Bit fields keil hardfault after restarting - c++

When I use this struct just after flashing device it works well, but after restarting (power on/off) using this struct(assign to any bit) cause a HardFault irq. I use Keil uVision with STM32F205. Why it not works? and what should I change/remove/add to fix it? Direct using GPIOC->ODR don't cause any problems what is wrong with bitfields in Kail?
#pragma anon_unions
typedef union {
struct {
__IO uint16_t Data_Bus:8; // 0-7 data bus
__IO uint16_t Ctr_Pins:6; // 8-13 control pins
__IO uint16_t :2; // 14-15 unused here
};
struct {
__IO uint16_t D0:1; // 0 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D1:1; // 1 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D2:1; // 2 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D3:1; // 3 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D4:1; // 4 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D5:1; // 5 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D6:1; // 6 data bus pin
__IO uint16_t D7:1; // 7 data bus pin
// --------------------------------
__IO uint16_t RS:1; // 8 reset
__IO uint16_t CS:1; // 9 chip select
__IO uint16_t CD:1; // 10 control / data
__IO uint16_t RD:1; // 11 read tick
__IO uint16_t WR:1; // 12 write tick
__IO uint16_t EN:1; // 13 enable display
// ---------------------------------
__IO uint16_t :1; // 14 unused
__IO uint16_t LD:1; // 15 led
};
} *PC_STRUCT_PTR, PC_STRUCT;
PC_STRUCT_PTR __TMP = (PC_STRUCT_PTR)(GPIOC_BASE+0x14);
#define PINOUTS (*__TMP)
it's used like this:
void Write_Reg(unsigned char command)
{
PINOUTS.CD = 0; PINOUTS.RD = 1; PINOUTS.CS = 0; PINOUTS.WR = 0;
PINOUTS.Data_Bus = command; wait();
PINOUTS.WR = 1; PINOUTS.CS = 1; PINOUTS.CD = 1; wait();
}

In file 'startup_stm32f20x.s', make sure that you have the following piece of code:
EXTERN HardFault_Handler_C ; this declaration is probably missing
__tx_vectors ; this declaration is probably there
DCD HardFault_Handler
Then, in the same file, add the following interrupt handler (where all other handlers are located):
PUBWEAK HardFault_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
HardFault_Handler
TST LR, #4
ITE EQ
MRSEQ R0, MSP
MRSNE R0, PSP
B HardFault_Handler_C
Then, in file 'stm32f2xx.c', add the following ISR:
void HardFault_Handler_C(unsigned int* hardfault_args)
{
printf("R0 = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[0]);
printf("R1 = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[1]);
printf("R2 = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[2]);
printf("R3 = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[3]);
printf("R12 = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[4]);
printf("LR = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[5]);
printf("PC = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[6]);
printf("PSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",hardfault_args[7]);
printf("BFAR = 0x%.8X\r\n",*(unsigned int*)0xE000ED38);
printf("CFSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",*(unsigned int*)0xE000ED28);
printf("HFSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",*(unsigned int*)0xE000ED2C);
printf("DFSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",*(unsigned int*)0xE000ED30);
printf("AFSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",*(unsigned int*)0xE000ED3C);
printf("SHCSR = 0x%.8X\r\n",SCB->SHCSR);
while (1);
}
If you can't use printf at the point in the execution when this specific Hard-Fault interrupt occurs, then save all the above data in a global buffer instead, so you can view it after reaching the while (1).
Then, refer to the 'Cortex-M Fault Exceptions and Registers' section at http://www.keil.com/appnotes/files/apnt209.pdf in order to understand the problem, or publish the output here if you want further assistance.

