Related
What I'm trying to do is find a clean way to implement a concept for a callable object that takes in a single parameter of type either int or long.
My first attempt was to create a single concept with a secondary template parameter to ensure the parameter type is either int or long. The problem with this approach, as seen in the example below, is that applications of this concept can't infer template parameters. For example, the usages of call() below require that template parameters be explicitly listed out.
// https://godbolt.org/z/E519s8Pso
//
#include <concepts>
#include <iostream>
// Concept for a callable that can take a single parameter or either int or long.
template<typename T, typename P>
concept MySpecialFunction =
(std::same_as<P, int> || std::same_as<P, long>)
&& requires(T t, P l) {
{ t(l) } -> std::same_as<decltype(l)>;
};
// T must be callable with 1 parameter that is either int or long!
template<typename T, typename P>
requires MySpecialFunction<T, P>
decltype(auto) call(T t) {
return t(2);
}
// Test
int square_int(int num) {
return num * num;
}
long square_long(long num) {
return num * num;
}
int main() {
std::cout << call<decltype(square_int), int>(square_int) << std::endl;
std::cout << call<decltype(square_long), long>(square_long) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
My second attempt was to explode out the concept to one for int and one for long, then combine them together in a third concept. In this version, the usages of call() below don't require that template parameters be explicitly listed out, but the concept is more verbose. Imagine how something like this would look if there were more than 20 types instead of just 2.
// https://godbolt.org/z/hchT11rMx
//
#include <concepts>
#include <iostream>
// Concept for a callable that can take a single parameter or either int or long.
template<typename T>
concept MySpecialFunction1 = requires(T t, int i) {
{ t(i) } -> std::same_as<decltype(i)>;
};
template<typename T>
concept MySpecialFunction2 = requires(T t, long l) {
{ t(l) } -> std::same_as<decltype(l)>;
};
template<typename T>
concept MySpecialFunction = MySpecialFunction1<T> || MySpecialFunction2<T>;
// T must be callable with 1 parameter that is either int or long!
template<MySpecialFunction T>
decltype(auto) call(T t) {
return t(2);
}
// Test
int square_int(int num) {
return num * num;
}
long square_long(long num) {
return num * num;
}
int main() {
std::cout << call(square_int) << std::endl;
std::cout << call(square_long) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Is there anyway to have the conciseness / easy of understanding that the first example gives without the compiler losing the ability to infer template parameters as happens in the second example?
Since you have the types int and long baked into the concept, why don't you use something like this:
//true if Fn accepts one parameter (int or long) and have the same type as the result
template <typename Fn>
concept MySpecialFunction = requires (Fn fn) {
requires
std::same_as<int, decltype(fn(0))> ||
std::same_as<long, decltype(fn(0L))>;
};
template <MySpecialFunction Fn>
decltype(auto) call(Fn fn)
{
//think about what happens if Fn is square_long
//doesn't the type of the value (int) gets converted to long?
//that raises the question what your main purpose is
return fn(2);
}
See: https://godbolt.org/z/Y7vTrPoP5
Maybe you also want to have a look at:
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concepts/invocable
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/invoke
After some browsing around, I came across https://stackoverflow.com/a/43526780/1196226 and https://stackoverflow.com/a/22632571/1196226. I was able to utilize these answers to build out a solution that can apply concepts to parameters concisely and without the compiler losing the ability to infer template parameters.
// https://godbolt.org/z/nh8nWxhzK
//
#include <concepts>
#include <iostream>
template <std::size_t N, typename T0, typename ... Ts>
struct typeN { using type = typename typeN<N-1U, Ts...>::type; };
template <typename T0, typename ... Ts>
struct typeN<0U, T0, Ts...> { using type = T0; };
template <std::size_t, typename F>
struct argN;
template <std::size_t N, typename R, typename ... As>
struct argN<N, R(*)(As...)> { using type = typename typeN<N, As...>::type; }; // needed for std::integral<>
template <std::size_t N, typename R, typename ... As>
struct argN<N, R(As...)> { using type = typename typeN<N, As...>::type; }; // needed for std::is_integeral_v<>
template <typename F>
struct returnType;
template <typename R, typename ... As>
struct returnType<R(*)(As...)> { using type = R; }; // works for std::integral<> / std::same_as<>
template <typename R, typename ... As>
struct returnType<R(As...)> { using type = R; }; // needed for std::is_integeral_v<>
template<typename Fn>
concept MySpecialFunction =
(std::same_as<typename argN<0U, Fn>::type, int> || std::same_as<typename argN<0U, Fn>::type, long>)
&& std::same_as<typename returnType<Fn>::type, typename argN<0U, Fn>::type>;
template<MySpecialFunction Fn>
decltype(auto) call(Fn fn) {
return fn(2);
}
// Test
int square_int(int num) {
return num * num;
}
long square_long(long num) {
return num * num;
}
static_assert( std::is_integral_v<typename argN<0U, decltype(square_int)>::type> );
static_assert( std::is_integral_v<typename returnType<decltype(square_int)>::type> );
static_assert( std::is_integral_v<typename argN<0U, decltype(square_long)>::type> );
static_assert( std::is_integral_v<typename returnType<decltype(square_long)>::type> );
int main() {
std::cout << call(square_int) << std::endl;
std::cout << call(square_long) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
How can I iterate over a tuple (using C++11)? I tried the following:
for(int i=0; i<std::tuple_size<T...>::value; ++i)
std::get<i>(my_tuple).do_sth();
but this doesn't work:
Error 1: sorry, unimplemented: cannot expand ‘Listener ...’ into a fixed-length argument list.
Error 2: i cannot appear in a constant expression.
So, how do I correctly iterate over the elements of a tuple?
I have an answer based on Iterating over a Tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << std::endl;
print<I + 1, Tp...>(t);
}
int
main()
{
typedef std::tuple<int, float, double> T;
T t = std::make_tuple(2, 3.14159F, 2345.678);
print(t);
}
The usual idea is to use compile time recursion. In fact, this idea is used to make a printf that is type safe as noted in the original tuple papers.
This can be easily generalized into a for_each for tuples:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...> &, FuncT) // Unused arguments are given no names.
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, FuncT f)
{
f(std::get<I>(t));
for_each<I + 1, FuncT, Tp...>(t, f);
}
Though this then requires some effort to have FuncT represent something with the appropriate overloads for every type the tuple might contain. This works best if you know all the tuple elements will share a common base class or something similar.
In C++17, you can use std::apply with fold expression:
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((/* args.dosomething() */), ...);}, the_tuple);
A complete example for printing a tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple t{42, 'a', 4.2}; // Another C++17 feature: class template argument deduction
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((std::cout << args << '\n'), ...);}, t);
}
[Online Example on Coliru]
This solution solves the issue of evaluation order in M. Alaggan's answer.
C++ is introducing expansion statements for this purpose. They were originally on track for C++20 but narrowly missed the cut due to a lack of time for language wording review (see here and here).
The currently agreed syntax (see the links above) is:
{
auto tup = std::make_tuple(0, 'a', 3.14);
template for (auto elem : tup)
std::cout << elem << std::endl;
}
Boost.Fusion is a possibility:
Untested example:
struct DoSomething
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const
{
t.do_sth();
}
};
tuple<....> t = ...;
boost::fusion::for_each(t, DoSomething());
In C++17 you can do this:
std::apply([](auto ...x){std::make_tuple(x.do_something()...);} , the_tuple);
This already works in Clang++ 3.9, using std::experimental::apply.
A more simple, intuitive and compiler-friendly way of doing this in C++17, using if constexpr:
// prints every element of a tuple
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
void print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t) {
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << " ";
// do things
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp))
print<I+1>(t);
}
This is compile-time recursion, similar to the one presented by #emsr. But this doesn't use SFINAE so (I think) it is more compiler-friendly.
Use Boost.Hana and generic lambdas:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/hana.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/ext/std/tuple.hpp>
struct Foo1 {
int foo() const { return 42; }
};
struct Foo2 {
int bar = 0;
int foo() { bar = 24; return bar; }
};
int main() {
using namespace std;
using boost::hana::for_each;
Foo1 foo1;
Foo2 foo2;
for_each(tie(foo1, foo2), [](auto &foo) {
cout << foo.foo() << endl;
});
cout << "foo2.bar after mutation: " << foo2.bar << endl;
}
http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/27b3691f55caf271
Here's an easy C++17 way of iterating over tuple items with just standard library:
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to be invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{1, 'a'};
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
}
Output:
1
a
This can be extended to conditionally break the loop in case the callable returns a value (but still work with callables that do not return a bool assignable value, e.g. void):
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to bo invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
if constexpr (std::is_assignable_v<bool&, std::invoke_result_t<TCallable&&, TArgs&&..., decltype(std::get<Index>(tuple))>>)
{
if (!std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple)))
return;
}
else
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
}
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{ 1, 'a' };
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
std::cout << "---\n";
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
return false;
});
}
Output:
1
a
---
1
You need to use template metaprogramming, here shown with Boost.Tuple:
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <iostream>
template <typename T_Tuple, size_t size>
struct print_tuple_helper {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,size-1>::print( s, t ) << boost::get<size-1>( t );
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
struct print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,0> {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & ) {
return s;
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
std::ostream & print_tuple( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,boost::tuples::length<T_Tuple>::value>::print( s, t );
}
int main() {
const boost::tuple<int,char,float,char,double> t( 0, ' ', 2.5f, '\n', 3.1416 );
print_tuple( std::cout, t );
return 0;
}
In C++0x, you can write print_tuple() as a variadic template function instead.
