15, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x15, 0x17, 0x23, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x16, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x19, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x12, 0x15, 0x1E, 0xFF,
0x10, 0x15, 0x1B, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x18, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x28, 0x24, 0x25, 0xFF,
0x73, 0x65, 0x62, 0xFF, 0x8A, 0x7C, 0x79, 0xFF, 0x55, 0x4F, 0x51, 0xFF, 0x4E, 0x4C, 0x51, 0xFF,
0xB9, 0xBA, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xBD, 0xFF, 0xBC, 0xBB, 0xB6, 0xFF, 0xAE, 0xAD, 0xA8, 0xFF,
0xC2, 0xBE, 0xBB, 0xFF, 0x3E, 0x3D, 0x3B, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x05, 0x06, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x06, 0x0B, 0xFF,
0x0D, 0x0D, 0x15, 0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x1A, 0x26, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF,
0x10, 0x12, 0x1E, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x16, 0x22, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x18, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x17, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x11, 0x16, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x19, 0xFF, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x37, 0x35, 0xFF,
0xA4, 0x91, 0x8B, 0xFF, 0x91, 0x7E, 0x78, 0xFF, 0x69, 0x5F, 0x60, 0xFF, 0x5E, 0x59, 0x5D, 0xFF,
0xBA, 0xBB, 0xB5, 0xFF, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xBA, 0xB9, 0xB4, 0xFF, 0xB2, 0xB1, 0xAC, 0xFF,
0xAB, 0xA7, 0xA4, 0xFF, 0x8D, 0x89, 0x88, 0xFF, 0x3E, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x6E, 0x6D, 0x72, 0xFF,
0x41, 0x40, 0x46, 0xFF, 0x14, 0x14, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x15, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF,
0x11, 0x13, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x18, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x1D, 0xFF, 0x16, 0x19, 0x22, 0xFF,
0x15, 0x1A, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x11, 0x14, 0x19, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x10, 0x12, 0xFF, 0x2B, 0x23, 0x20, 0xFF,
0x7E, 0x67, 0x61, 0xFF, 0x85, 0x6E, 0x68, 0xFF, 0x6B, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0xFF, 0xCB, 0xC5, 0xC9, 0xFF
};