Related

how to fix expected unqualified-id error with clang-tidy

I have following c++ code for an embedded system:
//LIBRARY code:
typedef struct { /*!< (# 0x48028100) PORT1 Structure */
__IO uint32_t OUT; /*!< (# 0x48028100) Port 1 Output Register */
__O uint32_t OMR; /*!< (# 0x48028104) Port 1 Output Modification Register */
__I uint32_t RESERVED[2];
__IO uint32_t IOCR0; /*!< (# 0x48028110) Port 1 Input/Output Control Register 0 */
__IO uint32_t IOCR4; /*!< (# 0x48028114) Port 1 Input/Output Control Register 4 */
__IO uint32_t IOCR8; /*!< (# 0x48028118) Port 1 Input/Output Control Register 8 */
__IO uint32_t IOCR12; /*!< (# 0x4802811C) Port 1 Input/Output Control Register 12 */
__I uint32_t RESERVED1;
__I uint32_t IN; /*!< (# 0x48028124) Port 1 Input Register */
__I uint32_t RESERVED2[6];
__IO uint32_t PDR0; /*!< (# 0x48028140) Port 1 Pad Driver Mode 0 Register */
__IO uint32_t PDR1; /*!< (# 0x48028144) Port 1 Pad Driver Mode 1 Register */
__I uint32_t RESERVED3[6];
__I uint32_t PDISC; /*!< (# 0x48028160) Port 1 Pin Function Decision Control Register */
__I uint32_t RESERVED4[3];
__IO uint32_t PPS; /*!< (# 0x48028170) Port 1 Pin Power Save Register */
__IO uint32_t HWSEL; /*!< (# 0x48028174) Port 1 Pin Hardware Select Register */
} PORT1_Type;
#define PORT1_BASE 0x48028100UL
#define PORT1 ((PORT1_Type *) PORT1_BASE)
// MY MINIMAL EXAMPLE CODE:
...
uint32_t u32SourceAddress = (uint32_t)(&(PORT1->IN)), // error: expected unqualified-id
// ^
...
This code works just fine when I compile it with GCC or ARMCC. When I use clang-tidy, I get an error: expected unqualified-id [clang-diagnostic-error] on it. What am I doing wrong and how can I fix it?
Thanks, Moritz
edit:
Added comments regarding library based code and my code.

