I want to cout my string, everything works as it should, but when the string is shown, it immediately shows me the "example_4578.exe has stopped running" error. I have noticed that the problem is in the i < str[32].length part, because when I change it to i < 3, it works without any problem. How should I solve this?
std::string str[32];
cin >> str[1];
cout << "str[1]=" << str[1] << endl;
cin >> str[2];
cout << "str[2]=" << str[2] << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < str[32].length; i++)
{
cout << str[i];
}
EDIT 1.
I've made a huge mistake. I actually want to find the "number" of elements/words in "str". In my example, I have only designed two cins. But I actually want to design a "for" loop later on, so that the user can input as many words as he wants, so if he inputs 4 words, I want that code to return those number of words to me. How should I do this? In other words, how can I find out how many elements are in "str"?
Couple of things:
C++ is 0-indexed. What this means is that std::string str[32] has indices that go from 0 to 31, and str[32] should not be accessed. This will cause a crash.
str[31].length() (which is presumably what you wanted) is the length of the last string, not the length of the array. The length of the array is 32, and your loop should read for(int i = 0; i < 32; i++).
The main problem is that you are accessing an element (number 32) that is out of the bounds (0 - 31). To solve this problem and not repeat it again in the future use a range-for loop:
std::string str[32];
for (auto s : str)
std::cout << s;
str[32].length is not what you think.
I guess you meant somthing like: length of a 32-elements array. Right?
What you've written is pointer to funciton length of 33rd element of array.
This is because the types are:
std::string str[32]; // `str` is 32-element array of `std::strings`
str[32]; // `std::string` taken from 33rd position in array `str` (arrays' indexing starts at 0)
std::string has a member function named size_t std::string::length(). When referenced by name, you get its address.
To achieve what you wanted, you'd need to write:
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
cout << str[i];
}
Unfortunately, plain arrays don't have length (or anything similar) built in. So, you'd either need to use a constant, or (better) use a container, such as std::vector.
Related
This is my first time asking something on stackoverflow, so I'm sorry if I fail in any aspect of building the topic etc...
So I'm a newbie at C++, I'm still at the beginning. I'm using a guide someone recommended me, and I'm stuck in a exercise which is about char and strings.
It's the following: They ask me to create a function that says the number of times that a certain word was repeated on a string.
I'll leave my code below for someone who can help me, if possible dont give me an obvious response like the code and then I just copy paste it. If you can just give me some hints on how to do it, I want to try to solve it on my own. Have a good night everyone.
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX 50
using namespace std;
int times_occ(string s, string k) {
int count = 0, i = 0;
char word[sizeof(s)];
// while (s[i] == k[i])
// {
// i++;
// if (s[i] == '\0')
// {
// break;
// }
// }
for (i = 0; i <= sizeof(s); i++) {
if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\0') {
break;
}
word[i] = s[i];
}
word[i] = '\0';
for (i = 0; i <= sizeof(k); i++) {
if (word) {
if (k[i] == word[a]) {
a++;
count++;
}
}
}
cout << word << endl;
cout << count << endl; // this was supposed to count the number of times
// certain word was said in a string.
return count;
}
int main() {
char phrase[MAX];
char phrase1[MAX];
cin.getline(phrase, MAX);
cin.getline(phrase, MAX);
times_occ(phrase, phrase1);
}
Okay, first of all, the way you've used sizeof isn't really valid.
sizeof won't tell you the length of a string. For that, you want std::string::size() instead.
In this case, std::string is an object of some class, and sizeof will tell you the size of an object of that class. Every object of that type will yield the same size, regardless of the length of the string.
For example, consider code like this:
std::string foo("123456789");
std::string bar("12345");
std::cout << sizeof(foo) << "\t" << foo.size() << "\n";
std::cout << sizeof(bar) << "\t" << bar.size() << "\n";
When I run this, I get output like this:
8 9
8 5
So on this implementation, sizeof(string) is always 8, but some_string.size() tells us the actual length of the string.
So, that should at least be enough to get you started moving in a useful direction.
As #JerryCoffin mentioned, your word array has an invalid size. But - I want to make a more fundamental point:
Your code has two loops and a bunch of variables with arbitrary names. How should I know what's the difference between s and k? I even get k and i mixed up in the sense of forgetting that k is a string, not an integer. That kind of code difficult to read, and to debug. And we are a bit lazy and don't like debugging other people's code...