trouble reading structure from stream, or bytes rather

I'm trying to read a LAS File 1.3 Header from a file.
In every single header that I've seen, The first thing i expect to read is the Format Signature which is always "LASF".
When i try and read the file, All I'm seeing is 'ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ'
I know the header size is 227, I tried to even just read a length of 227 straight from the file but i still don't read what I'm supposed to. I hope this makes sense.
this is what i've tried:
typedef struct Header
{
char File_Signature[4];
USHORT SourceID;
USHORT Reserved1;
UINT GUID1;
USHORT GUID2;
USHORT GUID3;
char GUID4[8];
BYTE VersionMajor;
BYTE VersionMinor;
char SystemID[32];
char GeneratingSoftware[32];
USHORT DOY;
USHORT YEAR;
USHORT HeaderSize;
UINT PointOffset;
INT NumberOfVariableLengthRecords;
BYTE PointDataFormatID;
USHORT PointDataRecordLength;
INT NumberOfPointRecords;
UINT NumberofPointsByReturn1;
UINT NumberofPointsByReturn2;
UINT NumberofPointsByReturn3;
UINT NumberofPointsByReturn4;
UINT NumberofPointsByReturn5;
double XScaleFactor;
double YScaleFactor;
double ZScaleFactor;
double Xoffset;
double Yoffset;
double Zoffset;
double MaxX;
double MinX;
double MaxY;
double MinY;
double MaxZ;
double MinZ;
} LasHeader;
void OpenLasFile()
{
//THIS DOES NOT WORK
char buffer[227];
ifstream myFile ("C:\atlass\area_cov.las");
myFile.read (buffer, 227);
//NOT WORK, TRIED THIS TOO
ifstream input_file("C:\atlass\area_cov.las", ios::binary);
LasHeader header;
input_file.read((char*)&header, sizeof(header));
input_file.close();
//ALL DATA OUTPUT'ed ARE 'ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ'
}
This is a block of binary from the file I'm trying to read.
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
My question is: Why am i Reading garbage values, what have i done wrong?
-------------------- UPDATE --------------------------
I tested this and it worked, So it must be a problem reading the file, can anyone help?
what worked was:
unsigned char rawData[552] =
{
0x4C, 0x41, 0x53, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x01, 0x02, 0x41, 0x74, 0x6C, 0x61, 0x73, 0x73,
0x20, 0x41, 0x74, 0x6C, 0x61, 0x73, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x41, 0x74, 0x6C, 0x61, 0x73, 0x43,
0x6F, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x1E, 0x01, 0xDC, 0x07, 0xE3, 0x00,
0xE3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x14, 0x01, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x14,
0x01, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0xA9, 0xF1, 0xD2, 0x4D, 0x62, 0x50, 0x3F, 0xFC, 0xA9, 0xF1, 0xD2, 0x4D,
0x62, 0x50, 0x3F, 0xFC, 0xA9, 0xF1, 0xD2, 0x4D, 0x62, 0x50, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xB0,
0x53, 0x20, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0xFF, 0x53, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0xB3, 0xFA, 0x83, 0x88, 0xA9, 0x20, 0x41, 0x1B, 0x56, 0x11, 0xE9, 0xBC,
0x1B, 0x20, 0x41, 0x77, 0x10, 0xD2, 0x7C, 0x27, 0x11, 0x54, 0x41, 0x14, 0xA5, 0xEC, 0x80, 0x7E,
0xF4, 0x53, 0x41, 0xC5, 0x20, 0xB0, 0x72, 0x68, 0x5D, 0x68, 0x40, 0x37, 0x89, 0x41, 0x60, 0xE5,
0xD0, 0x12, 0xC0, 0x21, 0xBE, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x06, 0x66, 0x17, 0x01, 0xA9, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD8,
0x03, 0xC9, 0x02, 0xE2, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xAC, 0x71, 0x36, 0xBD, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x37,
0xB9, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x77, 0x58, 0x17, 0x01, 0xD7, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE2, 0x0A, 0xC9, 0x02, 0xE2,
0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x4B, 0x90, 0x11, 0x90, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x98,
0x3A, 0x17, 0x01, 0x2B, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x23, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE4, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xBF,
0xF5, 0x61, 0xBD, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x1A, 0xBD, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x30, 0x11, 0x17, 0x01, 0xE4,
0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDF, 0x08, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE4, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6E, 0xF3, 0xA6, 0xE3,
0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x01, 0xBE, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x67, 0xE7, 0x16, 0x01, 0x83, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0xCB,
0x06, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0B, 0xF3, 0x1E, 0xA7, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0xF2,
0xBB, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x99, 0xD9, 0x16, 0x01, 0x6D, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x09, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE5,
0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x82, 0x1C, 0x94, 0x90, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0xFA, 0xBE, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x98,
0xBE, 0x16, 0x01, 0x13, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xE5,
0xF0, 0x49, 0xA7, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0xEE, 0xBC, 0x92, 0xFF, 0xDE, 0xB0, 0x16, 0x01, 0x04,
0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8E, 0x0B, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x95, 0xA0, 0xBF, 0x90, 0xE3,
0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0xD2, 0xBD, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x19, 0x88, 0x16, 0x01, 0xA9, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD1,
0x08, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE7, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xA7, 0x24, 0xEB, 0x90, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0xA8,
0xBE, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x29, 0x64, 0x16, 0x01, 0x97, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x04, 0x49, 0x02, 0xE7,
0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xC4, 0xF0, 0x11, 0x91, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x79, 0xD0, 0x92, 0xFF, 0xD0,
0x70, 0x17, 0x01, 0x30, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x02, 0xC9, 0x02, 0xE2, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x91,
0x65, 0xC1, 0x44, 0xE4, 0x25, 0x04, 0x41, 0x12, 0xC7, 0x92, 0xFF, 0x02, 0x5E, 0x17, 0x01, 0x79,
0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x79, 0x05, 0xC9, 0x02, 0xE2,
} ;
LasHeader test;
memcpy(&test, rawData, sizeof(test));

The issue is here:
ifstream myFile ("C:\atlass\area_cov.las");
Backslash is a special character in C strings that forms escape sequences. In this particular case, \a is replaced by a bell character (0x0B), so it is trying to open the wrong path and failing.
Instead, you need to escape all the backslashes that occur in the path by doubling them:
ifstream myFile ("C:\\atlass\\area_cov.las");

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