Value error when no value error - python-2.7

The following code triggers a value error:
from pygame import *
init()
from random import *
t = True
f = False
inventory = []
class block(object):
def __init__(self,break_time,break_content,color):
self.break_time = break_time
self.break_content = break_content
self.color = color
def brek(self):
inventory.append(self.break_content)
end = block(1-0,None,(0,0,0))
gem = block(10,"agem",(0,0,100))
stone = block(3,"cobble",(100,100,100))
iron = block(5,"iron_ore",(25,50,100))
dirt = block(2,"dirt",(139,69,19))
locations = [a for a in range (60)]
unervise = {}
def generate(x_axis):
global unevise
global locations
for a in range(60):
global unevise
global locations
if a == 0 or a == 1:
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = end
if a in range(2,35):
if a in range(2,10) and randint(1,10) == 1:
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = gem
elif a in range(2,30) and randint(1,5) == 1:
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = iron
else:
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = stone
if a in range(35,40):
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = dirt
Here's the error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Ben/Documents/Python Files/My first comp openable.py", line 46, in <module>
generate(a)
File "C:/Users/Ben/Documents/Python Files/My first comp openable.py", line 28, in generate
unevise[(locations[a],x_axis)] = end
NameError: global name 'unevise' is not defined
But the value is clearly defined, thrice in my program, twice globaling it inside the function.
I probably have overlooked some major key point- sorry.

You define unervise, not unevise:
unervise = {}
Also, there's no need for the multiple global declarations.

Related

Multiple time "Init failure" error witth attribute error "__dict__"

I have a bunch of code, Program is written in python2 and used old version of pymc. probably version2.x .
When i run
python run.py
the error i am facing
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
Init failure
No previous MCMC data found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "run.py", line 106, in <module>
M=run_MCMC(ms)
File "run.py", line 94, in run_MCMC
mcmc = pm.MCMC(model, db=db, name=name)
File "/home/divyadeep/miniconda3/envs/detrital/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymc/MCMC.py", line 90, in init
**kwds)
File "/home/divyadeep/miniconda3/envs/detrital/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymc/Model.py", line 191, in init
Model.init(self, input, name, verbose)
File "/home/divyadeep/miniconda3/envs/detrital/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymc/Model.py", line 92, in init
ObjectContainer.init(self, input)
File "/home/divyadeep/miniconda3/envs/detrital/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymc/Container.py", line 605, in init
input_to_file = input.dict
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'dict'`
I have tried to comment out some of 'init' in the program. but still not able to run.
the run.py is as
def InitExhumation(settings):
"""Initialize piece-wise linear exhumation model"""
#Check that erosion and age break priors are meaningful
if (settings.erate_prior[0] >= settings.erate_prior[1]):
print "\nInvalid range for erate_prior."
sys.exit()
if (settings.abr_prior[0] >= settings.abr_prior[1]):
print "\nInvalid range for abr_prior."
sys.exit()
#Create erosion rate parameters (e1, e2, ...)
e = []
for i in range(1,settings.breaks+2):
e.append(pm.Uniform("e%i" % i, settings.erate_prior[0], settings.erate_prior[1]))
#Create age break parameters (abr1, ...)
abr_i = settings.abr_prior[0]
abr = []
for i in range(1,settings.breaks+1):
abr_i = pm.Uniform("abr%i" % i, abr_i, settings.abr_prior[1])
abr.append(abr_i)
return e, abr
def ExhumationModel(settings):
"""Set up the exhumation model"""
#Check that error rate priors are meaningful
if (settings.error_prior[0] >= settings.error_prior[1]):
print "\nInvalid range for error_prior."
sys.exit()
err = pm.Uniform('RelErr',settings.error_prior[0],settings.error_prior[1])
#Closure elevation priors
hc_parms={'AFT':[3.7, 0.8, 6.0, 2.9], 'AHe':[2.2, 0.5, 3.7, 1.6]}
e, abr = InitExhumation(settings)
nodes = [err, e, abr]
hc = {}
for sample in settings.samples:
parms = e[:]
h_mu = np.mean(sample.catchment.z)
if sample.tc_type not in hc.keys():
hc[sample.tc_type] = pm.TruncatedNormal("hc_%s"%sample.tc_type, h_mu-hc_parms[sample.tc_type][0],
1/hc_parms[sample.tc_type][1]**2,
h_mu-hc_parms[sample.tc_type][2],
h_mu-hc_parms[sample.tc_type][3])
nodes.append(hc[sample.tc_type])
parms.append(hc[sample.tc_type])
parms.extend(abr)
if isinstance(sample, DetritalSample):
idx_i = pm.Categorical("Index_" + sample.sample_name, p = sample.catchment.bins['w'], size=len(sample.dt_ages))
nodes.extend([idx_i])
exp_i = pm.Lambda("ExpAge_" + sample.sample_name, lambda parm=parms, idx=idx_i: ba.h2a(sample.catchment.bins['h'][idx],parm))
value = sample.dt_ages
else:
idx_i = None
exp_i = pm.Lambda("ExpAge_" + sample.sample_name, lambda parm=parms: ba.h2a(sample.br_elevation,parm), plot=False)
value = sample.br_ages
obs_i = pm.Normal("ObsAge_" + sample.sample_name, mu = exp_i, tau = 1./(err*exp_i)**2, value = value, observed=True)
sim_i = pm.Lambda("SimAge_" + sample.sample_name, lambda ta=exp_i, err=err: pm.rnormal(mu = ta, tau = 1./(err*ta)**2))
nodes.extend([exp_i, obs_i, sim_i])
return nodes
def run_MCMC(settings):
"""Run MCMC algorithm"""
burn = settings.iterations/2
thin = (settings.iterations-burn) / settings.finalChainSize
name = "%s" % settings.model_name + "_%ibrk" % settings.breaks
attempt = 0
model=None
while attempt<5000:
try:
model = ExhumationModel(settings)
break
except pm.ZeroProbability, ValueError:
attempt+=1
#print "Init failure %i" % attemp
print "Init failure "
try:
#The following creates text files for the chains rather than hdf5
db = pm.database.txt.load(name + '.txt')
#db = pm.database.hdf5.load(name + '.hdf5')
print "\nExisting MCMC data loaded.\n"
except AttributeError:
print "\nNo previous MCMC data found.\n"
db='txt'
mcmc = pm.MCMC(model, db=db, name=name)
#mcmc.use_step_method(pm.AdaptiveMetropolis, M.parm)
if settings.iterations > 1:
mcmc.sample(settings.iterations,burn=burn,thin=thin)
return mcmc
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.path[0:0] = './' # Puts current directory at the start of path
import model_setup as ms
if len(sys.argv)>1: ms.iterations = int(sys.argv[1])
M=run_MCMC(ms)
#import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
#Output and diagnostics
try:
ba.statistics(M, ms.samples)
except TypeError:
print "\nCannot compute stats without resampling (PyMC bug?).\n"
ps.chains(M, ms.finalChainSize, ms.iterations, ms.samples, ms.output_format)
ps.summary(M, ms.samples, ms.output_format)
ps.ks_gof(M, ms.samples, ms.output_format)
ps.histograms(ms.samples, ms.show_histogram, ms.output_format)
ps.discrepancy(M, ms.samples, ms.output_format)
## ps.unorthodox_ks(M, ms.output_format)
## try:
## ps.catchment(M.catchment_dem, format=ms.output_format)
## except KeyError:
## print "\nUnable to generate catchment plot."
M.db.close()
`