First define some index helpers:
template <size_t ...I>
struct index_sequence {};
template <size_t N, size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence : public make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, I...> {};
template <size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence<0, I...> : public index_sequence<I...> {};
With your function you would like to apply on each tuple element:
template <typename T>
/* ... */ foo(T t) { /* ... */ }
you can write:
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
/* ... */ do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
std::tie(foo(std::get<I>(ts)) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
/* ... */ do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
return do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
Or if foo returns void, use
std::tie((foo(std::get<I>(ts)), 1) ... );
Note: On C++14 make_index_sequence is already defined (http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/integer_sequence).
If you do need a left-to-right evaluation order, consider something like this:
template <typename T, typename ...R>
void do_foo_iter(T t, R ...r) {
foo(t);
do_foo(r...);
}
void do_foo_iter() {}
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
void do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
do_foo_iter(std::get<I>(ts) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
void do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
If you want to use std::tuple and you have C++ compiler which supports variadic templates, try code bellow (tested with g++4.5). This should be the answer to your question.
#include <tuple>
// ------------- UTILITY---------------
template<int...> struct index_tuple{};
template<int I, typename IndexTuple, typename... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl;
template<int I, int... Indexes, typename T, typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...>, T, Types...>
{
typedef typename make_indexes_impl<I + 1, index_tuple<Indexes..., I>, Types...>::type type;
};
template<int I, int... Indexes>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...> >
{
typedef index_tuple<Indexes...> type;
};
template<typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes : make_indexes_impl<0, index_tuple<>, Types...>
{};
// ----------- FOR EACH -----------------
template<typename Func, typename Last>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, Last&& last)
{
f(last);
}
template<typename Func, typename First, typename ... Rest>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, First&& first, Rest&&...rest)
{
f(first);
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), rest...);
}
template<typename Func, int ... Indexes, typename ... Args>
void for_each_helper( Func&& f, index_tuple<Indexes...>, std::tuple<Args...>&& tup)
{
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), std::forward<Args>(std::get<Indexes>(tup))...);
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>&& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
boost::fusion is another option, but it requires its own tuple type: boost::fusion::tuple. Lets better stick to the standard! Here is a test:
#include <iostream>
// ---------- FUNCTOR ----------
struct Functor
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const { std::cout << t << std::endl; }
};
int main()
{
for_each( std::make_tuple(2, 0.6, 'c'), Functor() );
return 0;
}
the power of variadic templates!
In MSVC STL there's a _For_each_tuple_element function (not documented):
#include <tuple>
// ...
std::tuple<int, char, float> values{};
std::_For_each_tuple_element(values, [](auto&& value)
{
// process 'value'
});
Another option would be to implement iterators for tuples. This has the advantage that you can use a variety of algorithms provided by the standard library and range-based for loops. An elegant approach to this is explained here https://foonathan.net/2017/03/tuple-iterator/. The basic idea is to turn tuples into a range with begin() and end() methods to provide iterators. The iterator itself returns a std::variant<...> which can then be visited using std::visit.
Here some examples:
auto t = std::tuple{ 1, 2.f, 3.0 };
auto r = to_range(t);
for(auto v : r)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 1;
}), v);
}
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 0;
}), v);
});
std::accumulate(begin(r), end(r), 0.0, [](auto acc, auto v)
{
return acc + std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
return static_cast<double>(x);
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](const auto& x)
{
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(overload(
[](int x) { std::cout << "int" << std::endl; },
[](float x) { std::cout << "float" << std::endl; },
[](double x) { std::cout << "double" << std::endl; }), v);
});
My implementation (which is heavily based on the explanations in the link above):
#ifndef TUPLE_RANGE_H
#define TUPLE_RANGE_H
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include <variant>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename Accessor>
class tuple_iterator
{
public:
tuple_iterator(Accessor acc, const int idx)
: acc_(acc), index_(idx)
{
}
tuple_iterator operator++()
{
++index_;
return *this;
}
template<typename T>
bool operator ==(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ == other.index();
}
template<typename T>
bool operator !=(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ != other.index();
}
auto operator*() { return std::invoke(acc_, index_); }
[[nodiscard]] int index() const { return index_; }
private:
const Accessor acc_;
int index_;
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
struct tuple_access
{
using tuple_type = std::tuple<Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst, const tuple_type&, tuple_type&>;
template<typename T>
using element_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst,
std::reference_wrapper<const T>,
std::reference_wrapper<T>>;
using variant_type = std::variant<element_ref<Ts>...>;
using function_type = variant_type(*)(tuple_ref);
using table_type = std::array<function_type, sizeof...(Ts)>;
private:
template<size_t Index>
static constexpr function_type create_accessor()
{
return { [](tuple_ref t) -> variant_type
{
if constexpr (IsConst)
return std::cref(std::get<Index>(t));
else
return std::ref(std::get<Index>(t));
} };
}
template<size_t...Is>
static constexpr table_type create_table(std::index_sequence<Is...>)
{
return { create_accessor<Is>()... };
}
public:
static constexpr auto table = create_table(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
class tuple_range
{
public:
using tuple_access_type = tuple_access<IsConst, Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = typename tuple_access_type::tuple_ref;
static constexpr auto tuple_size = sizeof...(Ts);
explicit tuple_range(tuple_ref tuple)
: tuple_(tuple)
{
}
[[nodiscard]] auto begin() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), 0 };
}
[[nodiscard]] auto end() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), tuple_size };
}
private:
tuple_ref tuple_;
auto create_accessor() const
{
return [this](int idx)
{
return std::invoke(tuple_access_type::table[idx], tuple_);
};
}
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto begin(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.begin();
}
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto end(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.end();
}
template <class ... Fs>
struct overload : Fs... {
explicit overload(Fs&&... fs) : Fs{ fs }... {}
using Fs::operator()...;
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<const T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
};
template <class F>
struct unwrap : overload<F>
{
explicit unwrap(F&& f) : overload<F>{ std::forward<F>(f) } {}
using overload<F>::operator();
};
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<false, Ts...>{t};
}
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(const std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<true, Ts...>{t};
}
#endif
Read-only access is also supported by passing a const std::tuple<>& to to_range().
Others have mentioned some well-designed third-party libraries that you may turn to. However, if you are using C++ without those third-party libraries, the following code may help.
namespace detail {
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I, class = void>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction& f) {
f(std::get<I>(std::forward<Tuple>(tp)));
for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I + 1u>::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
}
};
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I, typename std::enable_if<
I == std::tuple_size<typename std::decay<Tuple>::type>::value>::type> {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&&, UnaryFunction&) {}
};
} // namespace detail
template <class Tuple, class UnaryFunction>
UnaryFunction for_each_in_tuple(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction f) {
detail::for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, 0u>
::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
return std::move(f);
}
Note: The code compiles with any compiler supporing C++11, and it keeps consistency with design of the standard library:
The tuple need not be std::tuple, and instead may be anything that supports std::get and std::tuple_size; in particular, std::array and std::pair may be used;
The tuple may be a reference type or cv-qualified;
It has similar behavior as std::for_each, and returns the input UnaryFunction;
For C++14 (or laster version) users, typename std::enable_if<T>::type and typename std::decay<T>::type could be replaced with their simplified version, std::enable_if_t<T> and std::decay_t<T>;
For C++17 (or laster version) users, std::tuple_size<T>::value could be replaced with its simplified version, std::tuple_size_v<T>.
For C++20 (or laster version) users, the SFINAE feature could be implemented with the Concepts.
Using constexpr and if constexpr(C++17) this is fairly simple and straight forward:
template <std::size_t I = 0, typename ... Ts>
void print(std::tuple<Ts...> tup) {
if constexpr (I == sizeof...(Ts)) {
return;
} else {
std::cout << std::get<I>(tup) << ' ';
print<I+1>(tup);
}
}
I might have missed this train, but this will be here for future reference.
Here's my construct based on this answer and on this gist:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t N>
struct tuple_functor
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t i, T&& t, F&& f)
{
const std::size_t I = (N - 1);
switch(i)
{
case I:
std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<I>(std::forward<T>(t)));
break;
default:
tuple_functor<I>::run(i, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_functor<0>
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t, T, F){}
};
You then use it as follow:
template<typename... T>
void logger(std::string format, T... args) //behaves like C#'s String.Format()
{
auto tp = std::forward_as_tuple(args...);
auto fc = [](const auto& t){std::cout << t;};
/* ... */
std::size_t some_index = ...
tuple_functor<sizeof...(T)>::run(some_index, tp, fc);
/* ... */
}
There could be room for improvements.
As per OP's code, it would become this:
const std::size_t num = sizeof...(T);
auto my_tuple = std::forward_as_tuple(t...);
auto do_sth = [](const auto& elem){/* ... */};
for(int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
tuple_functor<num>::run(i, my_tuple, do_sth);
Of all the answers I've seen here, here and here, I liked #sigidagi's way of iterating best. Unfortunately, his answer is very verbose which in my opinion obscures the inherent clarity.
This is my version of his solution which is more concise and works with std::tuple, std::pair and std::array.
template<typename UnaryFunction>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction)
{}
/**
* Invoke the unary function with each of the arguments in turn.
*/
template<typename UnaryFunction, typename Arg0, typename... Args>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction f, Arg0&& a0, Args&&... as)
{
f(std::forward<Arg0>(a0));
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), std::forward<Args>(as)...);
}
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction, std::size_t... Indices>
void for_each_helper(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f, std::index_sequence<Indices...>)
{
using std::get;
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), get<Indices>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
}
/**
* Invoke the unary function for each of the elements of the tuple.