ESP32 build in Arduino IDE: undefined reference to `CLASS::function' error

I tried to write an Library for the Sensirion SFM3000 Flow Sensor in the Arduino IDE for an ESP32. As long as it was one sketch, everything worked. But as I tried to seperate it into an .h and .cpp file and implemented it as a class, I get some weird error when I try to compile the sketch.
sketch\SFM3019_HSKA.cpp.o:(.literal._ZN12SFM3019_HSKA17i2c_read_flow_CRCEv+0x4): undefined reference to `SFM3019_HSKA::crc8(unsigned char, unsigned char)'
sketch\SFM3019_HSKA.cpp.o: In function `SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_read_flow_CRC()':
sketch/SFM3019_HSKA.cpp:124: undefined reference to `SFM3019_HSKA::crc8(unsigned char, unsigned char)'
sketch/SFM3019_HSKA.cpp:128: undefined reference to `SFM3019_HSKA::crc8(unsigned char, unsigned char)'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
exit status 1
Fehler beim Kompilieren für das Board ESP32 Dev Module.
As I understand the error message, it occurs when the i2c_read_flow_CRC() meethod is calling the crc8() method in the last thrid of SFM3019_HSKA.cpp file. By now I don´t see an error in the syntax. But I have also no other idea on how to continue debugging...
This is the main code im trying to use the library in:
#include "SFM3019_HSKA.h"
#include <Wire.h>
SFM3019_HSKA::SensVal_s SensVal = {0, 0, 0};
SFM3019_HSKA SFM3019(0x2E); //Generate Object SFM3019 of class SFM3019_HSKA
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin (115200);
delay(100);
Wire.begin (21, 22); // for ESP32: SDA= GPIO_21 /SCL= GPIO_22
SFM3019.i2c_device_check(); //checks if I2C device is available
SFM3019.i2c_write(0x3608); //write 2Byte to start continuous measurement
delay(100);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
SensVal.flow = SFM3019.i2c_read_flow_CRC(); //read only Flow Bytes
Serial.println(SensVal.flow, 10);
delay(100);
SensVal = SFM3019.i2c_read_all(); //read all Sensor Bytes
Serial.print("Flow: ");
if (SensVal.flow >= 0) Serial.print(" "); //just for beauty reasons
Serial.print(SensVal.flow,10);
Serial.print(" Temp: ");
Serial.print(SensVal.temp,3);
Serial.print(" Statusword: ");
Serial.print(SensVal.statusword, HEX);
delay(400);
Serial.println();
}
and those are the library files:
SFM3019_HSKA.h
#ifndef SFM3019_HSKA_H // include guard
#define SFM3019_HSKA_H
#include "Arduino.h"
class SFM3019_HSKA {
public: //can be accessed public
SFM3019_HSKA(uint8_t i2cAddress); //Constructor
//may be nicer in private if it works anyway
typedef struct {float flow; float temp; int16_t statusword;} SensVal_s; //Struct for complete Sensor Readout
SensVal_s SensVal = {0, 0, 0}; //initialize with 0
int8_t i2c_device_check(); //function for Initialisation
int8_t i2c_write(const uint16_t SendData); //function to write 16Bit Data to sensor
SensVal_s i2c_read_all(); //function to read Flow, Temperature and Statusword
float i2c_read_flow(); //function to only read Flow
float i2c_read_flow_CRC(); //function to only read Flow with CRC check
private: //can only be accessed by functions oh same object
uint8_t SFM3019addr = 46; //SFM3019 I2C Adress: 46 / 0x2E
uint8_t crc8(const uint8_t data, uint8_t crc); //fuction for CRC confirmation
};
#endif
and the C++ file leading to the error:
SFM3019_HSKA.cpp:
#include "SFM3019_HSKA.h" //when placed in same folder
//#include <SFM3019_HSKA.h> //when placed in standard library folder
#include <Wire.h>
// some values needed for calculation of physical flow and temperature values
#define SFM3019Offset 24576
#define SFM3019ScaleFactorFlow 170.0 //needs to be a float, otherwise it will not calculate in float
#define SFM3019ScaleFactorTemp 200.0 //needs to be a float, otherwise it will not calculate in float
SFM3019_HSKA::SFM3019_HSKA(uint8_t i2cAddress) //constructor
{
//: mI2cAddress(i2cAddress)
SFM3019addr = i2cAddress;
}
/* checks if a Device at the desired address is responding with an ACK */
int8_t SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_device_check(){
Wire.beginTransmission(SFM3019addr); // Begin I2C transmission Address (i)
if (Wire.endTransmission() == 0) // Receive 0 = success (ACK response)
{
Serial.print ("Found Seosor at address");
Serial.print (SFM3019addr, DEC);
Serial.print (" (0x");
Serial.print (SFM3019addr, HEX); // 7 bit address
Serial.println (")");
return 0; //0=device sent ACK
}else{
Serial.print ("Did not receive Acknowledge from I2C address ");
Serial.print (SFM3019addr, DEC);
Serial.print (" (0x");
Serial.print (SFM3019addr, HEX); // 7 bit address
Serial.println (")");
return 1; //no ACK received
}
}
/* writes a 16bit "SendData" to I2C Bus Device "address" */
int8_t SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_write(const uint16_t SendData) {
Wire.beginTransmission(SFM3019addr);