TypeError: unbound method SendVars() must be called with Vars instance as first argument (got bool instance instead)

So I am trying to create a GUI that shares information between frames (which are set up as classes) and ran into this error, which despite the many hours of googling and trying different things, had no luck solving. Im just trying to create a library which can be written to and read from other classes. I created this test code just to debug the problem so if you want to see my main code let me know, thanks.
class Vars():
global vari
vari = dict(Sifo = False, Username = "", Password = "", Event = "", Time = "")
def GetVars(self, var):
print "1"
return vari.pop(var)
def SendVars(self, var, val):
print"2"
vari[str(var)] = val
class maintest():
def test(self):
yes = raw_input("Yes: ")
if yes == "1":
yes = True
else:
yes = False
self.result(yes)
def result(self, reslt):
if reslt == True:
yes = True
else:
yes = False
Vars.SendVars('yes', yes)
a = maintest()
a.test()
print Vars.GetVars('yes')
Output:
Yes: 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/jacobsifodaskalakis/Documents/LiClipse
Workspace/Test/Test4.py", line 43, in <module>
a.test()
File "/Users/jacobsifodaskalakis/Documents/LiClipse
Workspace/Test/Test4.py", line 31, in test
self.result(yes)
File "/Users/jacobsifodaskalakis/Documents/LiClipse
Workspace/Test/Test4.py", line 40, in result
Vars.SendVars('yes', yes)
TypeError: unbound method SendVars() must be called with Vars
instance as first argument (got str instance instead)
Looks like you need to instantiate your Vars class before you can use it:
def result(self, reslt):
if reslt == True:
yes = True
else:
yes = False
vars_instance = Vars()
vars_instance.SendVars('yes', yes)
take a look at this question: How to instantiate a class in python
You also need to instantiate it near the end of your script:
vars_instance = Vars()
print vars_instance.GetVars('yes')
finally, you've forgotten to actually define your global vari
global vari
vari = {}

