I'm trying to build a C++ program that incorporates Cepstral's voice synthesis features. The library was already downloaded on the machine by my predecessor but apparently he never got around to using it. The documentation is pretty much non-existent (there is a single forum that doesn't really have anything helpful). All of their included examples are in C and lack a MakeFile so I'm trying to compile them myself. The little documentation there is simply tells me I need to link to the libswift.so library.
It is a Ubuntu 12.04.5 OS and I tried this compile command
g++ -Wall -g tts.c -o tts -I/opt/swift/include -L/opt/swift/lib -lswift -lm
Which gives this error
/opt/swift/lib/libswift.so: undefined reference to 'sin'
/opt/swift/lib/libswift.so: undefined reference to 'exp'
/opt/swift/lib/libswift.so: undefined reference to 'cos'
/opt/swift/lib/libswift.so: undefined reference to 'log'
/opt/swift/lib/libswift.so: undefined reference to 'pow'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
This seems to indicate that -lm is not properly linking for some reason (I also tried switching the order of m and swift for the same result).
I usually use C++ and have very little C experience. I also frequently use Makefiles or edit previous/provided Makefiles and rarely call g++ itself so it's possible I'm missing something fairly obvious. Thanks.
Related
I have installed the GMP library and try to cross-compile with mingw-w64-posix.
My Library is in /usr/local/lib.
My compile command looks like the following:
x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++-posix src/factorial.cpp -o bin/factorial.win.o -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lgmp -lgmpxx
It throws an undefined reference error:
(I can remove the whole block from -L...., same error. Seems like the library doesnt link for some reason)
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: /tmp/ccxY03WS.o:factorial.cpp:(.text$_ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_S3_[_ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_S3_]+0x27): undefined reference to `__gmpz_mul'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: /tmp/ccxY03WS.o:factorial.cpp:(.text$_ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_l[_ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_l]+0x26): undefined reference to `__gmpz_mul_si'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: /tmp/ccxY03WS.o:factorial.cpp:(.text$_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_E7init_siEl[_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_E7init_siEl]+0x1a): undefined reference to `__gmpz_init_set_si'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: /tmp/ccxY03WS.o:factorial.cpp:(.text$_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_EC1EOS2_[_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_EC1EOS2_]+0x2e): undefined reference to `__gmpz_init'
/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ld: /tmp/ccxY03WS.o:factorial.cpp:(.text$_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_ED1Ev[_ZN10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS1_ED1Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `__gmpz_clear'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
However if i change my compiler to g++ instead everything works fine.
OK -
The link errors (__gmpz_init, __gmpz_clear, etc.) are GMP "internals". They're supposed to come from libgmp, the C-language base library.
The code that's referencing them (.text$ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_S3[ZN23__gmp_binary_multiplies4evalEP12__mpz_structPKS0_S3], etc.) is "name mangled" C++.
I suspect the problem is that your "gmpxx" library was built with a different C++ compiler, that has a different "name mangling" convention than MinGW.
SOLUTION:
Download the complete libGMP source (e.g. from https://gmplib.org/, and rebuild EVERYTHING (including libgmpxx) with your libmingw-w64-posix++ C++ cross-compiler.
ADDENDUM:
I downloaded gmp-6.2.1 source, and found __gmpz_clear here:
gmp-6.2.1\gmp-h.in
#define mpz_clear __gmpz_clear
__GMP_DECLSPEC void mpz_clear (mpz_ptr);
"gmp-h.in" is a template used by the project's "autoconf", to generate the libGMP source files for the specified target environment.
Which, in turn, means:
The project you started out with (in your original question) wasn't configured for MinGW
... and ...
You didn't run "configure" correctly when you tried building from source.
SUGGESTION:
Try building libGMP from source again. DELETE everything, re-extract from the libGMP tarball, and carefully follow the INSTALL instructions:
./configure
make
make check <= VERY IMPORTANT!!
make install
I'm curious about your build environment (Windows? Linux?), compiler (exact MinGW version) and target (if you're building on a Windows workstation, do you want to run your GMP app as a Windows .exe)?