//fill I2C outbuffer
Wire.write((SendData>>8)& 0xFF); //isolate HighByte
Wire.write(SendData & 0xFF); //isolate LowByte
//send I2C outbuffer
Wire.endTransmission();
return 0;
}
/* reads all 9 measurement bytes for flow, temp and status */
SFM3019_HSKA::SensVal_s SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_read_all(){
SensVal_s SensVal = {0}; //create empty struct
Wire.requestFrom(SFM3019addr, 9, true); // Request 9byte (3x16bit + CRC) from the sensor
//while(Wire.available()<3){}; //wait for all the data to be received //ATTENTION may be critical loop forever, however not using this may lead to an error, as the Buffer may be processed faster, then the input is read on I2C
//get Flow Bytes
int16_t flow = Wire.read()<<8; //get Highbyte and shift 8bit to 8MSB
flow = flow | Wire.read(); //get Lowbyte 8LSB
byte CRCflow = Wire.read(); //get CRC Check Byte (you could do a data validy check with that)
//Serial.println(flow, HEX); //raw values for debugging
SensVal.flow = (flow + SFM3019Offset) / SFM3019ScaleFactorFlow; //calculate the flow in slm as Datasheet mentions
//get Temperature Bytes
int16_t temp = Wire.read()<<8; //get Highbyte and shift 8bit to 8MSB
temp = temp | Wire.read(); //get Lowbyte 8LSB
byte CRCtemp = Wire.read(); //get CRC Check Byte (you could do a data validy check with that)
//Serial.println(temp, HEX); //raw values for debugging
SensVal.temp = temp / SFM3019ScaleFactorTemp; //calculate the flow in slm as Datasheet mentions
//get StatusWord Bytes
int16_t stat = Wire.read()<<8; //get Highbyte and shift 8bit to 8MSB
stat = stat | Wire.read(); //get Lowbyte 8LSB
byte CRCstat = Wire.read(); //get CRC Check Byte (you could do a data validy check with that)
//Serial.println(stat, HEX); //raw values for debugging
SensVal.statusword = temp / SFM3019ScaleFactorTemp; //calculate the flow in slm as Datasheet mentions
//return all data
return SensVal;
}
/* reads only first 3 bytes for flow and does NO CRC!*/
float SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_read_flow(){
Wire.requestFrom(SFM3019addr, 3, true); // Request 9byte (2x16bit + CRC) from the sensor
//while(Wire.available()<3){}; //wait for all the data to be received //ATTENTION may be critical loop forever, however not using this may lead to an error, as the Buffer may be processed faster, then the input is read on I2C
int16_t flow = Wire.read()<<8; //get Highbyte and shift 8bit to 8MSB
flow = flow | Wire.read(); //get Lowbyte 8LSB
byte CRC = Wire.read(); //get CRC Check Byte (you could do a data validy check with that)
//Serial.println(flow, HEX); //raw values for debugging
return (flow + SFM3019Offset) / SFM3019ScaleFactorFlow; //calculate the flow in slm as Datasheet mentions
}
/* reads only first 3 bytes for flow and DOES CRC*/
float SFM3019_HSKA::i2c_read_flow_CRC(){
Wire.requestFrom(SFM3019addr, 3, true); // Request 9byte (2x16bit + CRC) from the sensor
//while(Wire.available()<3){}; //wait for all the data to be received //ATTENTION may be critical loop forever, however not using this may lead to an error, as the Buffer may be processed faster, then the input is read on I2C
uint8_t Highbyte = Wire.read(); //get Highbyte 8MSB
uint8_t Lowbyte = Wire.read(); //get Lowbyte 8LSB
uint8_t CRC = Wire.read(); //get CRC Check Byte
//Confirm CRC
uint8_t mycrc = 0xFF; // initialize crc variable
mycrc = crc8(Highbyte, mycrc); // let first byte through CRC calculation
mycrc = crc8(Lowbyte, mycrc); // and the second byte too
if (mycrc != CRC) { // check if the calculated and the received CRC byte matches
//Serial.println("Error: wrong CRC");
return -10000; //extreme low value, so user knows somethig is wrong
} else {
//Serial.println("Success: identical CRC");
int16_t flow = (Highbyte<<8) | Lowbyte; //stack the to bytes together as signed int16
return (flow + SFM3019Offset) / SFM3019ScaleFactorFlow; //calculate the flow in slm as Datasheet mentions
}
}
/* calculate a CRC Byte, (Cyclic Redundancy Check) */
uint8_t crc8(const uint8_t data, uint8_t crc)
{
crc ^= data; //crc XOR data
for ( uint8_t i = 8; i; --i ) {
crc = ( crc & 0x80 )
? (crc << 1) ^ 0x31
: (crc << 1);
}
return crc;
}
I would be really thankfull for any idea on how to continue...
/* calculate a CRC Byte, (Cyclic Redundancy Check) */
uint8_t crc8(const uint8_t data, uint8_t crc)
{
crc ^= data; //crc XOR data
for ( uint8_t i = 8; i; --i ) {
crc = ( crc & 0x80 )
? (crc << 1) ^ 0x31
: (crc << 1);
}
return crc;
}
Needs to be:
/* calculate a CRC Byte, (Cyclic Redundancy Check) */
uint8_t SFM3019_HSKA::crc8(const uint8_t data, uint8_t crc)
{
crc ^= data; //crc XOR data
for ( uint8_t i = 8; i; --i ) {
crc = ( crc & 0x80 )
? (crc << 1) ^ 0x31
: (crc << 1);
}
return crc;
}
You just forgot to mark the defined method as part of the class. Simple typo error.

