HI I am trying to exract some data from a text file in perl. My file looks like this
Name:John
FirstName:Smith
Name:Alice
FirstName:Meyers
....
I want my string to look like John Smith and Alice Meyers
I tried something like this but I'm stuck and I don't know how to continue
while (<INPUT>) {
if (/^[Name]/) {
$match =~ /(:)(.*?)(\n) /
$string = $string.$2;
}
if (/^[FirstName]/) {
$match =~ /(:)(.*?)(\n)/
$string = $string.$2;
}
}
What I try to do is that when I match Name or FirstName to copy to content between : and \n but I get confused which is $1 and $2
This will put you first and last names in a hash:
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
open my $in, '<', 'in.txt';
my (%data, $names, $firstname);
while(<$in>){
chomp;
($names) = /Name:(.*)/ if /^Name/;
($firstname) = /FirstName:(.*)/ if /^FirstName/;
$data{$names} = $firstname;
}
print Dumper \%data;
Through perl one-liner,
$ perl -0777 -pe 's/(?m).*?Name:([^\n]*)\nFirstName:([^\n]*).*/\1 \2/g' file
John Smith
Alice Meyers
while (<INPUT>) {
/^([A-Za-z])+\:\s*(.*)$/;
if ($1 eq 'Name') {
$surname = $2;
} elsif ($1 eq 'FirstName') {
$completeName = $2 . " " . $surname;
} else {
/* Error */
}
}
You might want to add some error handling, e.g. make sure that a Name is always followed by a FirstName and so on.
$1 $2 $3 .. $N , it's the capture result of () inside regex.
If you do something like that , you cant avoid using $1 like variables.
my ($matched1,$matched2) = $text =~ /(.*):(.*)/
my $names = [];
my $name = '';
while(my $row = <>){
$row =~ /:(.*)/;
$name = $name.' '.$1;
push(#$names,$name) if $name =~ / /;
$name = '' if $name =~ / /;
}
`while(<>){
}
`
open (FH,'abc.txt');
my(%hash,#array);
map{$_=~s/.*?://g;chomp($_);push(#array,$_)} <FH>;
%hash=#array;
print Dumper \%hash;
Related
I am trying to glob files from a directory and print out regexp matches,
Trying to match
<110>
*everything here*
<120>
My matches would be
SCHALLY, ANDREW V.
CAI, REN ZHI
ZARANDI, MARTA
However when i try to split this by newline and join using "|", I am not getting the desired output that is
Applicant : SCHALLY, ANDREW V. | CAI, REN ZHI | ZARANDI, MARTA
My current output is only
| ZARANDI, MARTA
Can someone see any obvious mistakes?
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use IO::Handle;
open (my $fh, '>', '../logfile.txt') || die "can't open logfile.txt";
open (STDERR, ">>&=", $fh) || die "can't redirect STDERR";
$fh->autoflush(1);
my $input_path = "../input/";
my $output_path = "../output/";
my $whole_file;
opendir INPUTDIR, $input_path or die "Cannot find dir $input_path : $!";
my #input_files = readdir INPUTDIR;
closedir INPUTDIR;
foreach my $input_file (#input_files)
{
$whole_file = &getfile($input_path.$input_file);
if ($whole_file){
$whole_file =~ /[<][1][1][0][>](.*)[<][1][2][0][>]/s ;
if ($1){
my $applicant_string = "Applicant : $1";
my $op = join( "|", split("\n", $applicant_string) );
print $op;
}
}
}
close $fh;
sub getfile {
my $filename = shift;
open F, "< $filename " or die "Could not open $filename : $!" ;
local $/ = undef;
my $contents = <F>;
close F;
return $contents;
}
EDIT 1
I Ran Code on a single file
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use IO::Handle;
my $input_file = "01.txt-WO13_090919_PD_20130620";
my $input_path = "../input/";
my $whole_file = &getfile($input_path.$input_file);
if ($whole_file =~ /[<][1][1][0][>](.*)[<][1][2][0][>]/s ) {
print $1;
my #split_string = split("\n", $1);
my $new_string = join("|", #split_string) ;
print "$new_string \n";
}
sub getfile {
my $filename = shift;
open F, "< $filename " or die "Could not open $filename : $!" ;
local $/ = undef;
my $contents = <F>;
close F;
return $contents;
}
Output
Chen, Guokai
Thomson, James
Hou, Zhonggang
Hou, Zhonggang
Replace
$whole_file =~ /[<][1][1][0][>](.*)[<][1][2][0][>]/s ;
if ($1) {
with
if ($whole_file =~ /[<][1][1][0][>](.+)[<][1][2][0][>]/s) {
The problem with your original code is that $1 is unchanged (i.e. retained from the previous file) if the regexp doesn't match.
