,,I need to provide an AT command to a modem which looks like this: AT^SRPN=1,99991,"Download_URL","Image";^SMSO
How can I insert the variable download_url and the variable image into the commands string array? Is the right way to declare the commands array not as const and to use strcpy() to insert the two variables into the commands list?
The function at_send_commands() needs the commands list as const.
Function proto: at_resp_t at_send_commands(TickType ticks_to_wait, const char *commands[]);
at_resp_t at_send_download_url_and_image(const char *download_url, const char *image)
{
static const char *commands[] =
{
"AT^SRPN=1,99991,",
download_url,
",",
image,
";^SMSO\r",
NULL
};
at_resp_t err = at_send_commands(AT_TIMEOUT, commands);
if (err)
return err;
}
Try this:
at_resp_t at_send_download_url_and_image(const char *download_url, const char *image)
{
std::string str("AT^SRPN=1,99991,");
str += download_url;
str += ",";
str += image;
str += ";^SMSO\r";
const char* command = str.c_str();
const char* commands[] =
{
command,
NULL
};
at_resp_t err = at_send_commands(AT_TIMEOUT, commands);
if (err)
return err;
}
In C the simplest way is IMO
void send_command(const char *download_url, const char *image) {
char buf[1000];
sprintf(buf, "AT^SRPN=1,99991,\"%s\",\"%s\";^SMSO",
download_url, image);
...
}
in buf you will end up having the final command to send to the modem.
If this code can be used in an hostile environment then you should also pay attention that no overflow can happen when passed large strings as url/image (e.g. add a check on strlen first or use snprintf instead).
Related
I'm relatively new to C++ and I'm trying out Windows Notification using Win32 API.
This is the method I have:
BOOL Notification::ShowNotification(std::string title, std::string info) {
NOTIFYICONDATA nid = {
sizeof(nid)
};
nid.uFlags = NIF_INFO | NIF_GUID;
nid.guidItem = __uuidof(AppIcon);
nid.dwInfoFlags = NIIF_USER | NIIF_LARGE_ICON;
std::wstring wtitle = std::wstring(title.begin(), title.end());
const wchar_t * wchar_title = (STRSAFE_LPCWSTR) wtitle.c_str();
StringCchCopy(nid.szInfoTitle, sizeof(nid.szInfoTitle), wchar_title);
std::wstring wInfo = std::wstring(info.begin(), info.end());
const wchar_t * wchar_Info = (STRSAFE_LPCWSTR) wInfo.c_str();
StringCchCopy(nid.szInfo, sizeof(nid.szInfo), wchar_Info);
LoadIconMetric(g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_NOTIFICATIONICON), LIM_LARGE, & nid.hBalloonIcon);
return Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, & nid);
}
As you can see, there is duplicate code for converting the string type to STRSAFE_LPCWSTR for the variables title and info. I was thinking of a small utility method that would replace the duplicate code.
Something like this:
void Notification::ConvertToLPCWSTR(std::string input, STRSAFE_LPCWSTR &result)
{
std::wstring wide_string = std::wstring(input.begin(), input.end());
result = (STRSAFE_LPCWSTR)wide_string.c_str();
}
And then use it from the ShowNotification method like this, where wchar_title is passed by reference:
STRSAFE_LPCWSTR wchar_title;
ConvertToLPCWSTR(title, wchar_title);
But it is failing because wide_string variable is stack allocated and it goes out of scope when ConvertToLPCWSTR execution is finished, because of which wchar_title is pointing at deallocated memory.
Anyone know of a good way to fix this ?
You need to move all three lines of the repeated code into a small utility function.
static void Notification::ConvertToLPCWSTR(const std::string& input, LPWSTR result, size_t result_max_size) {
std::wstring wInfo = std::wstring(input.begin(), input.end());
const wchar_t * wchar_Info = (STRSAFE_LPCWSTR) wInfo.c_str();
StringCchCopy(result, result_max_size, wchar_Info);
}
And call like
ConvertToLPCWSTR(info, nid.szInfo, sizeof(nid.szInfo));
I am passing the string from the source to the destination. I took the Destination string as char**
And from my "chararrycpy" function I am passing the char** destination string as dest[0].