what is the following oop structure here?

In the code below where is the variable, and where is the variable type? We have here properties of registers being changed.
If its an object oriented then we need an object name where we change its properties.
In here I don't see where is the type where is the variable name and how exactly we change its inner properties?
#include <stm32f0xx.h>
int main(void)
{
RCC->AHBENR|=RCC_AHBENR_GPIOCEN ;
GPIOC->MODER|=GPIO_MODER_MODERG_O ;
}
This has nothing to do with OOP, it is just a structure member assignment. RCC and GPIOC are defined in stm32f0xx.h:
#define RCC ((RCC_TypeDef *) RCC_BASE)
and
#define GPIOC ((GPIO_TypeDef *) GPIOC_BASE)
Where RCC_BASE and GPIOC_BASE are are defined in the same header as abaolute addresses, and RCC_TypeDef and GPIO_TypeDef are structure types - for example:
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t MODER; /*!< GPIO port mode register, Address offset: 0x00 */
__IO uint16_t OTYPER; /*!< GPIO port output type register, Address offset: 0x04 */
uint16_t RESERVED0; /*!< Reserved, 0x06 */
__IO uint32_t OSPEEDR; /*!< GPIO port output speed register, Address offset: 0x08 */
__IO uint32_t PUPDR; /*!< GPIO port pull-up/pull-down register, Address offset: 0x0C */
__IO uint16_t IDR; /*!< GPIO port input data register, Address offset: 0x10 */
uint16_t RESERVED1; /*!< Reserved, 0x12 */
__IO uint16_t ODR; /*!< GPIO port output data register, Address offset: 0x14 */
uint16_t RESERVED2; /*!< Reserved, 0x16 */
__IO uint32_t BSRR; /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset registerBSRR, Address offset: 0x18 */
__IO uint32_t LCKR; /*!< GPIO port configuration lock register, Address offset: 0x1C */
__IO uint32_t AFR[2]; /*!< GPIO alternate function low register, Address offset: 0x20-0x24 */
__IO uint16_t BRR; /*!< GPIO bit reset register, Address offset: 0x28 */
uint16_t RESERVED3; /*!< Reserved, 0x2A */
}GPIO_TypeDef;
So expanding the macros in:
RCC->AHBENR|=RCC_AHBENR_GPIOCEN ;
resolves to:
((RCC_TypeDef*)0x40021000)->AHBENR |= ((uint32_t)0x00080000) ;
Where 0x40021000 is the base address of the RCC, an AHBENR refers to an RCC register to which the GPIOC enable flag is being set.
stm32f0xx.h defines structures for the register set of each peripheral, then defined macros that map the structure to the address at which each peripheral resides.