If that doesn't solve the problem, then double check and make sure that you have the correct value if $applicant_string. Your join + split line looks correct.
I run your code and get
|SCHALLY, ANDREW V. |CAI, REN ZHI| ZARANDI, MARTA
Which is pretty close. all you need to do is trim whitespace before you join. So replace this
my #split_string = split("\n", $1);
my $new_string = join("|", #split_string) ;
With this:
my #split_string = split("\n", $1);
my #names;
foreach my $name ( #split_string ) {
$name =~ s/^\s*(.*)\s*$/$1/;
next if $name =~ /^$/;
push #names, $name;
}
my $new_string = join("|", #names);
#pts is correct, the regex capture variables do not get reset to UNDEF
upon a negative match, looks like they retain their last value.
So his solution should work for you. Use the if ( $whole_file =~ // ) {} form.
Beyond that, you could clean up the operation a little by doing something like this
use strict;
use warnings;
$/ = undef;
my $whole_file = <DATA>;
if ( $whole_file =~ /[<][1][1][0][>](.*)[<][1][2][0][>]/s )
{
my $applicant_string = $1;
$applicant_string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
my $op = "Applicant : " . join( " | ", split( /\s*\r?\n\s*/, $applicant_string) );
print $op;
}
__DATA__
<110>
SCHALLY, ANDREW V.
CAI, REN ZHI
ZARANDI, MARTA
<120>
Output:
Applicant : SCHALLY, ANDREW V. | CAI, REN ZHI | ZARANDI, MARTA
I am trying to write a perl script that get all strings that is does not start and end with a single quote. And a string cannot be a part of comment # and each line in DATA is not necessary at the beginning of a line.
use warnings;
use strict;
my $file;
{
local $/ = undef;
$file = <DATA>;
};
my #strings = $file =~ /(?:[^']).*(?:[^'])/g;
print join ("\n",#strings);
__DATA__
my $string = 'This is string1';
"This is string2"
# comment : "This is string3"
print "This is comment syntax #"."This is string4";
I am getting no where with this regex.
The expected output is
"This is a string2"
"This is comment syntax #"
"This is string 4"
Obviously this is only an exercise, as there are been many students asking about this problem lately. Regex's will only ever get you part of the way there, as there will pretty much always be edge cases.
The following code is probably good enough for your purposes, but it doesn't even successfully parse itself because of quotes inside a qr{}. You'll have to figure out how to get strings that span lines to work on your own:
use strict;
use warnings;
my $doublequote_re = qr{"(?: (?> [^\\"]+ ) | \\. )*"}x;
my $singlequote_re = qr{'(?: (?> [^\\']+ ) | \\. )*'}x;
my $data = do { local $/; <DATA> };
while ($data =~ m{(#.*|$singlequote_re|$doublequote_re)}g) {
my $match = $1;
if ($match =~ /^#/) {
print "Comment - $match\n";
} elsif ($match =~ /^"/) {
print "Double quote - $match\n";
} elsif ($match =~ /^'/) {
print "Single quote - $match\n";
} else {
die "Carp! something went wrong! <$match>";
}
}
__DATA__
my $string = 'This is string1';
"This is string2"
# comment : "This is string3"
print "This is comment syntax #"."This is string4";
Do not know how to achieve that by using regular expression, so here is a simple hand-written lexer:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
sub extract_string {
my #buf = split //, shift;
while (my $peer = shift #buf) {
if ($peer eq '"') {
my $str = "$peer";
while ($peer = shift #buf) {
$str .= "$peer";
last if $peer eq '"';
}
if ($peer) {
return ($str, join '', #buf);
}
else {
return ("", "");
}
}
elsif ($peer eq '#') {
return ("", "");
}
}
}
my ($str, $buf);
while ($buf = <DATA>) {
chomp $buf;
while (1) {
($str, $buf) = extract_string $buf;
print "$str\n" if $str;
last unless $buf;
}
}
__DATA__
my $string = 'This is string1';
"This is string2"
# comment : "This is string3"
print "This is comment syntax #"."This is string4";
Another option is using Perl module such as PPI.