I suggest that you:
Have a very clear idea what your loops do, or what the different parts of your function do.
Create small self-contained functions - no more than one loop each please! - for each of those parts.
Use meaningful names for each function's parameters and for the local variables.
And then, if your program doesn't work - try debugging one function at a time.
I want to know the horizontal size of my 2D char array. I found strlen() for that, but it works only with a simple char array. With 2D it doesn't work. Any idea? Thanks for the answers!
char m[3][4];
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
m[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
cout << "CHAR Matrix: " << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
cout << "[" << m[i][j] << "]";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Sizeof matrix -> " << sizeof(m) << "B" << endl;
cout << "Length of Matrix strlen(m[0]): " << strlen(m[0]) << endl;
The problem is that ,,strlen(m[0]),, gives me 18. How could i get 4?
You have a few things going on. Some of the comments above help, but let's go over it.
First, if you're using C++ and you're holding strings, you should use std::string. However, your problem indicates you're just learning, so let's stick to old-school C.
What you have allocated is a 2-dimensional array of single characters. That is, you are storing in total 12 characters of data.
In C (or C++) strings are null-terminated. That is, if you store as a string "Hi", it's actually 3 characters, not two. H, I, and a zero byte that indicates the end of the string.
strlen simply counts the number of characters until the zero byte. So in my example, 2.
You don't have any 0-bytes in your array, so strlen counts until it hits a zero due to some other reason -- completely outside your array. Yikes!
So... It's a mistake to use the string methods (strlen, strdup, etc) when dealing with single characters.
Now, the safest thing would be to use a vector of std::string, as others have suggested. However, I am a firm believer in understanding the basics before taking shortcuts, and that's a shortcut.
So if what you really want is 3 strings, but you want to use old-school C, then you should actually have a 1-dimensional array of char *.
char *m[3];
m[0] = "Hello";
m[1] = "there";
m[2] = "everyone";
It would be REALLY weird to store strings the way you have, and it's considered quite dangerous to use fixed-length character buffers for holding strings. This is where the infamous buffer overrun exploits come from, the most common exploits in old school web applications.
Alternatively, you could modify your example. make m[3][5], and store a zero-byte in each row after the end of your strings. strlen() will start to work. But it's really kind of ugly.
I have 2 files in msg format. msg format is not important here.
car.msg
int speed;
int width;
cararr.msg
car mycar[];
I want to print all the information about all the cars that are present but I have no clue about the number of cars present(how big is the array) so I use the following technique to print the information.
so I do this:
cararr* ptr2car;
for(int i=0;mycar[i] != '\0'; i++){
cout << ptr2car->mycar[i].speed <<endl;
cout << ptr2car->mycar[i].width <<endl;
}
Despite this, I am receiving errors. I do not know what did I do wrong. I have no clue what approach should I use to get this output. please Help
Also why should I take a pointer to cararr, when I can just take an instance of cararr inst2car and do something like this:
cararr inst2car;
for(int i=0;mycar[i] != '\0'; i++){
cout << inst2car.mycar[i].speed <<endl;
cout << inst2car.mycar[i].width <<endl;
}
thanks
In general you need to know exactly what's at the end of the array. You need some sort of sentinel value to use as a delimiter to indicate the end of the array.
'\0' used in c strings is an example of such delimiter.
You need to ensure the last element in the array is such delimiter and check for it in the condition.
It's hard to give you more specific answer with such generic question.
For example, if you knew the last element will have speed -1, you can use that:
for(int i=0;mycar[i].speed != -1; i++) {
Write a program to input a series of 12 integers from the keyboard and store them in a one-dimensional array, x[12], then displayed them on the computer screen in reverse order.
I have a basic understanding that:
My numbers in the array will go from {0 to 11}
I am using a for loop (which I don't currently know how to do)
Now... How do I write this program?
You would do this:
loop from 0 to 11 using a for loop (for(size_t i = 0; i < 12; i++))
for each i, std::cin into the item at index i std::cin >> array[i];
To print them out you can use a while loop with i--. It will stop when i is zero and it will be backwards.
Because this is a homework question, I won't give you the full code but I hope this answer helps.
Learn about loops: while for do, while etcetera and you just might find the solution that you have been looking for
Example:
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){
cout << i;
}
Since you know the quantity of numbers, you could insert them into the array in reverse order:
cin >> x[11]; cin >> x[10]; cin >> x[09]; //...
