I am building an application which makes use of a third party library which requires libstdc++.so.5. Until recently I was compiling my application with libstdc++.so.6 which worked fine, however it had some portability issues.
Therefore I decided installing g++ version 3.3.4 in order to be capable of compiling my application with libstdc++.so.5. However now I cannot compile my application at all. Neither with my old g++ nor with the 3.3.4 Version of it... Building the application reports the following error message:
/opt/ExPansion/lib/libexpansion.so: undefined reference to `std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::basic_istream(std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >*)#GLIBCPP_3.2'
EDIT:
Interesting might also be the output of the following commands:
$ strings /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 | grep 'LIB'
GLIBCPP_3.2
GLIBCPP_3.2.1
GLIBCPP_3.2.2
GLIBCPP_3.2.3
GLIBCPP_3.2.4
GLIBC_2.0
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.1.3
GLIBC_2.1
GLIBC_2.2
GLIBCPP_FORCE_NEW
The only thing that makes me wonder is the following:
$ nm /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5
nm: /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5: no symbols
Is that "normal"? Is it possible that my lib is not containing the needed symbols? I downloaded this lib through:
yum install compat-libstdc++-33
..so it shouldn't be causing any problems..
From my understanding #GLIBCPP_3.2 is provided by my libstdc++.so.5. So what could be going wrong here?
I have no idea what causes my linker not finding the lib on its own...
The following question helped me however find a "workaround" to my problem: how to force linker to use shared library instead of static library?
Simply forcing my linker to link against the library helped..
gcc -o app app.o {other libs} /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5
Related
I would like to run a model is written Fortran90 under Ubuntu 14.04. I use gfortran 95 compiler (gfortran 4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6). The required netCDF libraries (netCDF C and Fortran netCDF) are installed as suggested in: http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/. The netcdf is built as shared library so libnetcdf.so and libnetcff.so files there are in the library directory. The libgfortran3 4.8.2-19ubuntu1 is installed for GNU fortran application linked against the shared library.
The LDFLAGS is set in the compiler_options.inc file by the following way:
INCDF=-I$(NCPATH)/include
LNCDF=-L$(NCPATH)/lib -lnetcdff -lnetcdf
LDFLAGS=$(INCDF) $(LNCDF)
When I compile the model I get the following messages:
/home/Beata/kid_a_setup/src/test_cases_2d.f90:1446: undefined reference to `_gfortran_runtime_error_at
Could someone explain me what causes the error and how I can fix it?
undefined reference to _gfortran_runtime_error_at means that the libgfortran library has not been found.
Either your system is misconfigured (can you compile, link and run a "Hello, world" program using gfortran?), or you are using the gcc command for linking instead of gfortran for linking. gcc does not know about the libgfortran library, where _gfortran_runtime_error_at is defined.
Linking with gmock(1.4+svn281) libs generated on a Linux machine "A", having GCC 3.4.6 using libstdc++.so.6.0.13 gives me the following linking error:
libgmock.so: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream >& std::__ostream_insert >(std::basic_ostream >&, char const*, long)#GLIBCXX_3.4.9'
...
I tried also with the latest gmock release version and also got the undefined reference to... #GLIBCXX_3.4.9 errors (this time with other symbols).
Building gmock using the same build procedure, however on another machine "B" (retired machine now, but previously used to generate the older binaries) I was able to link successfully. The machine uses GCC 3.4.6, with a different libstdc++ version: libstdc++.so.6.0.3.
Grepping on libstdc++.so.6.0.13 for GLIBCXX_3.4.9 shows that it contains such symbol patterns:
_ZNSt13basic_ostreamIwSt1##GLIBCXX_3.4.9 (referencing GLIBCXX_3.4.9, hence the error). I verified that this is not the case for libstdc++.so.6.0.3
To understand the linking error and what are my options, I read about libstdc++ and glibcxx to get some perspective, but couldn't conclude the relation between the libs: Does libstdc++ need glibcxx or is it the other way around (the error message makes it seem that the problem is: at glibcxx there is an undefined reference to a symbol in libstdc++)?
Does libstdc++ implicitly link with glibcxx (knowing that libstdc++ can reference multiple glibcxx versions at a time)?
I don't want to go back to the old machine to build gmock whenever I want to update the libs, am I constrained to building gmock with specific libstdc++ versions that work?
Appreciate any help on the issue
EDIT:
I built gmock libs on machine "A" and specified the version of libstdc++: libstdc++.so.6.0.3 and got the same errors as before, but this time without the #GLIBCXX_3.4.9 appended at the end of the symbol:
libgmock.so: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream >& std::__ostream_insert >(std::basic_ostream >&, char const*, long)'
...
I also verified that libstdc++.so.6.0.3 was actually taken, by launching the command: "readelf -a libgmock.so" and verifying that GLIBCXX_3.4.9 was not referenced.