The problem:
Find pieces of text in a file enclosed by # and replace the inside
Input:
#abc# abc #ABC#
cba #cba CBA#
Deisred output:
абц abc АБЦ
cba цба ЦБА
I have the following:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Encode;
my $output;
open FILE,"<", 'test.txt';
while (<FILE>) {
chomp(my #chars = split(//, $_));
for (#chars) {
my #char;
$_ =~ s/a/chr(0x430)/eg;
$_ =~ s/b/chr(0x431)/eg;
$_ =~ s/c/chr(0x446)/eg;
$_ =~ s/d/chr(0x434)/eg;
$_ =~ s/e/chr(0x435)/eg;
$_ =~ s/A/chr(0x410)/eg;
$_ =~ s/B/chr(0x411)/eg;
$_ =~ s/C/chr(0x426)/eg;
push #char, $_;
$output = join "", #char;
print encode("utf-8",$output);}
print "\n";
}
close FILE;
But I'm stuck on how to process further
Thanks for help in advance!
Kluther
Here my solution. (you will fixed it, yes. It is prototype)
for (my $data = <DATA>){
$data=~s/[#]([\s\w]+)[#]/func($1)/ge;
print $data;
# while($data=~m/[#]([\s\w]+)[#]/g){
# print "marked: ",$1,"\n";
# print "position:", pos();
# }
# print "not marked: ";
}
sub func{
#do your magic here ;)
return "<< #_ >>";
}
__DATA__
#abc# abc #ABC# cba #cba CBA#
What happens here?
First, I read data. You can do it yourself.
for (my $data = <DATA>){...}
Next, I need to search your pattern and replace it.
What should I do?
Use substition operator: s/pattern/replace/
But in interesting form:
s/pattern/func($1)/ge
Key g mean Global Search
Key e mean Evaluate
So, I think, that you need to write your own func function ;)
Maybe better to use transliteration operator: tr/listOfSymbolsToBeReplaced/listOfSymbolsThatBePlacedInstead/
With minimal changes to your algorithm you need to keep track of whether you are inside the #marks or not. so add something like this
my $bConvert = 0;
chomp(my #chars = split(//, $_));
for (#chars) {
my $char = $_;
if (/#/) {
$bConvert = ($bConvert + 1) % 2;
next;
}
elsif ($bConvert) {
$char =~ s/a/chr(0x430)/eg;
$char =~ s/b/chr(0x431)/eg;
$char =~ s/c/chr(0x446)/eg;
$char =~ s/d/chr(0x434)/eg;
$char =~ s/e/chr(0x435)/eg;
$char =~ s/A/chr(0x410)/eg;
$char =~ s/B/chr(0x411)/eg;
$char =~ s/C/chr(0x426)/eg;
}
print encode("utf-8",$char);
}
Try this after $output is processed.
$output =~ s/\#//g;
my #split_output = split(//, $output);
$output = "";
my $len = scalar(#split_output) ;
while ($len--) {
$output .= shift(#split_output);
}
print $output;
It can be done with a single regex and no splitting of the string:
use strict;
use warnings;
use Encode;
my %chars = (
a => chr(0x430),
b => chr(0x431),
c => chr(0x446),
d => chr(0x434),
e => chr(0x435),
A => chr(0x410),
B => chr(0x411),
C => chr(0x426),
);
my $regex = '(' . join ('|', keys %chars) . ')';
while (<DATA>) {
1 while ($_ =~ s|\#(?!\s)[^#]*?\K$regex(?=[^#]*(?!\s)\#)|$chars{$1}|eg);
print encode("utf-8",$_);
}
It does require repeated runs of the regex due to the overlapping nature of the matches.
I am splitting sentences at individual space characters, and then matching these terms against keys of hashes. I am getting matches only if the terms are 100% similar, and I am struggling to find a perfect regex that could match several occurrences of the same word. Eg. Let us consider I have a term 'antagon' now it perfectly matches with the term 'antagon' but fails to match with antagonists, antagonistic or pre-antagonistic, hydro-antagonist etc. Also I need a regex to match occurrences of words like MCF-7 with MCF7 or MC-F7 silencing the effect of special characters and so on.
This is the code that I have till now; thr commented part is where I am struggling.
(Note: Terms in the hash are stemmed to root form of a word).