*/
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction>
void for_each(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f)
{
using size = std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<Tuple>::type>;
for_each_helper(
std::forward<Tuple>(t),
std::move(f),
std::make_index_sequence<size::value>()
);
}
Demo: coliru
C++14's std::make_index_sequence can be implemented for C++11.
Expanding on #Stypox answer, we can make their solution more generic (C++17 onward). By adding a callable function argument:
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp, typename F>
void for_each_apply(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, F &&f) {
f(std::get<I>(t));
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp)) {
for_each_apply<I+1>(t, std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
Then, we need a strategy to visit each type.
Let start with some helpers (first two taken from cppreference):
template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
template<class ... Ts> struct variant_ref { using type = std::variant<std::reference_wrapper<Ts>...>; };
variant_ref is used to allow tuples' state to be modified.
Usage:
std::tuple<Foo, Bar, Foo> tuples;
for_each_apply(tuples,
[](variant_ref<Foo, Bar>::type &&v) {
std::visit(overloaded {
[](Foo &arg) { arg.foo(); },
[](Bar const &arg) { arg.bar(); },
}, v);
});
Result:
Foo0
Bar
Foo0
Foo1
Bar
Foo1
For completeness, here are my Bar & Foo:
struct Foo {
void foo() {std::cout << "Foo" << i++ << std::endl;}
int i = 0;
};
struct Bar {
void bar() const {std::cout << "Bar" << std::endl;}
};
I have stumbled on the same problem for iterating over a tuple of function objects, so here is one more solution:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
// Function objects
class A
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "A\n"; };
};
class B
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "B\n"; };
};
class C
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "C\n"; };
};
class D
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "D\n"; };
};
// Call iterator using recursion.
template<typename Fobjects, int N = 0>
struct call_functors
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
std::get<N>(funcs)();
// Choose either the stopper or descend further,
// depending if N + 1 < size of the tuple.
using caller = std::conditional_t
<
N + 1 < std::tuple_size_v<Fobjects>,
call_functors<Fobjects, N + 1>,
call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
>;
caller::apply(funcs);
}
};
// Stopper.
template<typename Fobjects>
struct call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
}
};
// Call dispatch function.
template<typename Fobjects>
void call(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
call_functors<Fobjects>::apply(funcs);
};
using namespace std;
int main()
{
using Tuple = tuple<A,B,C,D>;
Tuple functors = {A{}, B{}, C{}, D{}};
call(functors);
return 0;
}
Output:
A
B
C
D
There're many great answers, but for some reason most of them don't consider returning the results of applying f to our tuple...
or did I overlook it? Anyway, here's yet another way you can do that:
Doing Foreach with style (debatable)
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
t | foreach([](auto v){ std::cout << v << " "; });
And returning from that:
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
auto sizes = t | foreach([](auto v) {
return sizeof(v);
});
sizes | foreach([](auto v) {
std::cout << v;
});
Implementation (pretty simple one)
Edit: it gets a little messier.
I won't include some metaprogramming boilerplate here, for it will definitely make things less readable and besides, I believe those have already been answered somewhere on stackoverflow.
In case you're feeling lazy, feel free to peek into my github repo for implementation of both
#include <utility>
// Optional includes, if you don't want to implement it by hand or google it
// you can find it in the repo (link below)
#include "typesystem/typelist.hpp"
// used to check if all return types are void,
// making it a special case
// (and, alas, not using constexpr-if
// for the sake of being compatible with C++14...)
template <bool Cond, typename T, typename F>
using select = typename std::conditional<Cond, T, F>::type;
template <typename F>
struct elementwise_apply {
F f;
};
template <typename F>
constexpr auto foreach(F && f) -> elementwise_apply<F> { return {std::forward<F>(f)}; }
template <typename R>
struct tuple_map {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr decltype(auto) impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
return R{ std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) )... };
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_map<void> {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr void impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
[[maybe_unused]] std::initializer_list<int> _ {((void)std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) ), 0)... };
}
};
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> & t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> const& t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = check if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )..." types are void, since then it's a special case
// e.g. core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts const&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> && t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, std::move(t));
}
Yeah, that would be much nicer if we were to use C++17
This is also an example of std::moving object's members, for which I'll better refer to this nice brief article
P.S. If you're stuck checking if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval()) )..." types are void
you can find some metaprogramming library, or, if those libraries seem too hard to grasp (which some of them may be due to some crazy metaprogramming tricks), you know where to look
template <typename F, typename T>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
do_(tuple, index_);
return index_;
}
template <typename F, typename T, typename U, typename... Types>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T,U,Types...> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
if(!do_(tuple, index_))
return index_;
auto & next_tuple = reinterpret_cast<std::tuple<U,Types...> &>(tuple);
return foreach_in_tuple(next_tuple, std::forward<F>(do_), index_+1);
}
int main()
{
using namespace std;
auto tup = make_tuple(1, 2.3f, 'G', "hello");
foreach_in_tuple(tup, [](auto & tuple, size_t i)
{
auto & value = std::get<0>(tuple);
std::cout << i << " " << value << std::endl;
// if(i >= 2) return false; // break;
return true; // continue
});
}
Here is a solution based on std::interger_sequence.
As I don't know if my_tuple is constructed from std::make_tuple<T>(T &&...) in your code. It's essential for how to construct std::integer_sequence in the solution below.
(1) if your already have a my_tuple outside your function(not using template<typename ...T>), You can use
[](auto my_tuple)
{
[&my_tuple]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(my_tuple) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<decltype(my_tuple)>>{});
}(std::make_tuple());
(2) if your havn't constructed my_tuple in your function and want to handle your T ...arguments
[]<typename ...T>(T... args)
{
[&args...]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(std::forward_as_tuple(args...)) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::index_sequence_for<T...>{});
}();
boost's tuple provides helper functions get_head() and get_tail() so your helper functions may look like this:
inline void call_do_sth(const null_type&) {};
template <class H, class T>
inline void call_do_sth(cons<H, T>& x) { x.get_head().do_sth(); call_do_sth(x.get_tail()); }
as described in here http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_34_0/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_advanced_interface.html
with std::tuple it should be similar.
Actually, unfortunately std::tuple does not seem to provide such interface, so methods suggested before should work, or you would need to switch to boost::tuple which has other benefits (like io operators already provided). Though there is downside of boost::tuple with gcc - it does not accept variadic templates yet, but that may be already fixed as I do not have latest version of boost installed on my machine.
How can I iterate over a tuple (using C++11)? I tried the following:
for(int i=0; i<std::tuple_size<T...>::value; ++i)
std::get<i>(my_tuple).do_sth();
but this doesn't work:
Error 1: sorry, unimplemented: cannot expand ‘Listener ...’ into a fixed-length argument list.
Error 2: i cannot appear in a constant expression.
So, how do I correctly iterate over the elements of a tuple?
I have an answer based on Iterating over a Tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << std::endl;
print<I + 1, Tp...>(t);
}
int
main()
{
typedef std::tuple<int, float, double> T;
T t = std::make_tuple(2, 3.14159F, 2345.678);
print(t);
}
The usual idea is to use compile time recursion. In fact, this idea is used to make a printf that is type safe as noted in the original tuple papers.
This can be easily generalized into a for_each for tuples:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...> &, FuncT) // Unused arguments are given no names.
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, FuncT f)
{
f(std::get<I>(t));
for_each<I + 1, FuncT, Tp...>(t, f);
}
Though this then requires some effort to have FuncT represent something with the appropriate overloads for every type the tuple might contain. This works best if you know all the tuple elements will share a common base class or something similar.
In C++17, you can use std::apply with fold expression:
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((/* args.dosomething() */), ...);}, the_tuple);
A complete example for printing a tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple t{42, 'a', 4.2}; // Another C++17 feature: class template argument deduction
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((std::cout << args << '\n'), ...);}, t);
}
[Online Example on Coliru]
This solution solves the issue of evaluation order in M. Alaggan's answer.
C++ is introducing expansion statements for this purpose. They were originally on track for C++20 but narrowly missed the cut due to a lack of time for language wording review (see here and here).
The currently agreed syntax (see the links above) is:
{
auto tup = std::make_tuple(0, 'a', 3.14);
template for (auto elem : tup)
std::cout << elem << std::endl;
}
Boost.Fusion is a possibility:
Untested example:
struct DoSomething
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const
{
t.do_sth();
}
};
tuple<....> t = ...;
boost::fusion::for_each(t, DoSomething());
In C++17 you can do this:
std::apply([](auto ...x){std::make_tuple(x.do_something()...);} , the_tuple);
This already works in Clang++ 3.9, using std::experimental::apply.
A more simple, intuitive and compiler-friendly way of doing this in C++17, using if constexpr:
// prints every element of a tuple
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
void print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t) {
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << " ";
// do things
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp))
print<I+1>(t);
}
This is compile-time recursion, similar to the one presented by #emsr. But this doesn't use SFINAE so (I think) it is more compiler-friendly.