Next you would display the array in normal order:
cout << x[0]; cout << x[1]; cin << x[02]; //...
Since I didn't use a for loop, that's not going to help, is it?
The key concept is the 3rd parameter of the for loop, which can control the direction of a loop.
Let us investigate some examples:
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {cout << i << endl; }
The above loop skips items because the variable is incremented by 2. That is 2 is added to index variable. This shows that loops don't always have to use ++.
So, what would happen if the index were set to the end value and then subtracted each time?
for (int i = 10; i >= 0; i -= 2) {cout << i << endl;}
This is for you to figure out.
Now, you will need to either ask questions in class, ask the professor after class or get a book that you will read and can understand easily (in addition to the one you have).
What i'm trying to do is create a template array class that will store values of a data type into an array. I have it working fine with int values, however working with string objects things start to break down.
I've taken out the block of code and tried it on it's own and I do get the same error. I'm sure I've learnt this, and I'm almost positive that the answer is something simple, trying to wrap my head around the pace in which we're learning c++ is a little crazy at times!
My best guess right now, is that I would need to tokenize the string and look for spaces. I tend to over think things though which lead to more confusion - thus me seeking out a answer here!
The code:
// Test String: Hello World this is a String Object
int stringSize = 7;
int count = 0;
string s[stringSize];
cout << "\nEnter " << stringSize << " one-word string values:\n";
while (count < stringSize) {
string tmpVal;
cin >> tmpVal;
s[count] = tmpVal;
count ++;
}
string s[stringSize]; is illegal because stringSize is not a constant. You must either use dynamic memory (i.e. string* s = new string [stringSize];), include stringsize as a template argument (don't do this, it doesn't actually solve the problem), use a fixed size value, or use an existing structure (I'd suggest vector, as in Bill's answer). The code below works fine on my compiler:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int stringSize = 7;
int count = 0;
string* s = new string [stringSize];
cout << "\nEnter " << stringSize << " one-word string values:\n";
while (count < stringSize) {
string tmpVal;
cin >> tmpVal;
s[count] = tmpVal;
count ++;
}
delete[] s;
}
I am a little confused as to exactly what you're looking for, but I suggest looking into the standard library.
Perhaps something like:
list<string> s;
and then, in the loop use push_back.
I am also confused what is your actual question, because your code works. However, FWIW, I would suggest the following. The changes are: (1) use of const (already suggested by others), (2) use of size_t, (3) change of variable name stringSize to numStrings (because of this I was confused at first glance), and (4) avoiding string copy.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const size_t numStrings = 7;
size_t count = 0;
string s[ numStrings ];
cout << "\nEnter " << numStrings << " one-word string values:\n";
while (count < numStrings) {
cin >> s[ count ];
count++;
}
return 0;
}
Why not read in the entire line, then find all spaces and using the substr method, split the string?
You will need the following methods:
getline()
find_first_of()
substr()
Also, searching around this site for splitting strings in c++ will give you a lot of tips.
First of all, the size of your array should be constant:
const int stringSize = 7;
Secondly, as dbrien said, you should use std::vector unless you're doing this for the learning experience:
std::string tmpVal;
std::vector<std::string> s;
cout << "\nEnter " << stringSize << " one-word string values:\n";
while (cin >> tmpVal)
{
s.push_back(tmpVal);
}
First, the array dimension must be constant, so it should be const int stringsize = 7; Also, I would suggest using std::vector rather than std::list, additionally What was the error?
Not sure what error you're getting, but this is wrong because you need to use a constant integral value to allocate arrays on the stack.. Change:
int stringSize = 7;
int count = 0;
string s[stringSize];
... to:
const int stringSize = 7;
int count = 0;
string s[stringSize];
You can and probably should also use a vector instead of using C-style arrays, or trying to hand roll your own templated array class:
vector<string> s;
const int stringSize = 7;
cout << "\nEnter " << stringSize << " one-word string values:\n";
while (s.size() < stringSize) {
string tmpVal;
cin >> tmpVal;
s.push_back(tmpVal);
}
So it turns out it was the compiler. I was using xCode and getting:
cin_cout(7307) malloc: *** error for object 0x1000072c0: pointer being freed was not allocated
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
Running the same block in Visual c++ seemed to be ok... Sorry for my stupidity and thanks kindly for all the quick feedback!