How I can invoke importing class in other class Python

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import time
import getopt
import alsaaudio
import numpy
from time import sleep
class A_weight():
def __init__(self):
skaler = 2.361E-14
fix_cur = 0.20565360419770495
A = []
hPa = 4e-11
card = 'default'
array_float = numpy.dtype(float)
stream = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, alsaaudio.PCM_NORMAL, card)
stream.setchannels(1)
stream.setrate(48000)
stream.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)
stream.setperiodsize(128)
def A(f):
return (12200**2*f**4/((f**2+20.6**2)*(f**2+12200**2)*numpy.sqrt(f**2+107.7**2)*numpy.sqrt(f**2+737.9**2)))+fix_cur
def listen(self):
glob_leq = 0
liczba_ramek = 0
index_ramek = 0
while True:
try:
l, data = stream.read()
except IOError, e:
error_count += 1
print(" (%d) Error recording: %s" % (error_count, e))
else:
if l==128:
decoded_block = numpy.frombuffer(data, dtype='int16' )
else:
continue
Y = numpy.fft.fft(decoded_block) # fft computing and normalization
Aw = A(numpy.arange(20.,20000,(19980./len(Y))))
Na = Aw*Y
inverse = numpy.fft.ifft(Y)
maks = 32768
array_float = numpy.divide(inverse.real ,float( maks))
array_float = array_float**2
sum_array = numpy.sum(array_float, dtype=float)
glob_leq = glob_leq + sum_array
liczba_ramek += 1
index_ramek += 1
if index_ramek == 375:
index_ramek=0
cis_chwil = numpy.divide(glob_leq, liczba_ramek * 128)
leq =10*numpy.log10(numpy.divide(cis_chwil, hPa))
print (leq)
#A.append(leq)
#print(max(A))
A_weight().listen()
So i trying writing program compute sound pressure level with weighting A.
All work correct but when i want close may code in class I have problem. Because something wrong with invoke to importing class in this case is it alsaaudio.
I get this feedback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "rec_A.py", line 64, in <module>
A_weight().listen()
File "rec_A.py", line 37, in listen
l, data = stream.read()
NameError: global name 'stream' is not defined
Do you have any idea
Change each occurrence of stream to self.stream:
class A_weight():
def __init__(self):
skaler = 2.361E-14
fix_cur = 0.20565360419770495
A = []
hPa = 4e-11
card = 'default'
array_float = numpy.dtype(float)
self.stream = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, alsaaudio.PCM_NORMAL, card)
self.stream.setchannels(1)
self.stream.setrate(48000)
self.stream.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)
self.stream.setperiodsize(128)
...
def listen(self):
glob_leq = 0
liczba_ramek = 0
index_ramek = 0
while True:
try:
l, data = self.stream.read()
...
This will make it an instance variable, and all other methods of that class (as long as they are passed the self argument) will have access to it through self.stream. See this bit of documentation for more details on instance variables.
Also, this is merely an aesthetic point, but the convention in Python is to use upper camel case for class names, i.e., AWeight instead of A_weight - but this will not affect how your code runs.

Attribute error occurs when I run my GUI code in Python. Python gives me no information as to what the error is or what is causing it