Use Boost.Hana and generic lambdas:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/hana.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/ext/std/tuple.hpp>
struct Foo1 {
int foo() const { return 42; }
};
struct Foo2 {
int bar = 0;
int foo() { bar = 24; return bar; }
};
int main() {
using namespace std;
using boost::hana::for_each;
Foo1 foo1;
Foo2 foo2;
for_each(tie(foo1, foo2), [](auto &foo) {
cout << foo.foo() << endl;
});
cout << "foo2.bar after mutation: " << foo2.bar << endl;
}
http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/27b3691f55caf271
Here's an easy C++17 way of iterating over tuple items with just standard library:
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to be invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{1, 'a'};
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
}
Output:
1
a
This can be extended to conditionally break the loop in case the callable returns a value (but still work with callables that do not return a bool assignable value, e.g. void):
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to bo invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
if constexpr (std::is_assignable_v<bool&, std::invoke_result_t<TCallable&&, TArgs&&..., decltype(std::get<Index>(tuple))>>)
{
if (!std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple)))
return;
}
else
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
}
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{ 1, 'a' };
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
std::cout << "---\n";
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
return false;
});
}
Output:
1
a
---
1
You need to use template metaprogramming, here shown with Boost.Tuple:
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <iostream>
template <typename T_Tuple, size_t size>
struct print_tuple_helper {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,size-1>::print( s, t ) << boost::get<size-1>( t );
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
struct print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,0> {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & ) {
return s;
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
std::ostream & print_tuple( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,boost::tuples::length<T_Tuple>::value>::print( s, t );
}
int main() {
const boost::tuple<int,char,float,char,double> t( 0, ' ', 2.5f, '\n', 3.1416 );
print_tuple( std::cout, t );
return 0;
}
In C++0x, you can write print_tuple() as a variadic template function instead.
First define some index helpers:
template <size_t ...I>
struct index_sequence {};
template <size_t N, size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence : public make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, I...> {};
template <size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence<0, I...> : public index_sequence<I...> {};
With your function you would like to apply on each tuple element:
template <typename T>
/* ... */ foo(T t) { /* ... */ }
you can write:
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
/* ... */ do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
std::tie(foo(std::get<I>(ts)) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
/* ... */ do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
return do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
Or if foo returns void, use
std::tie((foo(std::get<I>(ts)), 1) ... );
Note: On C++14 make_index_sequence is already defined (http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/integer_sequence).
If you do need a left-to-right evaluation order, consider something like this:
template <typename T, typename ...R>
void do_foo_iter(T t, R ...r) {
foo(t);
do_foo(r...);
}
void do_foo_iter() {}
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
void do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
do_foo_iter(std::get<I>(ts) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
void do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
If you want to use std::tuple and you have C++ compiler which supports variadic templates, try code bellow (tested with g++4.5). This should be the answer to your question.
#include <tuple>
// ------------- UTILITY---------------
template<int...> struct index_tuple{};
template<int I, typename IndexTuple, typename... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl;
template<int I, int... Indexes, typename T, typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...>, T, Types...>
{
typedef typename make_indexes_impl<I + 1, index_tuple<Indexes..., I>, Types...>::type type;
};
template<int I, int... Indexes>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...> >
{
typedef index_tuple<Indexes...> type;
};
template<typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes : make_indexes_impl<0, index_tuple<>, Types...>
{};
// ----------- FOR EACH -----------------
template<typename Func, typename Last>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, Last&& last)
{
f(last);
}
template<typename Func, typename First, typename ... Rest>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, First&& first, Rest&&...rest)
{
f(first);
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), rest...);
}
template<typename Func, int ... Indexes, typename ... Args>
void for_each_helper( Func&& f, index_tuple<Indexes...>, std::tuple<Args...>&& tup)
{
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), std::forward<Args>(std::get<Indexes>(tup))...);
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>&& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
boost::fusion is another option, but it requires its own tuple type: boost::fusion::tuple. Lets better stick to the standard! Here is a test:
#include <iostream>
// ---------- FUNCTOR ----------
struct Functor
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const { std::cout << t << std::endl; }
};
int main()
{
for_each( std::make_tuple(2, 0.6, 'c'), Functor() );
return 0;
}
the power of variadic templates!
In MSVC STL there's a _For_each_tuple_element function (not documented):
#include <tuple>
// ...
std::tuple<int, char, float> values{};
std::_For_each_tuple_element(values, [](auto&& value)
{
// process 'value'
});
Another option would be to implement iterators for tuples. This has the advantage that you can use a variety of algorithms provided by the standard library and range-based for loops. An elegant approach to this is explained here https://foonathan.net/2017/03/tuple-iterator/. The basic idea is to turn tuples into a range with begin() and end() methods to provide iterators. The iterator itself returns a std::variant<...> which can then be visited using std::visit.
Here some examples:
auto t = std::tuple{ 1, 2.f, 3.0 };
auto r = to_range(t);
for(auto v : r)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 1;
}), v);
}
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 0;
}), v);
});
std::accumulate(begin(r), end(r), 0.0, [](auto acc, auto v)
{
return acc + std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
return static_cast<double>(x);
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](const auto& x)
{
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(overload(
[](int x) { std::cout << "int" << std::endl; },
[](float x) { std::cout << "float" << std::endl; },
[](double x) { std::cout << "double" << std::endl; }), v);
});
My implementation (which is heavily based on the explanations in the link above):
#ifndef TUPLE_RANGE_H
#define TUPLE_RANGE_H
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include <variant>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename Accessor>
class tuple_iterator
{
public:
tuple_iterator(Accessor acc, const int idx)
: acc_(acc), index_(idx)
{
}
tuple_iterator operator++()
{
++index_;
return *this;
}
template<typename T>
bool operator ==(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ == other.index();
}
template<typename T>
bool operator !=(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ != other.index();
}
auto operator*() { return std::invoke(acc_, index_); }
[[nodiscard]] int index() const { return index_; }
private:
const Accessor acc_;
int index_;
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
struct tuple_access
{
using tuple_type = std::tuple<Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst, const tuple_type&, tuple_type&>;
template<typename T>
using element_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst,
std::reference_wrapper<const T>,
std::reference_wrapper<T>>;
using variant_type = std::variant<element_ref<Ts>...>;
using function_type = variant_type(*)(tuple_ref);
using table_type = std::array<function_type, sizeof...(Ts)>;
private:
template<size_t Index>
static constexpr function_type create_accessor()
{
return { [](tuple_ref t) -> variant_type
{
if constexpr (IsConst)
return std::cref(std::get<Index>(t));
else
return std::ref(std::get<Index>(t));
} };
}
template<size_t...Is>
static constexpr table_type create_table(std::index_sequence<Is...>)
{
return { create_accessor<Is>()... };
}
public:
static constexpr auto table = create_table(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
class tuple_range
{
public:
using tuple_access_type = tuple_access<IsConst, Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = typename tuple_access_type::tuple_ref;
static constexpr auto tuple_size = sizeof...(Ts);
explicit tuple_range(tuple_ref tuple)
: tuple_(tuple)
{
}
[[nodiscard]] auto begin() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), 0 };
}
[[nodiscard]] auto end() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), tuple_size };
}
private:
tuple_ref tuple_;
auto create_accessor() const
{
return [this](int idx)
{
return std::invoke(tuple_access_type::table[idx], tuple_);
};
}
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto begin(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.begin();
}
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto end(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.end();
}
template <class ... Fs>
struct overload : Fs... {
explicit overload(Fs&&... fs) : Fs{ fs }... {}
using Fs::operator()...;
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<const T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
};
template <class F>
struct unwrap : overload<F>
{
explicit unwrap(F&& f) : overload<F>{ std::forward<F>(f) } {}
using overload<F>::operator();
};
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<false, Ts...>{t};
}
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(const std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<true, Ts...>{t};
}
#endif
Read-only access is also supported by passing a const std::tuple<>& to to_range().
Others have mentioned some well-designed third-party libraries that you may turn to. However, if you are using C++ without those third-party libraries, the following code may help.
namespace detail {
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I, class = void>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction& f) {
f(std::get<I>(std::forward<Tuple>(tp)));
for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I + 1u>::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
}
};
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I, typename std::enable_if<
I == std::tuple_size<typename std::decay<Tuple>::type>::value>::type> {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&&, UnaryFunction&) {}
};
} // namespace detail
template <class Tuple, class UnaryFunction>
UnaryFunction for_each_in_tuple(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction f) {
detail::for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, 0u>
::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
return std::move(f);
}
Note: The code compiles with any compiler supporing C++11, and it keeps consistency with design of the standard library:
The tuple need not be std::tuple, and instead may be anything that supports std::get and std::tuple_size; in particular, std::array and std::pair may be used;
The tuple may be a reference type or cv-qualified;
It has similar behavior as std::for_each, and returns the input UnaryFunction;
For C++14 (or laster version) users, typename std::enable_if<T>::type and typename std::decay<T>::type could be replaced with their simplified version, std::enable_if_t<T> and std::decay_t<T>;
For C++17 (or laster version) users, std::tuple_size<T>::value could be replaced with its simplified version, std::tuple_size_v<T>.
For C++20 (or laster version) users, the SFINAE feature could be implemented with the Concepts.
Using constexpr and if constexpr(C++17) this is fairly simple and straight forward:
template <std::size_t I = 0, typename ... Ts>
void print(std::tuple<Ts...> tup) {
if constexpr (I == sizeof...(Ts)) {
return;
} else {
std::cout << std::get<I>(tup) << ' ';
print<I+1>(tup);
}
}
I might have missed this train, but this will be here for future reference.
Here's my construct based on this answer and on this gist:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t N>
struct tuple_functor
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t i, T&& t, F&& f)
{
const std::size_t I = (N - 1);
switch(i)
{
case I:
std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<I>(std::forward<T>(t)));
break;
default:
tuple_functor<I>::run(i, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_functor<0>
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t, T, F){}
};
You then use it as follow:
template<typename... T>
void logger(std::string format, T... args) //behaves like C#'s String.Format()
{
auto tp = std::forward_as_tuple(args...);
auto fc = [](const auto& t){std::cout << t;};
/* ... */
std::size_t some_index = ...
tuple_functor<sizeof...(T)>::run(some_index, tp, fc);
/* ... */
}
There could be room for improvements.