To understand the linking error and what are my options, I read about libstdc++ and glibcxx to get some perspective, but couldn't conclude the relation between the libs: Does libstdc++ need glibcxx
There is no such thing as glibcxx library. The libstdc++.so uses GNU symbol versioning, and uses GLIBCXX symbol prefix. The whole GLIBCXX is implementation detail of libstdc++ itself.
Your actual problem, and possible solutions, is explained here.
Effectively, you can not expect a binary linked on a newer Linux system to work on an older one.
Update
after using -ldl and link liblua.a in Project 2(console) the compile is okay, but when it runs it crashed with error Segment fault (core dumped) as soon as it runs a Lua function.
Problem Background:
OS: Linux Ubuntu
IDE: CodeBlock
Launguage: C++
2 project:
Project 1: static lib using Lua;
Project 2: console application, using the lib generated by Project 1
Problem description
Project 1 (static lib) is built successfully.
The problem is that when building project 2, it says that those Lua functions in the lib from project 1 are undefined, here is part of the error messages:
g++ -o bin/Release/BattleConsoleCB obj/Release/main.o -s
../BattleConsole/libBattleCore.a
../BattleConsole/libBattleCore.a(DataLoader.o):
In function `boolDataLoader::GetNumber<double>(char const*, double&) [clone .isra.5]':
DataLoader.cpp:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `lua_settop'
DataLoader.cpp:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `lua_getglobal'
DataLoader.cpp:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `lua_isnumber'
DataLoader.cpp:(.text+0x3e): undefined reference to `lua_tonumberx'
DataLoader.cpp:(.text+0x51): undefined reference to `lua_settop'
Note that "DataLoader.cpp" is from project 1, which should have been built in the static lib "libBattleCore.a" which should have been embedded with Lua.
How to solve the problem? Thanks for your help.
Additional information:
Project 2 should include: "libBattleCore.h", "main.cpp", libBattleCore.a
Project 1 : CodeBlockbuilding options have included "Lua/install/include" in Compile search directory and "Lua/install/lib" in Link search directory
The same code is successfully built and run on Win with VS2012
If anything else is needed, please inform, I will add it.
I am a green hand on linux and g++. :-(
Thank you
I can't comment without 50 rep. There is no support for anonymous replies. So posting here is all I can do.
It's been a few years, but with g++, I thought it was .o files that you listed on the command line and with libraries you used -L to specify the directory to search and then -lname to include the library. (Where name lacked the leading lib and trailing .a.) E.g. -L../BattleConsole -lBattleCore
Oh, and the ordering of -lfoo -lbar vs -lbar -lfoo is critical, determining which library can use code from the other.
It's not clear that a static library will necessary include code from other libraries. You may need to link (in the right order) against the libraries from project1.
Try "nm". As in nm --demangle libBattleCore.a | grep ... This will let you see what precisely is included in each library. man nm or http://linux.die.net/man/1/nm can help you figure out what the letters stand for. For example, U is Undefined (used by not provided). T is defined in the text (code) segment. W and V are weakly-defined. Etc.
I am getting undefined reference to 'mysql_suchandsuch##' messages when trying to link my program with the MySQL libraries supplied with the 5.5 server. When MySQL was installed, I used the default path, which for me on Windows is C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\. Originally, I had thought that the spaces are causing my grief, but I think I've correctly worked out how to point to the library path without spaces (still with no luck). If there's another probable cause, please let me know.
I have reviewed a series of questions on this site trying to resolve my issue...
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Using mingw/g++, I have tried to link using the following options, based on my own research as well as suggestions here:
-L"C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\lib\" -llibmysql.lib
-L"C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\lib\" -lmysqlclient.lib
-L"C:\Progra~1\MySQL\MySQLS~1.5\lib\" -llibmysql.lib
-LC:\Progra~1\MySQL\MySQLS~1.5\lib\ -lmysqlclient.lib
-L"C:\Progra~1\MySQL\MySQLS~1.5\lib\" -lmysql
In all cases, I have put the -L/-l options at the right-most part of the statement, as I understand this can matter.
I have confirmed the libraries do exist. In the /lib dir, I have libmysql.lib, mysqlclient.lib, and libmysql.dll. I have not tried to link with the .dll, as no tutorial/forum I've reviewed suggested that.
I am not using MAKEFILES.
Does anyone have specific experience with g++/MySQL?
The following commands work fine for me using a GCC 4.6.1 from November 2011:
g++ my.cpp -I D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\include ^
D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\lib\libmysql.dll -o myWithDll.exe
g++ my.cpp -I D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\include ^
-L D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\lib -lmysql -o myWithLib.exe
So both linking against the LIB and the DLL do work.