I am relatively new to TCL and I am trying to execute a C++ program using SWIG on Windows 10. Using command prompt. I am not using Visual Studio
I am basically trying to run r_cpp using C++ MinGW from TCL
C:\swigwin-3.0.12\Examples\r\class>swig -c++ -tcl example.i`
C:\swigwin-3.0.12\Examples\r\class>g++ -c example.cxx
C:\swigwin-3.0.12\Examples\r\class>g++ -c example_wrap.cxx -I/Tcl/include/tcl8.6
C:\swigwin-3.0.12\Examples\r\class>g++ -shared example.o example_wrap.o -o example.dll
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0x981): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_ResetResult'`example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0x995): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_SetObjResult'`example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0x9b9): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_SetErrorCode'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0x9cf): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_ResetResult'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0x9f3): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_SetErrorCode
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0xa1e): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_AppendResult'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.cxx:(.text+0xa3c): undefined reference to `_imp__Tcl_NewStringObj'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Can someone please help me on this??
Should I make changes to my Makefile.in in the folder?????
Its been a while since I've done C but I would think that you are not linking in the static/shared library that has the functions that g++ is complaining about. In this case the tcl library something like libTclXX.dll. I'm not too familiar with command lines on windows but something like -llibtclXX.dll -L path_to_tcllib could be added. If I recall correctly tcl does provide a stub library for you to link staticially your extension then at runtime the shared library can be use to resolve the functions... so something like -llibtclstubs.dll . look in your installed lib directory for actual names of these libraries.
I installed GtkD from AUR, and now I'm trying to compile this tutorial code. Both for compiling GtkD itself and the tutorial code, I'm using GDC 4.9.1.
I attempted to compile the code as follows (hello.d is the file name):
gdc -Wall -Werror -Wdeprecated -Wunknown-pragmas -g -m64 `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtkd-2` -O3 -frelease -o hello
But when I try that, I get this:
/tmp/ccxejYOB.o: In function `_Dmain':
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:23: undefined reference to `_D3gtk4Main4Main4initFKAAyaZv'
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:24: undefined reference to `_D3gtk10MainWindow10MainWindow7__ClassZ'
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:24: undefined reference to `_D3gtk10MainWindow10MainWindow6__ctorMFAyaZC3gtk10MainWindow10MainWindow'
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:26: undefined reference to `_D3gtk5Label5Label7__ClassZ'
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:26: undefined reference to `_D3gtk5Label5Label6__ctorMFAyabZC3gtk5Label5Label'
/home/koz/Documents/Programming/D/gtkd/hello.d:28: undefined reference to `_D3gtk4Main4Main3runFZv'
/tmp/ccxejYOB.o:(.data+0x30): undefined reference to `_D3gtk10MainWindow12__ModuleInfoZ'
/tmp/ccxejYOB.o:(.data+0x38): undefined reference to `_D3gtk5Label12__ModuleInfoZ'
/tmp/ccxejYOB.o:(.data+0x40): undefined reference to `_D3gtk4Main12__ModuleInfoZ'
/tmp/ccxejYOB.o:(.data._D67TypeInfo_S3std8typecons35__T6scopedTC5cairo7Context7ContextZ6Scoped6__initZ[_D67TypeInfo_S3std8typecons35__T6scopedTC5cairo7Context7ContextZ6Scoped6__initZ]+0x58): undefined reference to `_D3std8typecons35__T6scopedTC5cairo7Context7ContextZ6Scoped6__dtorMFZv'
I have no clue what's going on here, and would appreciate all the help possible.
GtkD in the AUR is compiled using DMD. ABI compatibility between DMD and GDC binaries is not guaranteed and linking may fail as in your case. (Linking may also succeed and you get runtime problems). To troubleshoot the issue, you can try using DMD and see if that solves your issue.
Anyway, I would recommend using dub and gtk-d library from the dub registry. Dub will take care of the compilation of your source code and gtk-d's code and linking them together. And it will enable you to use any compiler easily.