As per OP's code, it would become this:
const std::size_t num = sizeof...(T);
auto my_tuple = std::forward_as_tuple(t...);
auto do_sth = [](const auto& elem){/* ... */};
for(int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
tuple_functor<num>::run(i, my_tuple, do_sth);
Of all the answers I've seen here, here and here, I liked #sigidagi's way of iterating best. Unfortunately, his answer is very verbose which in my opinion obscures the inherent clarity.
This is my version of his solution which is more concise and works with std::tuple, std::pair and std::array.
template<typename UnaryFunction>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction)
{}
/**
* Invoke the unary function with each of the arguments in turn.
*/
template<typename UnaryFunction, typename Arg0, typename... Args>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction f, Arg0&& a0, Args&&... as)
{
f(std::forward<Arg0>(a0));
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), std::forward<Args>(as)...);
}
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction, std::size_t... Indices>
void for_each_helper(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f, std::index_sequence<Indices...>)
{
using std::get;
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), get<Indices>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
}
/**
* Invoke the unary function for each of the elements of the tuple.
*/
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction>
void for_each(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f)
{
using size = std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<Tuple>::type>;
for_each_helper(
std::forward<Tuple>(t),
std::move(f),
std::make_index_sequence<size::value>()
);
}
Demo: coliru
C++14's std::make_index_sequence can be implemented for C++11.
Expanding on #Stypox answer, we can make their solution more generic (C++17 onward). By adding a callable function argument:
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp, typename F>
void for_each_apply(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, F &&f) {
f(std::get<I>(t));
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp)) {
for_each_apply<I+1>(t, std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
Then, we need a strategy to visit each type.
Let start with some helpers (first two taken from cppreference):
template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
template<class ... Ts> struct variant_ref { using type = std::variant<std::reference_wrapper<Ts>...>; };
variant_ref is used to allow tuples' state to be modified.
Usage:
std::tuple<Foo, Bar, Foo> tuples;
for_each_apply(tuples,
[](variant_ref<Foo, Bar>::type &&v) {
std::visit(overloaded {
[](Foo &arg) { arg.foo(); },
[](Bar const &arg) { arg.bar(); },
}, v);
});
Result:
Foo0
Bar
Foo0
Foo1
Bar
Foo1
For completeness, here are my Bar & Foo:
struct Foo {
void foo() {std::cout << "Foo" << i++ << std::endl;}
int i = 0;
};
struct Bar {
void bar() const {std::cout << "Bar" << std::endl;}
};
I have stumbled on the same problem for iterating over a tuple of function objects, so here is one more solution:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
// Function objects
class A
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "A\n"; };
};
class B
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "B\n"; };
};
class C
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "C\n"; };
};
class D
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "D\n"; };
};
// Call iterator using recursion.
template<typename Fobjects, int N = 0>
struct call_functors
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
std::get<N>(funcs)();
// Choose either the stopper or descend further,
// depending if N + 1 < size of the tuple.
using caller = std::conditional_t
<
N + 1 < std::tuple_size_v<Fobjects>,
call_functors<Fobjects, N + 1>,
call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
>;
caller::apply(funcs);
}
};
// Stopper.
template<typename Fobjects>
struct call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
}
};
// Call dispatch function.
template<typename Fobjects>
void call(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
call_functors<Fobjects>::apply(funcs);
};
using namespace std;
int main()
{
using Tuple = tuple<A,B,C,D>;
Tuple functors = {A{}, B{}, C{}, D{}};
call(functors);
return 0;
}
Output:
A
B
C
D
There're many great answers, but for some reason most of them don't consider returning the results of applying f to our tuple...
or did I overlook it? Anyway, here's yet another way you can do that:
Doing Foreach with style (debatable)
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
t | foreach([](auto v){ std::cout << v << " "; });
And returning from that:
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
auto sizes = t | foreach([](auto v) {
return sizeof(v);
});
sizes | foreach([](auto v) {
std::cout << v;
});
Implementation (pretty simple one)
Edit: it gets a little messier.
I won't include some metaprogramming boilerplate here, for it will definitely make things less readable and besides, I believe those have already been answered somewhere on stackoverflow.
In case you're feeling lazy, feel free to peek into my github repo for implementation of both
#include <utility>
// Optional includes, if you don't want to implement it by hand or google it
// you can find it in the repo (link below)
#include "typesystem/typelist.hpp"
// used to check if all return types are void,
// making it a special case
// (and, alas, not using constexpr-if
// for the sake of being compatible with C++14...)
template <bool Cond, typename T, typename F>
using select = typename std::conditional<Cond, T, F>::type;
template <typename F>
struct elementwise_apply {
F f;
};
template <typename F>
constexpr auto foreach(F && f) -> elementwise_apply<F> { return {std::forward<F>(f)}; }
template <typename R>
struct tuple_map {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr decltype(auto) impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
return R{ std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) )... };
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_map<void> {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr void impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
[[maybe_unused]] std::initializer_list<int> _ {((void)std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) ), 0)... };
}
};
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> & t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> const& t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = check if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )..." types are void, since then it's a special case
// e.g. core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts const&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> && t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, std::move(t));
}
Yeah, that would be much nicer if we were to use C++17
This is also an example of std::moving object's members, for which I'll better refer to this nice brief article
P.S. If you're stuck checking if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval()) )..." types are void
you can find some metaprogramming library, or, if those libraries seem too hard to grasp (which some of them may be due to some crazy metaprogramming tricks), you know where to look
template <typename F, typename T>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
do_(tuple, index_);
return index_;
}
template <typename F, typename T, typename U, typename... Types>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T,U,Types...> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
if(!do_(tuple, index_))
return index_;
auto & next_tuple = reinterpret_cast<std::tuple<U,Types...> &>(tuple);
return foreach_in_tuple(next_tuple, std::forward<F>(do_), index_+1);
}
int main()
{
using namespace std;
auto tup = make_tuple(1, 2.3f, 'G', "hello");
foreach_in_tuple(tup, [](auto & tuple, size_t i)
{
auto & value = std::get<0>(tuple);
std::cout << i << " " << value << std::endl;
// if(i >= 2) return false; // break;
return true; // continue
});
}
Here is a solution based on std::interger_sequence.
As I don't know if my_tuple is constructed from std::make_tuple<T>(T &&...) in your code. It's essential for how to construct std::integer_sequence in the solution below.
(1) if your already have a my_tuple outside your function(not using template<typename ...T>), You can use
[](auto my_tuple)
{
[&my_tuple]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(my_tuple) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<decltype(my_tuple)>>{});
}(std::make_tuple());
(2) if your havn't constructed my_tuple in your function and want to handle your T ...arguments
[]<typename ...T>(T... args)
{
[&args...]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(std::forward_as_tuple(args...)) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::index_sequence_for<T...>{});
}();
boost's tuple provides helper functions get_head() and get_tail() so your helper functions may look like this:
inline void call_do_sth(const null_type&) {};
template <class H, class T>
inline void call_do_sth(cons<H, T>& x) { x.get_head().do_sth(); call_do_sth(x.get_tail()); }
as described in here http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_34_0/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_advanced_interface.html
with std::tuple it should be similar.
Actually, unfortunately std::tuple does not seem to provide such interface, so methods suggested before should work, or you would need to switch to boost::tuple which has other benefits (like io operators already provided). Though there is downside of boost::tuple with gcc - it does not accept variadic templates yet, but that may be already fixed as I do not have latest version of boost installed on my machine.
How can I iterate over a tuple (using C++11)? I tried the following:
for(int i=0; i<std::tuple_size<T...>::value; ++i)
std::get<i>(my_tuple).do_sth();
but this doesn't work:
Error 1: sorry, unimplemented: cannot expand ‘Listener ...’ into a fixed-length argument list.
Error 2: i cannot appear in a constant expression.
So, how do I correctly iterate over the elements of a tuple?
I have an answer based on Iterating over a Tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t)
{
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << std::endl;
print<I + 1, Tp...>(t);
}
int
main()
{
typedef std::tuple<int, float, double> T;
T t = std::make_tuple(2, 3.14159F, 2345.678);
print(t);
}
The usual idea is to use compile time recursion. In fact, this idea is used to make a printf that is type safe as noted in the original tuple papers.
This can be easily generalized into a for_each for tuples:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...> &, FuncT) // Unused arguments are given no names.
{ }
template<std::size_t I = 0, typename FuncT, typename... Tp>
inline typename std::enable_if<I < sizeof...(Tp), void>::type
for_each(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, FuncT f)
{
f(std::get<I>(t));
for_each<I + 1, FuncT, Tp...>(t, f);
}
Though this then requires some effort to have FuncT represent something with the appropriate overloads for every type the tuple might contain. This works best if you know all the tuple elements will share a common base class or something similar.
In C++17, you can use std::apply with fold expression:
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((/* args.dosomething() */), ...);}, the_tuple);
A complete example for printing a tuple:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple t{42, 'a', 4.2}; // Another C++17 feature: class template argument deduction
std::apply([](auto&&... args) {((std::cout << args << '\n'), ...);}, t);
}
[Online Example on Coliru]
This solution solves the issue of evaluation order in M. Alaggan's answer.
C++ is introducing expansion statements for this purpose. They were originally on track for C++20 but narrowly missed the cut due to a lack of time for language wording review (see here and here).
The currently agreed syntax (see the links above) is:
{
auto tup = std::make_tuple(0, 'a', 3.14);
template for (auto elem : tup)
std::cout << elem << std::endl;
}
Boost.Fusion is a possibility:
Untested example:
struct DoSomething
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const
{
t.do_sth();
}
};
tuple<....> t = ...;
boost::fusion::for_each(t, DoSomething());
In C++17 you can do this:
std::apply([](auto ...x){std::make_tuple(x.do_something()...);} , the_tuple);
This already works in Clang++ 3.9, using std::experimental::apply.