Is it the correct way to pass dest[0]?
Because eventhough commonstringcopy setting the destination string dest[0] is showing empty.
could someone please help on this?
commonstringcopy(char* dst, const char* src,rsize_t destsz,rsize_t count)
{
// Here using strncpy_s and setting the destination string
}
bool chararraycpy(const std::string& source, char** dest)
{
const size_t size = source.length() + 1 ;
char *destCopy = new char[size] ;
(*dest) = destCopy;
memset((dest[0]), 0, size) ;
commonstringcopy((dest[0]), source.c_str(),size,source.length());
return true;
}
Trying to build a menu system but running into some issues with pointers - which I don't have much experience with.
I don't understand why removing the while(1) makes the comparison fail between mainmenu_table[1][i] == &option6 but for some reason it does.
What am I doing wrong? Using visual studio and an atmega328p. Thanks
Serial output with original code:
Serial begins
MeNu6
MeNu6
Starting compare loop
it worked
Serial output with while(1) removed.
Serial begins
MeNu6
MeNu6
Starting compare loop
the end
Original code (with while(1) included)
const char option1[] PROGMEM = "Menu1";
const char option2[] PROGMEM = "MEnu2";
const char option3[] PROGMEM = "MeNu3";
const char option4[] PROGMEM = "Menu4";
const char option5[] PROGMEM = "MEnu5";
const char option6[] PROGMEM = "MeNu6";
const char option7[] PROGMEM = "menu7";
const char* const submenu1_table[] PROGMEM = { option1, option2, option3 }; // array of pointers to chars stored in flash
const char* const submenu2_table[] PROGMEM = { option4, option5, option6, option7 };
const char** const mainmenu_table[] PROGMEM = { submenu1_table, submenu2_table }; //array of pointers to pointers to chars in flash
// The setup() function runs once each time the micro-controller starts
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(100);
Serial.println("Serial begins");
Serial.println((const __FlashStringHelper*)(mainmenu_table[1][2])); // prints "Menu6" as expected
Serial.println((const __FlashStringHelper*)option6); // also prints "Menu6"
Serial.println("Starting compare loop");
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if ( mainmenu_table[1][i] == &option6 ) { //
Serial.println("it worked");
while (1); // COMMENTING THIS OUT MEANS DOESN'T COMPARE SUCCESSFULLY.
}
}
Serial.println("the end");
}
// Add the main program code into the continuous loop() function
void loop()
{
}
According to Arduino description of PROGMEM, you cannot access the data through pointers to it directly as with plain pointers. You need to use the proper macros/functions to access the data.
In your code, the pointer tables themselves are located in the PROGMEM, so, to extract the individual pointers, you are supposed to do something like:
const char** submenu = (const char**)pgm_read_word(&(mainmenu_table[1]));
const char* option = (const char*)pgm_read_word(&(submenu[i]));
if (option == option6) {
//...
This code is based on the string table example from the first link.
I wanted to extract values from text nodes from an xml input. I have got the following code from web as the official documentation of libxml has many broken links of which sax parser is one. Please help me obtain the value of a text node. in startElementNs when i tried to look for my text node, i get NULL. Appreciate any help here.
My xml looks like this:
<a>
<b>
<c> text values </c>
</b>
</a>
My code looks like this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <libxml/xmlmemory.h>
#include <libxml/parser.h>
#include <string>
class ParseFSM
{
public:
/** SAX2 callback when an element start has been detected by the parser. It provides the namespace informations for the element, as well as the new namespace declarations on the element.
ctx: the user data (XML parser context)
localname: the local name of the element
prefix: the element namespace prefix if available
URI: the element namespace name if available
nb_namespaces: number of namespace definitions on that node
namespaces: pointer to the array of prefix/URI pairs namespace definitions
nb_attributes: the number of attributes on that node
nb_defaulted: the number of defaulted attributes. The defaulted ones are at the end of the array
attributes: pointer to the array of (localname/prefix/URI/value/end) attribute values.