If you don't want to use dub, you can also download gtk-d and build it yourself using GDC.
everyone
Recently, I'm working on stereo vision. And I download the StereoMatch code from middlebury website: http://vision.middlebury.edu/stereo/code/
I used Ubuntu 11.10 to run this code. After I run this code, I got the following error. There are 3 'undefined reference to ' error. But the code has already included the header file 'MinFilter.h'. And I get confused. Could someone help me? I would appreciate it.
errors:
StcAggregate.o: In function CStereoMatcher::AggrMin()':
StcAggregate.cpp:(.text+0x20f): undefined reference tovoid MinFilter(CImageOf&, CImageOf&, int, int)'
StcEvaluate.o: In function _ZL14PartialShuffle8CImageOfIhERS0_S1_f.constprop.2':
StcEvaluate.cpp:(.text+0x37): undefined reference tovoid MinFilter(CImageOf&, CImageOf&, int, int)'
StcEvaluate.cpp:(.text+0x5b): undefined reference to `void MaxFilter(CImageOf&, CImageOf&, int, int)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: * [StereoMatch] Error 1
This is an error from the linker (and/or runtime environment) which cannot find some symbols (i.e. code) which the header files you've included promised to exist. In order for these symbols to be found, you must tell the linker to link against the library (or object file) containing them. This library may have come with the code pre-compiled or may have been made during installation. Have you not got a README file where it is explained how to use (i.e. link and run) the code?
I met exactly the same problem and solved it like this:
Open the Makefile and change the first line from
CPPFLAGS = -O2 -Wall
to
CPPFLAGS = -O -Wall
Then "make clean" and "make", it works for me. So I guess it is because param
"-O2" does more optimization than expected.
I am using MinGW compiler on Windows to compile my C++ application with sockets. My command for linking looks like:
g++.exe -Wall -Wno-long-long -pedantic -lwsock32 -o dist/Windows/piskvorky { there are a lot of object files }
and I have also tried
g++.exe -Wall -Wno-long-long -pedantic -lws2_32 -o dist/Windows/piskvorky { there are a lot of object files }
but in both case I get this error:
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0x33): undefined reference to `closesocket#4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0xd0): undefined reference to `send#16'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0x1ee): undefined reference to `recv#16'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x184): undefined reference to `WSAStartup#8'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1a5): undefined reference to `closesocket#4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1cb): undefined reference to `closesocket#4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1d3): undefined reference to `WSACleanup#0'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x6fe): undefined reference to `bind#12'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x724): undefined reference to `listen#8'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x7f0): undefined reference to `gethostbyaddr#12'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x83c): undefined reference to `socket#12'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x86f): undefined reference to `htons#4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x8b5): undefined reference to `connect#12'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x9c6): undefined reference to `accept#12'
Do you have any ideas where the problem can be, please?
Put the -lws2_32 AFTER the list of object files - GCC searches libraries and object files in the order they appear on the command line.
Just to help the other viewers out there:
gcc hello.c -o hello.o -lws2_32
With MinGW on eclipse:
Menu >> Project >> Properties >> C/C++ Build >> Settings: Register "Tool Settings" - MinGW C Linker - Miscellaneous: Lower Part "other objects"
Add: "D:\Programmierung\mingw\lib\libwsock32.a" for example. No other entries for libwsock32.a on any other properties required, especially not in Library-entries. Also no flags relating to this Lib.
In:
Menu - Project - Properties - c/c++Build - Settings: Register "Tool Settings" - MinGW C++ Linker - Miscellaneous: Lower Part "other objects"
Add: libwsock32.a from bin folder of MinGW.
Greetings I just went through the problem above....
So here are some observations first off....
I know you are refering to MinGw, but you may need cygwin to get around this, I don't know mingw that well, I know cygwin better. But I know that they are cousins of each other.
Cygwin comes with the precompiled boost libraries, but who knows of which version they are. I'm sure it's possible to check, but who has time to do that right? I do not link against cygwin boost libraries, or the mingw boost libraries, I built boost from scratch using gcc on windows (cygwin). The compile did fine.
At the time of this writing boost is on version 1.47.0 I beleive.
Already that fact that cygwin uses version (x?) and boost is 1.47.0 could be a major issue. Make you know what you are using in the way of boost.
I was using code developed on boost 1.42, and had related linker errors. The code compiled, headers were found, etc..etc... but then I got the undefined reference to WSA etc...etc...opensocket this, close socket that, etc....
So, apparantly boost, in order to do network sockets, requires a platform library, in which was found in the form of ws2_32 for windows, and socket for linux for sure.
So if you are properly using boost, and including the correct boost system libraries, you may also need an OS specific library to access some resources (networking in this case).
Linker errors dissappear after that. It's probably obvious to boost veterans what's going on here, but I was unable to find a clear answer via google.