A more simple, intuitive and compiler-friendly way of doing this in C++17, using if constexpr:
// prints every element of a tuple
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
void print(std::tuple<Tp...>& t) {
std::cout << std::get<I>(t) << " ";
// do things
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp))
print<I+1>(t);
}
This is compile-time recursion, similar to the one presented by #emsr. But this doesn't use SFINAE so (I think) it is more compiler-friendly.
Use Boost.Hana and generic lambdas:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/hana.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/ext/std/tuple.hpp>
struct Foo1 {
int foo() const { return 42; }
};
struct Foo2 {
int bar = 0;
int foo() { bar = 24; return bar; }
};
int main() {
using namespace std;
using boost::hana::for_each;
Foo1 foo1;
Foo2 foo2;
for_each(tie(foo1, foo2), [](auto &foo) {
cout << foo.foo() << endl;
});
cout << "foo2.bar after mutation: " << foo2.bar << endl;
}
http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/27b3691f55caf271
Here's an easy C++17 way of iterating over tuple items with just standard library:
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to be invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{1, 'a'};
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
}
Output:
1
a
This can be extended to conditionally break the loop in case the callable returns a value (but still work with callables that do not return a bool assignable value, e.g. void):
#include <tuple> // std::tuple
#include <functional> // std::invoke
template <
size_t Index = 0, // start iteration at 0 index
typename TTuple, // the tuple type
size_t Size =
std::tuple_size_v<
std::remove_reference_t<TTuple>>, // tuple size
typename TCallable, // the callable to bo invoked for each tuple item
typename... TArgs // other arguments to be passed to the callable
>
void for_each(TTuple&& tuple, TCallable&& callable, TArgs&&... args)
{
if constexpr (Index < Size)
{
if constexpr (std::is_assignable_v<bool&, std::invoke_result_t<TCallable&&, TArgs&&..., decltype(std::get<Index>(tuple))>>)
{
if (!std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple)))
return;
}
else
{
std::invoke(callable, args..., std::get<Index>(tuple));
}
if constexpr (Index + 1 < Size)
for_each<Index + 1>(
std::forward<TTuple>(tuple),
std::forward<TCallable>(callable),
std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
}
}
Example:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::tuple<int, char> items{ 1, 'a' };
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
});
std::cout << "---\n";
for_each(items, [](const auto& item) {
std::cout << item << "\n";
return false;
});
}
Output:
1
a
---
1
You need to use template metaprogramming, here shown with Boost.Tuple:
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <iostream>
template <typename T_Tuple, size_t size>
struct print_tuple_helper {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,size-1>::print( s, t ) << boost::get<size-1>( t );
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
struct print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,0> {
static std::ostream & print( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & ) {
return s;
}
};
template <typename T_Tuple>
std::ostream & print_tuple( std::ostream & s, const T_Tuple & t ) {
return print_tuple_helper<T_Tuple,boost::tuples::length<T_Tuple>::value>::print( s, t );
}
int main() {
const boost::tuple<int,char,float,char,double> t( 0, ' ', 2.5f, '\n', 3.1416 );
print_tuple( std::cout, t );
return 0;
}
In C++0x, you can write print_tuple() as a variadic template function instead.
First define some index helpers:
template <size_t ...I>
struct index_sequence {};
template <size_t N, size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence : public make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, I...> {};
template <size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence<0, I...> : public index_sequence<I...> {};
With your function you would like to apply on each tuple element:
template <typename T>
/* ... */ foo(T t) { /* ... */ }
you can write:
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
/* ... */ do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
std::tie(foo(std::get<I>(ts)) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
/* ... */ do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
return do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
Or if foo returns void, use
std::tie((foo(std::get<I>(ts)), 1) ... );
Note: On C++14 make_index_sequence is already defined (http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/integer_sequence).
If you do need a left-to-right evaluation order, consider something like this:
template <typename T, typename ...R>
void do_foo_iter(T t, R ...r) {
foo(t);
do_foo(r...);
}
void do_foo_iter() {}
template<typename ...T, size_t ...I>
void do_foo_helper(std::tuple<T...> &ts, index_sequence<I...>) {
do_foo_iter(std::get<I>(ts) ...);
}
template <typename ...T>
void do_foo(std::tuple<T...> &ts) {
do_foo_helper(ts, make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
}
If you want to use std::tuple and you have C++ compiler which supports variadic templates, try code bellow (tested with g++4.5). This should be the answer to your question.
#include <tuple>
// ------------- UTILITY---------------
template<int...> struct index_tuple{};
template<int I, typename IndexTuple, typename... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl;
template<int I, int... Indexes, typename T, typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...>, T, Types...>
{
typedef typename make_indexes_impl<I + 1, index_tuple<Indexes..., I>, Types...>::type type;
};
template<int I, int... Indexes>
struct make_indexes_impl<I, index_tuple<Indexes...> >
{
typedef index_tuple<Indexes...> type;
};
template<typename ... Types>
struct make_indexes : make_indexes_impl<0, index_tuple<>, Types...>
{};
// ----------- FOR EACH -----------------
template<typename Func, typename Last>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, Last&& last)
{
f(last);
}
template<typename Func, typename First, typename ... Rest>
void for_each_impl(Func&& f, First&& first, Rest&&...rest)
{
f(first);
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), rest...);
}
template<typename Func, int ... Indexes, typename ... Args>
void for_each_helper( Func&& f, index_tuple<Indexes...>, std::tuple<Args...>&& tup)
{
for_each_impl( std::forward<Func>(f), std::forward<Args>(std::get<Indexes>(tup))...);
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
template<typename Func, typename ... Args>
void for_each( std::tuple<Args...>&& tup, Func&& f)
{
for_each_helper(std::forward<Func>(f),
typename make_indexes<Args...>::type(),
std::forward<std::tuple<Args...>>(tup) );
}
boost::fusion is another option, but it requires its own tuple type: boost::fusion::tuple. Lets better stick to the standard! Here is a test:
#include <iostream>
// ---------- FUNCTOR ----------
struct Functor
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(T& t) const { std::cout << t << std::endl; }
};
int main()
{
for_each( std::make_tuple(2, 0.6, 'c'), Functor() );
return 0;
}
the power of variadic templates!
In MSVC STL there's a _For_each_tuple_element function (not documented):
#include <tuple>
// ...
std::tuple<int, char, float> values{};
std::_For_each_tuple_element(values, [](auto&& value)
{
// process 'value'
});
Another option would be to implement iterators for tuples. This has the advantage that you can use a variety of algorithms provided by the standard library and range-based for loops. An elegant approach to this is explained here https://foonathan.net/2017/03/tuple-iterator/. The basic idea is to turn tuples into a range with begin() and end() methods to provide iterators. The iterator itself returns a std::variant<...> which can then be visited using std::visit.
Here some examples:
auto t = std::tuple{ 1, 2.f, 3.0 };
auto r = to_range(t);
for(auto v : r)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 1;
}), v);
}
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
x = 0;
}), v);
});
std::accumulate(begin(r), end(r), 0.0, [](auto acc, auto v)
{
return acc + std::visit(unwrap([](auto& x)
{
return static_cast<double>(x);
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(unwrap([](const auto& x)
{
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}), v);
});
std::for_each(begin(r), end(r), [](auto v)
{
std::visit(overload(
[](int x) { std::cout << "int" << std::endl; },
[](float x) { std::cout << "float" << std::endl; },
[](double x) { std::cout << "double" << std::endl; }), v);
});
My implementation (which is heavily based on the explanations in the link above):
#ifndef TUPLE_RANGE_H
#define TUPLE_RANGE_H
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include <variant>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename Accessor>
class tuple_iterator
{
public:
tuple_iterator(Accessor acc, const int idx)
: acc_(acc), index_(idx)
{
}
tuple_iterator operator++()
{
++index_;
return *this;
}
template<typename T>
bool operator ==(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ == other.index();
}
template<typename T>
bool operator !=(tuple_iterator<T> other)
{
return index_ != other.index();
}
auto operator*() { return std::invoke(acc_, index_); }
[[nodiscard]] int index() const { return index_; }
private:
const Accessor acc_;
int index_;
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
struct tuple_access
{
using tuple_type = std::tuple<Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst, const tuple_type&, tuple_type&>;
template<typename T>
using element_ref = std::conditional_t<IsConst,
std::reference_wrapper<const T>,
std::reference_wrapper<T>>;
using variant_type = std::variant<element_ref<Ts>...>;
using function_type = variant_type(*)(tuple_ref);
using table_type = std::array<function_type, sizeof...(Ts)>;
private:
template<size_t Index>
static constexpr function_type create_accessor()
{
return { [](tuple_ref t) -> variant_type
{
if constexpr (IsConst)
return std::cref(std::get<Index>(t));
else
return std::ref(std::get<Index>(t));
} };
}
template<size_t...Is>
static constexpr table_type create_table(std::index_sequence<Is...>)
{
return { create_accessor<Is>()... };
}
public:
static constexpr auto table = create_table(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
class tuple_range
{
public:
using tuple_access_type = tuple_access<IsConst, Ts...>;
using tuple_ref = typename tuple_access_type::tuple_ref;
static constexpr auto tuple_size = sizeof...(Ts);
explicit tuple_range(tuple_ref tuple)
: tuple_(tuple)
{
}
[[nodiscard]] auto begin() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), 0 };
}
[[nodiscard]] auto end() const
{
return tuple_iterator{ create_accessor(), tuple_size };
}
private:
tuple_ref tuple_;
auto create_accessor() const
{
return [this](int idx)
{
return std::invoke(tuple_access_type::table[idx], tuple_);
};
}
};
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto begin(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.begin();
}
template<bool IsConst, typename...Ts>
auto end(const tuple_range<IsConst, Ts...>& r)
{
return r.end();
}
template <class ... Fs>
struct overload : Fs... {
explicit overload(Fs&&... fs) : Fs{ fs }... {}
using Fs::operator()...;
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
template<class T>
auto operator()(std::reference_wrapper<const T> ref)
{
return (*this)(ref.get());
}
};
template <class F>
struct unwrap : overload<F>
{
explicit unwrap(F&& f) : overload<F>{ std::forward<F>(f) } {}
using overload<F>::operator();
};
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<false, Ts...>{t};
}
template<typename...Ts>
auto to_range(const std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
return tuple_range<true, Ts...>{t};
}
#endif
Read-only access is also supported by passing a const std::tuple<>& to to_range().