**/
static void startElementNs (void *ctx,
const xmlChar * localname,
const xmlChar * prefix,
const xmlChar * URI,
int nb_namespaces,
const xmlChar ** namespaces,
int nb_attributes,
int nb_defaulted, const xmlChar ** attributes)
{
ParseFSM & fsm = *(static_cast < ParseFSM * >(ctx));
printf ("startElementNs: name = '%s' prefix = '%s' uri = (%p)'%s'\n", localname, prefix, URI, URI);
for (int indexNamespace = 0; indexNamespace < nb_namespaces; ++indexNamespace)
{
const xmlChar *prefix = namespaces[indexNamespace * 2];
const xmlChar *nsURI = namespaces[indexNamespace * 2 + 1];
printf (" namespace: name='%s' uri=(%p)'%s'\n", prefix, nsURI, nsURI);
}
unsigned int index = 0;
for (int indexAttribute = 0; indexAttribute < nb_attributes; ++indexAttribute, index += 5)
{
const xmlChar *localname = attributes[index];
const xmlChar *prefix = attributes[index + 1];
const xmlChar *nsURI = attributes[index + 2];
const xmlChar *valueBegin = attributes[index + 3];
const xmlChar *valueEnd = attributes[index + 4];
std::string value ((const char *) valueBegin, (const char *) valueEnd);
printf (" %sattribute: localname='%s', prefix='%s', uri=(%p)'%s', value='%s'\n", indexAttribute >= (nb_attributes - nb_defaulted) ? "defaulted " : "", localname, prefix, nsURI, nsURI, value.c_str ());
}
}
/** SAX2 callback when an element end has been detected by the parser. It provides the namespace informations for the element.
ctx: the user data (XML parser context)
localname: the local name of the element
prefix: the element namespace prefix if available
URI: the element namespace name if available
**/
static void endElementNs (void *ctx,
const xmlChar * localname,
const xmlChar * prefix, const xmlChar * URI)
{
ParseFSM & fsm = *(static_cast < ParseFSM * >(ctx));
printf ("endElementNs: name = '%s' prefix = '%s' uri = '%s'\n", localname,
prefix, URI);
}
/** Display and format an error messages, callback.
ctx: an XML parser context
msg: the message to display/transmit
...: extra parameters for the message display
*/
static void error (void *ctx, const char *msg, ...)
{
ParseFSM & fsm = *(static_cast < ParseFSM * >(ctx));
va_list args;
va_start (args, msg);
vprintf (msg, args);
va_end (args);
}
/** Display and format a warning messages, callback.
ctx: an XML parser context
msg: the message to display/transmit
...: extra parameters for the message display
*/
static void warning (void *ctx, const char *msg, ...)
{
ParseFSM & fsm = *(static_cast < ParseFSM * >(ctx));
va_list args;
va_start (args, msg);
vprintf (msg, args);
va_end (args);
}
};
int
main (int argc, const char *argv[])
{
std::string xmlIn = "<a><b><c> text values </c> </b> </a>"
/*
* this initialize the library and check potential ABI mismatches
* between the version it was compiled for and the actual shared
* library used.
*/
LIBXML_TEST_VERSION xmlSAXHandler saxHandler; // See http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-tree.html#xmlSAXHandler
memset (&saxHandler, 0, sizeof (saxHandler));
// Using xmlSAXVersion( &saxHandler, 2 ) generate crash as it sets plenty of other pointers...
saxHandler.initialized = XML_SAX2_MAGIC; // so we do this to force parsing as SAX2.
saxHandler.startElementNs = &ParseFSM::startElementNs;
saxHandler.endElementNs = &ParseFSM::endElementNs;
saxHandler.warning = &ParseFSM::warning;
saxHandler.error = &ParseFSM::error;
ParseFSM fsm;
int result =
xmlSAXUserParseMemory (&saxHandler, &fsm, xmlIn.c_str (),
int (xmlIn.length ()));
if (result != 0)
{
printf ("Failed to parse document.\n");
return 1;
}
/*
* Cleanup function for the XML library.
