How can I solve the errors in this DirectX code? - c++

Question

First thing first, I am not that good in programming yet, so forgive me if I cant solve trivial problems. I want to display a basic screen in a window, so I made a framework for it from 3 diferrent sources, cause I wanted to write it from step to step to fully understand it. But still, I am getting this 3 errors and I dont know how to solve them. Thanking you in advance of you help.
The first code:
#ifndef WINAPPFRAME_H
#define WINAPPFRAME_H
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include <string>
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx10.lib")
#define Release(x) { if(x){ x->Release(); x = 0; } }
#ifndef HR
#define HR(x) (x)
#endif
class D3Dwap
{
public:
D3Dwap(HINSTANCE hInstance);
~D3Dwap();
HINSTANCE AppInst()const;
HWND MainWnd()const;
bool Initialize();
int Run();
void Draw();
static LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
protected:
bool InitMainWindow();
bool InitDirect3D();
protected:
HINSTANCE hD3DwapInst;
HWND hMainWnd;
ID3D11Device* D3Dwap_device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* D3Dwap_dev_context;
IDXGISwapChain* D3Dwap_SwapChain;
ID3D11Texture2D* D3Dwap_DepthStencilBuffer;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* D3Dwap_RenderTargetView;
ID3D11DepthStencilView* D3Dwap_DepthStencilView;
D3D11_VIEWPORT D3Dwap_ScreenViewport;
ID3D11Texture2D* backBuffer;
std::wstring MainWndCaption;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE d3dDriverType;
int ScreenWidth;
int ScreenHeight;
};
D3Dwap* d3dwapl = 0;
#endif
The second part:
#include "WinAppFrame.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
return d3dwapl->MsgProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
D3Dwap::D3Dwap(HINSTANCE hInstance):
hD3DwapInst(hInstance),
MainWndCaption(L"Engine 2.0"),
d3dDriverType(D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE),
ScreenWidth(800),
ScreenHeight(600),
hMainWnd(0),
D3Dwap_device(0),
D3Dwap_dev_context(0),
D3Dwap_SwapChain(0) {}
D3Dwap::~D3Dwap()
{
Release(D3Dwap_SwapChain);
if( D3Dwap_dev_context )
D3Dwap_dev_context->ClearState(); //Ha még aktív az ezköz tartalma, törli azt
Release(D3Dwap_dev_context);
Release(D3Dwap_device);
}
HINSTANCE D3Dwap::AppInst()const
{
return hD3DwapInst;
}
HWND D3Dwap::MainWnd()const
{
return hMainWnd;
}
int D3Dwap::Run()
{
MSG msg;
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
Draw();
}
return msg.wParam;
}
bool D3Dwap::Initialize()
{
if(!InitMainWindow())
return false;
if(!InitDirect3D())
return false;
return true;
}
LRESULT D3Dwap::MsgProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
bool D3Dwap::InitMainWindow()
{
WNDCLASSEX wc;
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hD3DwapInst;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH);
wc.lpszClassName = L"D3Dwap_test";
if( !RegisterClassEx(&wc) )
{
MessageBox(0, L"Az ablakot nem sikerült regisztrálni", 0, 0);
return false;
}
RECT Rect = { 0, 0, ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight };
AdjustWindowRect(&Rect, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, false);
int width = Rect.right - Rect.left;
int height = Rect.bottom - Rect.top;
hMainWnd = CreateWindow (L"D3Dwap_test",
MainWndCaption.c_str(),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
width,
height,
0,
0,
hD3DwapInst,
0);
if( !hMainWnd )
{
MessageBox(0, L"Az ablakot nem sikerült létrehozni!", 0, 0);
return false;
}
ShowWindow(hMainWnd, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hMainWnd);
return true;
}
bool D3Dwap::InitDirect3D()
{
UINT create_D3Dwap_device_flags = 0;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featurelevel;
HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDevice(0,
d3dDriverType,
0,
create_D3Dwap_device_flags = 0,
0,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&D3Dwap_device,
&featurelevel,
&D3Dwap_dev_context);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
MessageBox(0, L"A D3D11 eszközt nem sikerült létrehozni!", 0, 0);
return false;
}
if( featurelevel != D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0 )
{
MessageBox(0, L"A DirectX 11.0 a hardware által nem támogatott!", 0, 0);
return false;
}
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
sd.BufferDesc.Width = ScreenWidth;
sd.BufferDesc.Height = ScreenHeight;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
sd.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