Others have mentioned some well-designed third-party libraries that you may turn to. However, if you are using C++ without those third-party libraries, the following code may help.
namespace detail {
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I, class = void>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction& f) {
f(std::get<I>(std::forward<Tuple>(tp)));
for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I + 1u>::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
}
};
template <class Tuple, std::size_t I>
struct for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, I, typename std::enable_if<
I == std::tuple_size<typename std::decay<Tuple>::type>::value>::type> {
template <class UnaryFunction>
static void apply(Tuple&&, UnaryFunction&) {}
};
} // namespace detail
template <class Tuple, class UnaryFunction>
UnaryFunction for_each_in_tuple(Tuple&& tp, UnaryFunction f) {
detail::for_each_in_tuple_helper<Tuple, 0u>
::apply(std::forward<Tuple>(tp), f);
return std::move(f);
}
Note: The code compiles with any compiler supporing C++11, and it keeps consistency with design of the standard library:
The tuple need not be std::tuple, and instead may be anything that supports std::get and std::tuple_size; in particular, std::array and std::pair may be used;
The tuple may be a reference type or cv-qualified;
It has similar behavior as std::for_each, and returns the input UnaryFunction;
For C++14 (or laster version) users, typename std::enable_if<T>::type and typename std::decay<T>::type could be replaced with their simplified version, std::enable_if_t<T> and std::decay_t<T>;
For C++17 (or laster version) users, std::tuple_size<T>::value could be replaced with its simplified version, std::tuple_size_v<T>.
For C++20 (or laster version) users, the SFINAE feature could be implemented with the Concepts.
Using constexpr and if constexpr(C++17) this is fairly simple and straight forward:
template <std::size_t I = 0, typename ... Ts>
void print(std::tuple<Ts...> tup) {
if constexpr (I == sizeof...(Ts)) {
return;
} else {
std::cout << std::get<I>(tup) << ' ';
print<I+1>(tup);
}
}
I might have missed this train, but this will be here for future reference.
Here's my construct based on this answer and on this gist:
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<std::size_t N>
struct tuple_functor
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t i, T&& t, F&& f)
{
const std::size_t I = (N - 1);
switch(i)
{
case I:
std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<I>(std::forward<T>(t)));
break;
default:
tuple_functor<I>::run(i, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_functor<0>
{
template<typename T, typename F>
static void run(std::size_t, T, F){}
};
You then use it as follow:
template<typename... T>
void logger(std::string format, T... args) //behaves like C#'s String.Format()
{
auto tp = std::forward_as_tuple(args...);
auto fc = [](const auto& t){std::cout << t;};
/* ... */
std::size_t some_index = ...
tuple_functor<sizeof...(T)>::run(some_index, tp, fc);
/* ... */
}
There could be room for improvements.
As per OP's code, it would become this:
const std::size_t num = sizeof...(T);
auto my_tuple = std::forward_as_tuple(t...);
auto do_sth = [](const auto& elem){/* ... */};
for(int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
tuple_functor<num>::run(i, my_tuple, do_sth);
Of all the answers I've seen here, here and here, I liked #sigidagi's way of iterating best. Unfortunately, his answer is very verbose which in my opinion obscures the inherent clarity.
This is my version of his solution which is more concise and works with std::tuple, std::pair and std::array.
template<typename UnaryFunction>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction)
{}
/**
* Invoke the unary function with each of the arguments in turn.
*/
template<typename UnaryFunction, typename Arg0, typename... Args>
void invoke_with_arg(UnaryFunction f, Arg0&& a0, Args&&... as)
{
f(std::forward<Arg0>(a0));
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), std::forward<Args>(as)...);
}
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction, std::size_t... Indices>
void for_each_helper(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f, std::index_sequence<Indices...>)
{
using std::get;
invoke_with_arg(std::move(f), get<Indices>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
}
/**
* Invoke the unary function for each of the elements of the tuple.
*/
template<typename Tuple, typename UnaryFunction>
void for_each(Tuple&& t, UnaryFunction f)
{
using size = std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<Tuple>::type>;
for_each_helper(
std::forward<Tuple>(t),
std::move(f),
std::make_index_sequence<size::value>()
);
}
Demo: coliru
C++14's std::make_index_sequence can be implemented for C++11.
Expanding on #Stypox answer, we can make their solution more generic (C++17 onward). By adding a callable function argument:
template<size_t I = 0, typename... Tp, typename F>
void for_each_apply(std::tuple<Tp...>& t, F &&f) {
f(std::get<I>(t));
if constexpr(I+1 != sizeof...(Tp)) {
for_each_apply<I+1>(t, std::forward<F>(f));
}
}
Then, we need a strategy to visit each type.
Let start with some helpers (first two taken from cppreference):
template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
template<class ... Ts> struct variant_ref { using type = std::variant<std::reference_wrapper<Ts>...>; };
variant_ref is used to allow tuples' state to be modified.
Usage:
std::tuple<Foo, Bar, Foo> tuples;
for_each_apply(tuples,
[](variant_ref<Foo, Bar>::type &&v) {
std::visit(overloaded {
[](Foo &arg) { arg.foo(); },
[](Bar const &arg) { arg.bar(); },
}, v);
});
Result:
Foo0
Bar
Foo0
Foo1
Bar
Foo1
For completeness, here are my Bar & Foo:
struct Foo {
void foo() {std::cout << "Foo" << i++ << std::endl;}
int i = 0;
};
struct Bar {
void bar() const {std::cout << "Bar" << std::endl;}
};
I have stumbled on the same problem for iterating over a tuple of function objects, so here is one more solution:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
// Function objects
class A
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "A\n"; };
};
class B
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "B\n"; };
};
class C
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "C\n"; };
};
class D
{
public:
inline void operator()() const { std::cout << "D\n"; };
};
// Call iterator using recursion.
template<typename Fobjects, int N = 0>
struct call_functors
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
std::get<N>(funcs)();
// Choose either the stopper or descend further,
// depending if N + 1 < size of the tuple.
using caller = std::conditional_t
<
N + 1 < std::tuple_size_v<Fobjects>,
call_functors<Fobjects, N + 1>,
call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
>;
caller::apply(funcs);
}
};
// Stopper.
template<typename Fobjects>
struct call_functors<Fobjects, -1>
{
static void apply(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
}
};
// Call dispatch function.
template<typename Fobjects>
void call(Fobjects const& funcs)
{
call_functors<Fobjects>::apply(funcs);
};
using namespace std;
int main()
{
using Tuple = tuple<A,B,C,D>;
Tuple functors = {A{}, B{}, C{}, D{}};
call(functors);
return 0;
}
Output:
A
B
C
D
There're many great answers, but for some reason most of them don't consider returning the results of applying f to our tuple...
or did I overlook it? Anyway, here's yet another way you can do that:
Doing Foreach with style (debatable)
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
t | foreach([](auto v){ std::cout << v << " "; });
And returning from that:
auto t = std::make_tuple(1, "two", 3.f);
auto sizes = t | foreach([](auto v) {
return sizeof(v);
});
sizes | foreach([](auto v) {
std::cout << v;
});
Implementation (pretty simple one)
Edit: it gets a little messier.
I won't include some metaprogramming boilerplate here, for it will definitely make things less readable and besides, I believe those have already been answered somewhere on stackoverflow.