*/
xmlCleanupParser ();
/*
* this is to debug memory for regression tests
*/
xmlMemoryDump ();
return 0;
}
You need to use characters callback
void characters( void * user_data,
const xmlChar * ch,
int len);
Strings are not null terminated, u need to use ch,len to determine the string
Another problem with this call back is it can be called multiple times in between start and end element. So u cant blindly assume what you get in call back is string in between the tag. You may need to use string builder or some thing to collect the strings.
In your callback, you will probably want to copy the characters to
some other buffer so that it can be used from the endElement callback.
To optimise this callback a bit, you might adjust the callback so that
it only copies the characters if the parser is in a certain state.
Note that the characters callback may be called more than once between
calls to startElement and endElement.
Hope this answers you, even if its late others might get help
I have a sample project here on github where I created a c++ wrapper class for an external C++ library that I want to use in Objective-C.
I don't understand why my returned pointers are sometimes correct and sometimes wrong. Here's sample output:
Test Data = 43343008
In Compress 43343008
Returned Value = 43343008
Casted Value = 43343008
Test Data = 2239023
In Compress 2239023
Returned Value = 2239023
Casted Value = 2239023
Test Data = 29459973
In Compress 29459973
Returned Value = 29459973
Casted Value = l.remote
Test Data = 64019670
In Compress 64019670
Returned Value =
Casted Value = stem.syslog.master
In the above output you can see that the 1st and 2nd click of the button outputs the results I was expecting. In each of the other clicks either the returned value or casted value are invalid. I'm assuming this is because my pointer is pointing to an address I wasn't expecting. when running the app multiple times, any button click could be right or wrong.
I also tried with a single thread but experienced similar results.
The complete code is on github but here are the important bits.
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h"
extern const char * CompressCodeData(const char * strToCompress);
#implementation ViewController
...
// IBAction on the button
- (IBAction)testNow:(id)sender
{
[self performSelectorInBackground:#selector(analyze) withObject:nil];
}
- (void)analyze
{
#synchronized(self) {
const char *testData = [[NSString stringWithFormat:#"%d",
(int)(arc4random() % 100000000)] UTF8String];
NSLog(#"Test Data = %s", testData);
const char *compressed = CompressCodeData(testData);
NSLog(#"Returned Value = %s", compressed);
NSString *casted = [NSString stringWithCString:compressed
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
NSLog(#"Casted Value = %#\n\n", casted);
}
}
#end
SampleWrapper.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
using namespace std;
extern "C"
{
extern void NSLog(CFStringRef format, ...);
/**
* This function simply wraps a library function so that
* it can be used in objective-c.
*/
const char * CompressCodeData(const char * strToCompress)
{
const string s(strToCompress);
// Omitted call to static method in c++ library
// to simplify this test case.
//const char *result = SomeStaticLibraryFunction(s);
const char *result = s.c_str();
NSLog(CFSTR("In Compress %s"), result);
return result;
}
}
You are returning a pointer to at object that has been deallocated.
const string s(strToCompress);
…
const char *result = s.c_str();
NSLog(CFSTR("In Compress %s"), result);
return result;
s does not exist after CompressCodeData() function is over, so the pointer to it's internal memory is invalid.
You could allocate a chunk of memory to hold the response, but it would be up to the caller to release it.
char *compressed = CompressCodeData(testData);
NSLog(#"Returned Value = %s", compressed);
NSString *casted = [NSString stringWithCString:compressed
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
free(compressed);
NSLog(#"Casted Value = %#\n\n", casted);
…
const char * CompressCodeData(const char * strToCompress)
…
char *result = strdup(s.c_str());
Another solution is to pass in the memory to store the data into.
char compressed[2048]; // Or whatever!
CompressCodeData(testData, compressed, sizeof(compressed));
NSLog(#"Returned Value = %s", compressed);
NSString *casted = [NSString stringWithCString:compressed
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
NSLog(#"Casted Value = %#\n\n", casted);
…
void CompressCodeData(const char * strToCompress, char *result, size_t size)
…
s.copy(result, size - 1);
result[s.length() < size ? s.length() : size-1] = '\0';