You may get a warning (see Gaffi's comment). This is because the linker does fuzzy linking for you without you having it specified; normally, it would have failed to link. It is being nice, though, and making it work for you, at the same time warning you about things happening without your having requested them. The way to suppress the warning is to make fuzzy linking explicit:
g++ -Wl,--enable-stdcall-fixup my.cpp -I D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\include ^
D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\lib\libmysql.dll -o myWithDll.exe
g++ -Wl,--enable-stdcall-fixup my.cpp -I D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\include ^
-L D:\Opt\MySQL5.5\lib -lmysql -o myWithLib.exe
This is a Cygwin/RedHat/MinGW extension to the linker; the docs are here:
--enable-stdcall-fixup
--disable-stdcall-fixup
If the link[er] finds a symbol that it cannot resolve, it will attempt to
do “fuzzy linking” by looking for another defined symbol that differs
only in the format of the symbol name (cdecl vs stdcall) and will
resolve that symbol by linking to the match. For example, the
undefined symbol _foo might be linked to the function _foo#12, or the
undefined symbol _bar#16 might be linked to the function _bar. When
the linker does this, it prints a warning, since it normally should
have failed to link, but sometimes import libraries generated from
third-party dlls may need this feature to be usable. If you specify
--enable-stdcall-fixup, this feature is fully enabled and warnings
are not printed. If you specify --disable-stdcall-fixup, this feature is
disabled and such mismatches are considered to be errors. [This option
is specific to the i386 PE targeted port of the linker]
did you try -lmysql as the linker automatically prepends lib and appends .lib
I'm trying to create a program that uses some of the code from WebKit/GTK+. Specifically, I want to load a string, use WebKit's parser to construct a DOM tree and then iterate over that tree.
I'm trying to use a class called HTMLDocument. WebKit/GTK+ doesn't expose this as part of its API and I'm running into some trouble linking against it.
I'm able to build WebKit/GTK+ normally, which gives me a file called: libwebkit-1.0.so. My program is:
#include <iostream>
#include <WebCore/config.h>
#include <WebCore/html/HTMLDocument.h>
using namespace WebCore;
int main() {
String title = "test";
RefPtr<HTMLDocument> d = HTMLDocument::create(0);
d->open();
d->write("<!doctype html><html><head><title>" + title + "</title></head><body></body></html>");
}
This compiles fine (I'm using the same include directives used by webkit to build), but results in linking errors.
...test_doc.cpp:18: undefined reference to `WebCore::String::String(char const*)'
...test_doc.cpp:21: undefined reference to WebCore::Document::open(WebCore::Document*)'
...(similar for every function I use)
If I run:
nm -C .libs/libwebkit-1.0.so | grep 'WebCore::Document::open'
I see:
003b1830 T WebCore::Document::open(WebCore::Document*)
which seems to indicate that the function is available. I have a reasonable amount of C++ experience, but not much experience with linking files under Linux.
I'm not expecting this exact problem to be solved, but I'm hoping someone can correct me if I have conceptual problems. My main question is why I see "undefined reference" errors when I'm linking with an .so file that lists that function as being defined. Is another file or build step needed?
Thank you very much.
Using:
Ubuntu 9.10
g++ 4.4.1
g++ is invoked with:
g++ --debug -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. `pkg-config --cflags libsoup-2.4` \
-DBUILDING_CAIRO__=1 -DBUILDING_GTK__=1 -DWTF_CHANGES -DWTF_USE_ICU_UNICODE=1 \
-DNDEBUG -I./WebCore -I./WebCore/accessibility -I./WebCore/bindings/js \
-I./WebCore/bridge -I./WebCore/bridge/c -I./WebCore/css -I./WebCore/dom \
...many more webkit include directories...
-DDATA_DIR=\"/usr/local/share\" \
test_doc.cpp -o test_doc.out \
./webkit-1.1.15.3/.libs/libwebkit-1.0.so
(I get the same result with -L/path/to/lib -lwebkit-1.0)
I think you might be running into an ordering problem: man g++ specifies that the order of the -l option is significant, and from memory the linker will only look for symbols in objects which have preceeded the current file on the command line.
I suspect what is happening is that the linker is trying to link test_doc before it's seen libwebkit-1.0.so, so it hasn't seen any of those symbols yet and bails.
You should use the -L/path/to/web and -lwebkit-1.0.
Also, I would compile your .cpp file in to a .o and then build your executable separately to make sure things are isolated.
Anyway, you may need to set your $LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to include the path where that .so is stored. If you link to a shared library, you will need that library at run-time. Therefore, you do not want to have your webkit SO stored in its build directory (build/.libs). You want to install it. If you are not root, then you should ./configure with a --prefix=/some/path to install it to some local directory. Alternatively, you can link against the static library. One way to do this is to use the -bstatic (or similar) flag before your -lwebkit-1.0.
This is a good resource for Linux library creation and use.
I think you're issue is that the symbols you need are not exported. You can do objdump --dynamic-syms libwebkit-1.0.so to see which symbols are available. In the WebKit GTK build files there is use of the -fvisibility=hidden flag to restrict the symbols. Check your generated GNUMakefile and you'll see SYMBOL_VISIBILITY = -fvisibility=hidden. You should be able to modify the build files to get what you need.