In case you're feeling lazy, feel free to peek into my github repo for implementation of both
#include <utility>
// Optional includes, if you don't want to implement it by hand or google it
// you can find it in the repo (link below)
#include "typesystem/typelist.hpp"
// used to check if all return types are void,
// making it a special case
// (and, alas, not using constexpr-if
// for the sake of being compatible with C++14...)
template <bool Cond, typename T, typename F>
using select = typename std::conditional<Cond, T, F>::type;
template <typename F>
struct elementwise_apply {
F f;
};
template <typename F>
constexpr auto foreach(F && f) -> elementwise_apply<F> { return {std::forward<F>(f)}; }
template <typename R>
struct tuple_map {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr decltype(auto) impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
return R{ std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) )... };
}
};
template<>
struct tuple_map<void> {
template <typename F, typename T, size_t... Is>
static constexpr void impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, F && f, T&& tuple) {
[[maybe_unused]] std::initializer_list<int> _ {((void)std::forward<F>(f)( std::get<Is>(tuple) ), 0)... };
}
};
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> & t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> const& t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = check if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )..." types are void, since then it's a special case
// e.g. core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts const&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, t);
}
template <typename F, typename... Ts>
constexpr decltype(auto) operator| (std::tuple<Ts...> && t, fmap<F> && op) {
constexpr bool all_void = core::Types<decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()) )...>.all( core::is_void );
using R = meta::select<all_void, void, std::tuple<decltype(std::move(op).f(std::declval<Ts&&>()))...>>;
return tuple_map<R>::impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{}, std::move(op).f, std::move(t));
}
Yeah, that would be much nicer if we were to use C++17
This is also an example of std::moving object's members, for which I'll better refer to this nice brief article
P.S. If you're stuck checking if all "decltype( std::move(op).f(std::declval()) )..." types are void
you can find some metaprogramming library, or, if those libraries seem too hard to grasp (which some of them may be due to some crazy metaprogramming tricks), you know where to look
template <typename F, typename T>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
do_(tuple, index_);
return index_;
}
template <typename F, typename T, typename U, typename... Types>
static constexpr size_t
foreach_in_tuple(std::tuple<T,U,Types...> & tuple, F && do_, size_t index_ = 0)
{
if(!do_(tuple, index_))
return index_;
auto & next_tuple = reinterpret_cast<std::tuple<U,Types...> &>(tuple);
return foreach_in_tuple(next_tuple, std::forward<F>(do_), index_+1);
}
int main()
{
using namespace std;
auto tup = make_tuple(1, 2.3f, 'G', "hello");
foreach_in_tuple(tup, [](auto & tuple, size_t i)
{
auto & value = std::get<0>(tuple);
std::cout << i << " " << value << std::endl;
// if(i >= 2) return false; // break;
return true; // continue
});
}
Here is a solution based on std::interger_sequence.
As I don't know if my_tuple is constructed from std::make_tuple<T>(T &&...) in your code. It's essential for how to construct std::integer_sequence in the solution below.
(1) if your already have a my_tuple outside your function(not using template<typename ...T>), You can use
[](auto my_tuple)
{
[&my_tuple]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(my_tuple) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<decltype(my_tuple)>>{});
}(std::make_tuple());
(2) if your havn't constructed my_tuple in your function and want to handle your T ...arguments
[]<typename ...T>(T... args)
{
[&args...]<typename N, N... n>(std::integer_sequence<N, n...> int_seq)
{
((std::cout << std::get<n>(std::forward_as_tuple(args...)) << '\n'), ...);
}(std::index_sequence_for<T...>{});
}();
boost's tuple provides helper functions get_head() and get_tail() so your helper functions may look like this:
inline void call_do_sth(const null_type&) {};
template <class H, class T>
inline void call_do_sth(cons<H, T>& x) { x.get_head().do_sth(); call_do_sth(x.get_tail()); }
as described in here http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_34_0/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_advanced_interface.html
with std::tuple it should be similar.
Actually, unfortunately std::tuple does not seem to provide such interface, so methods suggested before should work, or you would need to switch to boost::tuple which has other benefits (like io operators already provided). Though there is downside of boost::tuple with gcc - it does not accept variadic templates yet, but that may be already fixed as I do not have latest version of boost installed on my machine.
Suppose I have a std::tuple made up of types like
struct A {
static void tip();
};
struct B {
static void tip();
};
struct Z {
};
std::tuple<const A&,const B&,const Z&> tpl;
Yes, I need separate A, B. (The implementation of ::tip() differs for each type.) What I try to implement is a type-sensitive "visitor" that iterates through the tuple starting from the beginning to the end. Upon visiting a particular element of type T a function should be called depending on whether T has the ::tip() method or not. In the simple example of above only A and B have ::tip() implemented and Z not. So, the iterator should call twice the function for types with the ::tip() method and once the other function.
Here is what I came up with:
template< int N , bool end >
struct TupleIter
{
template< typename T , typename... Ts >
typename std::enable_if< std::is_function< typename T::tip >::value , void >::type
static Iter( const T& dummy , const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl ) {
std::cout << "tip\n";
std::get<N>(tpl); // do the work
TupleIter<N+1,sizeof...(Ts) == N+1>::Iter( std::get<N+1>(tpl) , tpl );
}
template< typename T , typename... Ts >
typename std::enable_if< ! std::is_function< typename T::tip >::value , void >::type
static Iter( const T& dummy , const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl ) {
std::cout << "no tip\n";
std::get<N>(tpl); // do the work
TupleIter<N+1,sizeof...(Ts) == N+1>::Iter( std::get<N+1>(tpl) , tpl );
}
};
template< int N >
struct TupleIter<N,true>
{
template< typename T , typename... Ts >
static void Iter( const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl ) {
std::cout << "end\n";
}
};
I use a dummy instance of the type of the element at the iterator position and decide via enable_if which function to call. Unfortunately this doesn't work/isn't a nice solution:
The compiler complains about recursive instantiation
The const T& dummy is not a clean solution
I was wondering if enable_if is the right strategy to do the decision and how can one recursively iterate through the std::tuple capturing the first type and keeping all the remaining arguments in vital state. Read through How to split a tuple? but it doesn't do any decision.
How can one implement such a thing in a correct and portable way in C++11?
Well, it was harder than I expected, but this works.
Some things you were doing wrong/that I modified:
You can't evaluate this: std::is_function< typename T::tip >::value, since T::tip is not a type. Even if this could be evaluated, what would happen when T::tip does not exist? Substitution would still fail.
Since you use const references as your tuple's inner types, you had to clean them before trying to find the tip member inside them. By cleaning I mean removing const and removing the reference.
That dummy type stuff was not a good idea, there was no need to use that parameter. You can achieve the same thing using std::tuple_element, which retrieves the i-th type from a tuple.
I modified TupleIter's template parameters to the following, which means:
"TupleIter that processes the index-th type, inside a tuple of size n".
template<size_t index, size_t n>
struct TupleIter;
The whole code is this:
#include <tuple>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
struct A {
static void tip();
};
struct B {
static void tip();
};
struct Z {
};
// Indicates whether the template parameter contains a static member named tip.
template<class T>
struct has_tip {
template<class U>
static char test(decltype(&U::tip));
template<class U>
static float test(...);
static const bool value = sizeof(test<typename std::decay<T>::type>(0)) == sizeof(char);
};
// Indicates whether the n-th type contains a tip static member
template<size_t n, typename... Ts>
struct nth_type_has_tip {
static const bool value = has_tip<typename std::tuple_element<n, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type>::value;
};
// Generic iteration
template<size_t index, size_t n>
struct TupleIter
{
template< typename... Ts >
typename std::enable_if< nth_type_has_tip<index, Ts...>::value , void >::type
static Iter(const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl)
{
std::cout << "tip\n";
TupleIter<index + 1, n>::Iter(tpl );
}
template< typename... Ts >
typename std::enable_if< !nth_type_has_tip<index, Ts...>::value , void >::type
static Iter(const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl) {
std::cout << "no tip\n";
TupleIter<index + 1, n>::Iter(tpl );
}
};
// Base class, we've reached the tuple end
template<size_t n>
struct TupleIter<n, n>
{
template<typename... Ts >
static void Iter( const std::tuple<Ts...>& tpl ) {
std::cout << "end\n";
}
};
// Helper function that forwards the first call to TupleIter<>::Iter
template<typename... Ts>
void iterate(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tup) {
TupleIter<0, sizeof...(Ts)>::Iter(tup);
}
int main() {
A a;
B b;
Z z;
std::tuple<const A&,const B&,const Z&> tup(a,b,z);
iterate(tup);
}
Here is another take on the question, very similar to mfontanini answer, but showcasing:
boost::fusion::for_each (instead of manually iterate over the tuple).
A variant for implementing has_type using an expression-based SFINAE approach, that I feel a little bit simpler to follow than the usual sizeof trick.
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/boost_tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/algorithm.hpp>
#include <iostream>
struct nat // not a type
{
private:
nat();
nat(const nat&);
nat& operator=(const nat&);
~nat();
};
template <typename T>
struct has_tip
{
static auto has_tip_imp(...) -> nat;
template <typename U>
static auto has_tip_imp(U&&) -> decltype(U::tip());
typedef decltype(has_tip_imp(std::declval<T>())) type;
static const bool value = !std::is_same<type, nat>::value;
};
struct CallTip
{
template<typename T>
typename std::enable_if<has_tip<T>::value>::type
operator()(T& t) const
{
std::cout << "tip\n";
T::tip();
}
template<typename T>
typename std::enable_if<!has_tip<T>::value>::type
operator()(T& t) const
{
std::cout << "no tip\n";
return;
}
};
struct A {
static void tip(){}
};
struct B {
static void tip(){}
};
struct Z {
};
int main()
{
A a;
B b;
Z z;
boost::tuple<const A&,const B&,const Z&> tpl(a, b, z);
boost::fusion::for_each(tpl, CallTip());
}
Note that if your compiler support variadic template you can use std::tuple instead of boost::tuple inside fusion::for_each by including #include<boost/fusion/adapted/std_tuple.hpp>
Edit :
As pointed by Xeo in the comment, it is possible to simplify a lot the expression-SFINAE approach by removing completely the trait has_tip and simply forward to a little call helper.
The final code is really neat and tight !
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/boost_tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/algorithm.hpp>
#include <iostream>
struct CallTip
{
template<typename T>
void operator()(const T& t) const
{
call(t);
}
template<class T>
static auto call(const T&) -> decltype(T::tip())
{
std::cout << "tip\n";
T::tip();
}
static void call(...)
{
std::cout << "no tip\n";
}
};
struct A {
static void tip(){}
};
struct B {
static void tip(){}
};
struct Z {
};
int main()
{
A a;
B b;
Z z;
boost::tuple<const A&,const B&,const Z&> tpl(a, b, z);
boost::fusion::for_each(tpl, CallTip());
}