no matching function for call unresolved overloaded function type

First I'm a newbie to C++ so my question might be already answered somewhere but I couldn't find a straightforward answer to it.
I'm creating a simple library for my hardware. I'm using a Scheduler library which is working fine on Arduino IDE (here is the example), but when I compile the code with my own IDE (Atom+PlatformIO) this error comes up:
lib\SRF08\SRF08.cpp:43:30: error: no matching function for call to 'SchedulerClass::startLoop(<unresolved overloaded functi
on type>)'
I removed some of the codes but if you need the rest I can put it.
SRF08.h
#ifndef SRF08_h
#define SRF08_h
#include "Arduino.h"
class SRF08
{
public:
//main constructor
SRF08(uint8_t address=address_1);
// init the sensor
void begin(void);
//change sensor address from oldAddress to newAddress
void changeAddress(uint16_t oldAddress, uint16_t newAddress);
// scan for a single sensor address
int8_t scanner(void);
// scan for multiple sensors and return the table of addresses
struct table_value scan_all(void);
uint16_t output_value;
void read(void);
private:
// the main I2C address of Sensor
uint16_t _address;
//read sansor value base on centimiter
};
#endif
SRF08.cpp
#include "Wire.h"
#include "SRF08.h"
// Include Scheduler since we want to manage multiple tasks.
#include "Scheduler.h"
SRF08::SRF08(uint8_t address)
{
//main constructor, address is the sensor address if u dont know it try scanner first
//address must be an integer number between 1 to 9
if (address == 1) _address = address_1;
else _address = address_1;
}
void SRF08::begin(){
//initilize I2C
Wire.begin();
output_value = 0;
Scheduler.startLoop(SRF08::read); //here is my error
}
void SRF08::read(){
int reading = 0;
// step 1: instruct sensor to read echoes
Wire.beginTransmission(_address); // transmit to device #112 (0x70)
// the address specified in the datasheet is 224 (0xE0)
// but i2c adressing uses the high 7 bits so it's 112
Wire.write(byte(0x00)); // sets register pointer to the command register (0x00)
Wire.write(byte(0x51)); // command sensor to measure in "inches" (0x50)
// use 0x51 for centimeters
// use 0x52 for ping microseconds
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
// step 2: wait for readings to happen
delay(70); // datasheet suggests at least 65 milliseconds
// step 3: instruct sensor to return a particular echo reading
Wire.beginTransmission(_address); // transmit to device #112
Wire.write(byte(0x02)); // sets register pointer to echo #1 register (0x02)
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
// step 4: request reading from sensor
Wire.requestFrom(_address, 2); // request 2 bytes from slave device #112
// step 5: receive reading from sensor
if (2 <= Wire.available()) { // if two bytes were received
reading = Wire.read(); // receive high byte (overwrites previous reading)
reading = reading << 8; // shift high byte to be high 8 bits
reading |= Wire.read(); // receive low byte as lower 8 bits
output_value = reading; // print the reading
}
//yield();
}
Scheduler.h
#ifndef _SCHEDULER_H_
#define _SCHEDULER_H_
#include <Arduino.h>
extern "C" {
typedef void (*SchedulerTask)(void);
typedef void (*SchedulerParametricTask)(void *);
}
class SchedulerClass {
public:
SchedulerClass();
static void startLoop(SchedulerTask task, uint32_t stackSize = 1024);
static void start(SchedulerTask task, uint32_t stackSize = 1024);
static void start(SchedulerParametricTask task, void *data, uint32_t stackSize = 1024);
static void yield() { ::yield(); };
};
extern SchedulerClass Scheduler;
#endif
Scheduler.cpp
#include "Scheduler.h"
extern "C" {
#define NUM_REGS 10 // r4-r11, sp, pc
typedef struct CoopTask {
uint32_t regs[NUM_REGS];
void* stackPtr;
struct CoopTask* next;
struct CoopTask* prev;
} CoopTask;
static CoopTask *cur = 0;
...
void yield(void) {
coopDoYield(cur);
}
}; // extern "C"
SchedulerClass::SchedulerClass() {
coopInit();
}
static void startLoopHelper(void *taskData) {
SchedulerTask task = reinterpret_cast<SchedulerTask>(taskData);
while (true)
task();
}
void SchedulerClass::startLoop(SchedulerTask task, uint32_t stackSize) {
coopSpawn(startLoopHelper, reinterpret_cast<void *>(task), stackSize);
}
static void startTaskHelper(void *taskData) {
SchedulerTask task = reinterpret_cast<SchedulerTask>(taskData);
task();
}
void SchedulerClass::start(SchedulerTask task, uint32_t stackSize) {
coopSpawn(startTaskHelper, reinterpret_cast<void *>(task), stackSize);
}
void SchedulerClass::start(SchedulerParametricTask task, void *taskData, uint32_t stackSize) {
coopSpawn(task, taskData, stackSize);
}
SchedulerClass Scheduler;
Thanks to #Someprogrammerdude to help. I needed to declare the read function as static.
SRF08.h
#ifndef SRF08_h
#define SRF08_h
#include "Arduino.h"
class SRF08
{
public:
//main constructor
SRF08(uint8_t address=address_1);
// init the sensor
void begin(void);
//change sensor address from oldAddress to newAddress
void changeAddress(uint16_t oldAddress, uint16_t newAddress);
// scan for a single sensor address
int8_t scanner(void);
// scan for multiple sensors and return the table of addresses
struct table_value scan_all(void);
static uint16_t output_value;
static void read(void);
static uint16_t static_address;
private:
// the main I2C address of Sensor
uint16_t _address;
//read sansor value base on centimiter
};
#endif
SRF08.cpp
#include "Wire.h"
#include "SRF08.h"
// Include Scheduler since we want to manage multiple tasks.
#include "Scheduler.h"
//initilize static members
uint16_t SRF08::output_value;
uint16_t SRF08::static_address;
SRF08::SRF08(uint8_t address)
{
//main constructor, address is the sensor address if u dont know it try scanner first
//address must be an integer number between 1 to 9
if (address == 1) _address = address_1;
else _address = address_1;
static_address = _address;
//begin();
}
void SRF08::begin(){
//initilize I2C
Wire.begin();
output_value = 0;
Scheduler.startLoop(read); //here is my error
}
void SRF08::read(){
int reading = 0;
// step 1: instruct sensor to read echoes
Wire.beginTransmission(static_address); // transmit to device #112 (0x70)
// the address specified in the datasheet is 224 (0xE0)
// but i2c adressing uses the high 7 bits so it's 112
Wire.write(byte(0x00)); // sets register pointer to the command register (0x00)
Wire.write(byte(0x51)); // command sensor to measure in "inches" (0x50)
// use 0x51 for centimeters
// use 0x52 for ping microseconds
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
// step 2: wait for readings to happen
delay(70); // datasheet suggests at least 65 milliseconds
// step 3: instruct sensor to return a particular echo reading
Wire.beginTransmission(static_address); // transmit to device #112
Wire.write(byte(0x02)); // sets register pointer to echo #1 register (0x02)
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
// step 4: request reading from sensor
Wire.requestFrom(static_address, 2); // request 2 bytes from slave device #112
// step 5: receive reading from sensor
if (2 <= Wire.available()) { // if two bytes were received
reading = Wire.read(); // receive high byte (overwrites previous reading)
reading = reading << 8; // shift high byte to be high 8 bits
reading |= Wire.read(); // receive low byte as lower 8 bits
output_value = reading; // print the reading
//output_value = reading;
}
yield();
}