sd.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
sd.BufferCount = 1;
sd.OutputWindow = hMainWnd;
sd.Windowed = true;
sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
sd.Flags = 0;
IDXGIDevice* dxgiDevice = 0;
if(FAILED(HR(D3Dwap_device->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice), (void**)&dxgiDevice))))
{
return false;
}
IDXGIAdapter* dxgiAdapter = 0;
if(FAILED(HR(dxgiDevice->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIAdapter), (void**)&dxgiAdapter))))
{
return false;
}
IDXGIFactory* dxgiFactory = 0;
if(FAILED(HR(dxgiAdapter->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&dxgiFactory))))
{
return false;
}
HR(dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(D3Dwap_device, &sd, &D3Dwap_SwapChain));
ID3D11Texture2D* backBuffer;
if(FAILED(HR(D3Dwap_SwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&backBuffer)))))
{
return false;
}
if(FAILED(HR(D3Dwap_device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer, 0, &D3Dwap_RenderTargetView))))
{
return false;
}
Release(backBuffer);
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc;
depthStencilDesc.Width = ScreenWidth;
depthStencilDesc.Height = ScreenHeight;
depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
if(FAILED(HR(D3Dwap_device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, 0, &D3Dwap_DepthStencilBuffer))))
{
return false;
}
if(FAILED(HR(D3Dwap_device->CreateDepthStencilView(D3Dwap_DepthStencilBuffer, 0, &D3Dwap_DepthStencilView))))
{
return false;
}
D3Dwap_dev_context->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &D3Dwap_RenderTargetView, D3Dwap_DepthStencilView);
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.TopLeftX = 0;
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.TopLeftY = 0;
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.Width = static_cast<float>(ScreenWidth);
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.Height = static_cast<float>(ScreenHeight);
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
D3Dwap_ScreenViewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
D3Dwap_dev_context->RSSetViewports(1, &D3Dwap_ScreenViewport);
Release(dxgiDevice);
Release(dxgiAdapter);
Release(dxgiFactory);
return true;
}
and the third code:
#include "WinAppFrame.h"
class InitDirect3Dwap : public D3Dwap
{
public:
InitDirect3Dwap(HINSTANCE hInstance);
~InitDirect3Dwap();
bool Initialize();
void UpdateScene(float dt);
void Draw();
};
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance,
PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd)
{
// Enable run-time memory check for debug builds.
#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
_CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
#endif
InitDirect3Dwap theApp(hInstance);
if( !theApp.Initialize() )
return 0;
return theApp.Run();
}
InitDirect3Dwap::InitDirect3Dwap(HINSTANCE hInstance)
: D3Dwap(hInstance)
{
}
InitDirect3Dwap::~InitDirect3Dwap()
{
}
bool InitDirect3Dwap::Initialize()
{
if(!D3Dwap::Initialize())
return false;
return true;
}
void InitDirect3Dwap::UpdateScene(float dt)
{
}
void InitDirect3Dwap::Draw()
{
D3Dwap_dev_context->ClearRenderTargetView(D3Dwap_RenderTargetView, D3DXCOLOR(0.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f, 1.0f));
D3Dwap_dev_context->ClearDepthStencilView(D3Dwap_DepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH|D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0);
HR(D3Dwap_SwapChain->Present(0, 0));
}
1st: Error 29 error LNK2005: "class D3Dwap * d3dwapl" (?d3dwapl##3PAVD3Dwap##A) already defined in main.obj C:\Users\Seraph\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\Engine_2.0\Engine_2.0\WinAppFrame.obj Engine_2.0
2nd: Error 30 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall D3Dwap::Draw(void)" (?Draw#D3Dwap##QAEXXZ) referenced in function "public: int __thiscall D3Dwap::Run(void)" (?Run#D3Dwap##QAEHXZ) C:\Users\Seraph\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\Engine_2.0\Engine_2.0\WinAppFrame.obj Engine_2.0
3rd: Error 31 error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals C:\Users\Seraph\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\Engine_2.0\Debug\Engine_2.0.exe 1 1 Engine_2.0

Answer 1

You include "WinAppFrame.h" twice which makes a class defined there to duplicate. A common solution to this issue is to put
#pragma once
at the beginning of you WinAppFrame.h file.
Then, you declare a method Draw in class D3Dwap but there's no definition in a corresponding .cpp file.