use warnings;
use strict;
use Drug;
use Stop;
open IN, "sample.txt" or die "cannot find sample";
open OUT, ">sample1.txt" or die "cannot find sample";
while (<IN>) {
chomp $_;
my $flag = 0;
my $line = lc $_;
my #full = ();
if ( $line =~ /<Sentence.*>(.*)<\/Sentence>/i ) {
my $string = $1;
chomp $string;
$string =~ s/,/ , /g;
$string =~ s/\./ \. /g;
$string =~ s/;/ ; /g;
$string =~ s/\(/ ( /g;
$string =~ s/\)/ )/g;
$string =~ s/\:/ : /g;
$string =~ s/\::/ :: )/g;
my #array = split / /, $string;
foreach my $word (#array) {
chomp $word;
if ( $word =~ /\,|\;|\.|\(|\)/g ) {
push( #full, $word );
}
if ( $Stop_words{$word} ) {
push( #full, $word );
}
if ( $Values{$word} ) {
my $term = "<Drug>$word<\/Drug>";
push( #full, $term );
}
else {
push( #full, $word );
}
# if($word=~/.*\Q$Values{$word}\E/i)#Changed this
# {
# $term="<Drug>$word</$Drug>";
# print $term,"\n";
# push(#full,$term);
# }
}
}
my $mod_str = join( " ", #full );
print OUT $mod_str, "\n";
}
I need a regex to match occurances of words like MCF-7 with MCF7 or
MC-F7
The most straightforward approach is just to strip out the hyphenss i.e.
my $ignore_these = "[-_']"
$word =~ s{$ignore_these}{}g;
I am not sure what is stored in your Value hash, so its hard to tell what you expect to happen
if($word=~/.*\Q$Values{$word}\E/i)
However, the kind of thing I imagin you want is (simplified your code somewhat)
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use utf8;
use 5.10.0;
use Data::Dumper;
while (<>) {
chomp $_;
my $flag = 0;
my $line = lc $_;
my #full = ();
if ( $line =~ /<Sentence.*>(.*)<\/Sentence>/i ) {
my $string = $1;
chomp $string;
$string =~ s/([,\.;\(\)\:])/ $1 /g; # squished these together
$string =~ s/\:\:/ :: )/g; # typo in original
my #array = split /\s+/, $string; # split on one /or more/ spaces
foreach my $word (#array) {
chomp $word;
my $term=$word;
my $word_chars = "[\\w\\-_']";
my $word_part = "antagon";
if ($word =~ m{$word_chars*?$word_part$word_chars+}) {
$term="<Drug>$word</Drug>";
}
push(#full,$term); # push
}
}
my $mod_str = join( " ", #full );
say "<Sentence>$mod_str</Sentence>";
}
This gives me the following output, which is my best guess at what you expect:
$ cat tmp.txt
<Sentence>This in antagonizing the antagonist's antagonism pre-antagonistically.</Sentence>
$ cat tmp.txt | perl x.pl
<Sentence>this in <Drug>antagonizing</Drug> the <Drug>antagonist's</Drug> <Drug>antagonism</Drug> <Drug>pre-antagonistically</Drug> .</Sentence>
$
perl -ne '$things{$1}++while s/([^ ;.,!?]*?antagon[^ ;.,!?]++)//;END{print "$_\n" for sort keys %things}' FILENAME
If the file contains the following:
he was an antagonist
antagonize is a verb
why are you antagonizing her?
this is an alpha-antagonist
This will return:
alpha-antagonist
antagonist
antagonize
antagonizing
Below is the a regular (not one-liner) version:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
open my $in, "<", "sample.txt" or die "could not open sample.txt for reading!";
open my $out, ">", "sample1.txt" or die "could not open sample1.txt for writing!";
my %things;
while (<$in>){
$things{$1}++ while s/([^ ;.,!?]*?antagon[^ ;.,!?]++)//
}
print $out "$_\n" for sort keys %things;
You may want to take another look at your assumptions on your approach. What it sounds like to me is that you are looking for words which are within a certain distance of a list of words. Take a look at the Levenshtein distance formula to see if this is something you want. Be aware, however, that computing this might take exponential time.
My code...
$option = "[1]";
if ($option =~ m/^\[\d\]$/) {print "Activated!"; $str=$1;}
I need a way to drop off the square brackets from $option. $str = $1 does not work for some reason. Please advise.
To get $1 to work you need to capture the value inside the brackets using parentheses, i.e:
if ($option =~ m/^\[(\d)\]$/) {print "Activated!"; $str=$1;}
if ($option =~ m/^\[(\d)\]$/) { print "Activated!"; $str=$1; }
Or
if (my ($str) = $option =~ m/^\[(\d)\]$/) { print "Activated!" }
Or
if (my ($str) = $option =~ /(\d)/) { print "Activated!" }
..and a bunch of others. You forgot to capture your match with ()'s.
EDIT:
if ($option =~ /(?<=^\[)\d(?=\]$)/p && (my $str = ${^MATCH})) { print "Activated!" }
Or
my $str;
if ($option =~ /^\[(\d)(?{$str = $^N})\]$/) { print "Activated!" }
Or
if ($option =~ /^\[(\d)\]$/ && ($str = $+)) { print "Activated!" }
For ${^MATCH}, $^N, and $+, perlvar.
I love these questions : )