C++ Setting Struct Address

With the following Code I'm trying to get the struct in hwPort to start at the memory address 0x48001000. How would I do this as I'm currently stuck
struct PortGPIOs
{
volatile uint32_t MODER; /*!< GPIO port mode register, Address offset: 0x00 */
volatile uint32_t OTYPER; /*!< GPIO port output type register, Address offset: 0x04 */
volatile uint32_t OSPEEDR; /*!< GPIO port output speed register, Address offset: 0x08 */
volatile uint32_t PUPDR; /*!< GPIO port pull-up/pull-down register, Address offset: 0x0C */
volatile uint32_t IDR; /*!< GPIO port input data register, Address offset: 0x10 */
volatile uint32_t ODR; /*!< GPIO port output data register, Address offset: 0x14 */
volatile uint16_t BSRRL; /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset low register, Address offset: 0x18 */
volatile uint16_t BSRRH; /*!< GPIO port bit set/reset high register, Address offset: 0x1A */
volatile uint32_t LCKR; /*!< GPIO port configuration lock register, Address offset: 0x1C */
volatile uint32_t AFR[2]; /*!< GPIO alternate function registers, Address offset: 0x20-0x24 */
volatile uint32_t BRR; /*!< GPIO bit reset register, Address offset: 0x28 */
};
class hwPort {
public:
hwPort(PortGPIOs *, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t);
uint32_t read();
void readOr(uint32_t);
void readAnd(uint32_t);
void write(uint32_t);
void writeOr(uint32_t);
void writeAnd(uint32_t);
private:
PortGPIOs *GPIO;
};
Just initialise the GPIO member variable in your constructor, as follows:
GPIO = (PortGPIOs *) 0x48001000;
[Note: use a C++-style cast if you prefer - the end result is the same.]