This is my code and when i try to run it and use it by entering numbers into the entry fields, an attribute error occurs when i try to call on the entry variable. This is the message that appears:
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1486, in call
return self.func(*args)
File "F:\HomeWork\Yr13\Extended Project\Notepad++\Python27\Programs\GUI{c} menu+check+gen+Nth.py", line 224, in OnGenButtonClick
n= str(Prime_Generation(Prime_Gen.entryVariable5.get(),Prime_Gen.entryVariable6.get()))
File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1845, in getattr
return getattr(self.tk, attr)
AttributeError: entryVariable5
any help would be greatly appreciated.
i have stuck on this problem for three days and have tried getting around the problem by using different functions and names and the error still occurs
import Tkinter
from Tkinter import *
import math
def SoS(limit):
numbers = range(3, limit+1, 2)
half = (limit)//2
initial = 4
for step in xrange(3, limit+1, 2):
for i in xrange(initial, half, step):
numbers[i-1] = 0
initial += 2*(step+1)
if initial > half:
plist = [2] + filter(None, numbers)
return plist
break
def S(m):
sieve = [True] * m
for i in xrange(3,(int(m**0.5)+1),2):
if sieve[i]:
sieve[i*i::2*i]=[False]*((m-i*i-1)/(2*i)+1)
plist = [2] + [i for i in xrange(3,m,2) if sieve[i]]
return plist
def OTS(n):
n, correction = n-n%6+6, 2-(n%6>1)
sieve = [True] * (n/3)
for i in xrange(1,(int(n**0.5)/3)+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
sieve[ k*k/3 ::2*k] = [False] * ((n/6-k*k/6-1)/k+1)
sieve[k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)/3::2*k] = [False] * ((n/6-k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)/6-1)/k+1)
plist = [2,3] + [3*i+1|1 for i in xrange(1,n/3-correction) if sieve[i]]
return plist
def is_prime(num):
if num <= 3:
if num <= 1:
return False
return True
if not num % 2 or not num % 3:
return False
for i in xrange(5, int(num ** 0.5) + 1, 6):
if not num % i or not num % (i + 2):
return False
return True
def is_prime_multiple(Lower,Upper):
NumberList = dict()
if Lower%2 == 1:
for i in xrange(Lower, Upper,2):
NumberList[i] = is_prime(i)
else:
for i in xrange(Lower-1,Upper,2):
NumberList[i] = is_prime(i)
NumberList[1] = False
return [i for i in NumberList if NumberList[i] == True]
def Prime_Generation(L,U):
Lower = int(L)
Upper = int(U)
if Lower == 1:
if Upper < 92:
print SoS(Upper)
if Upper >= 92 and Upper < 2250:
print S(Upper)
if Upper >= 2250 :
print OTS(Upper)
else:
print sorted(is_prime_multiple(Lower,Upper))
def factors(n):
f = 3
fs = []
while n % 2 == 0:
fs.append(2)
n /= 2
while f*f <= n:
while n % f == 0:
fs.append(f)
n /= f
f += 2
if n > 1:
fs.append(n)
return fs
def Prime_Checker(N):
NStr = str(N)
N = int(N)
Nfs = factors(N)
for i in Nfs:
if i != N:
NfsStr = str(Nfs).strip('[]')
resultb = [NStr,' is not a prime. The prime factors of ',NStr,' are ',NfsStr]
return resultb.join()
else:
return N,' is a prime. The prime factors of ',N ,' are ',N
def PrimeFinderLamda(n,limit):
nums = range(3,limit,2)
for i in range(2, int(limit**0.5)):
nums = filter(lambda x: x == i or x % i, nums)
return [2]+nums
def NthPrime(N):
N = int(N)
Lower = 1
limit = N*N
if N == 1:
return 2
else:
return PrimeFinderLamda(N,limit)[N-1]
class Prime_app_tk(Tkinter.Tk):
def __init__(self,parent):
Tk.__init__(self,parent)
self.parent = parent
self.initialize()
def Prime_Gen_Win(self):
Prime_Gen = Toplevel()
Prime_Gen.grid()
Prime_Gen.labelVariable3 = StringVar()
Title_label2 = Label(Prime_Gen,textvariable=Prime_Gen.labelVariable3,
relief = RAISED,fg="black",bg="white"
,font = "Arial")
Title_label2.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=4)
Prime_Gen.labelVariable3.set(u"Please enter the upper and lower limits of the prime number generation")
Prime_Gen.labelVariable4 = StringVar()
SubTitle_label1 = Label(Prime_Gen,textvariable=Prime_Gen.labelVariable4,fg="black",bg="white")
SubTitle_label1.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=4)
Prime_Gen.labelVariable4.set(u"(Please enter values no greater than 10 million)")
Prime_Gen.entryVariable5 = StringVar()
Prime_Gen.entry = Entry(Prime_Gen,textvariable=Prime_Gen.entryVariable5)
Prime_Gen.entry.grid(column=0,row=4)
Prime_Gen.entryVariable5.set(u"Lower.")
Prime_Gen.entryVariable6 = StringVar()
Prime_Gen.entry = Entry(Prime_Gen,textvariable=Prime_Gen.entryVariable6)
Prime_Gen.entry.grid(column=0,row=5)
Prime_Gen.entryVariable6.set(u"Upper.")
Genbutton = Button(Prime_Gen,text=u"Generate !",command=self.OnGenButtonClick #placing and aesthetics of button
,bg="yellow",relief=RAISED,padx=10,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
Genbutton.grid(column=0,row=6)
scrollbar = Scrollbar(Prime_Gen)
scrollbar.grid(column=1,row=8,sticky="ns")
Prime_Gen.Result_label = Text(Prime_Gen, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set
,fg="blue",bg="white",wrap=WORD
,width=100,relief = SUNKEN)
Prime_Gen.Result_label.grid(column=0,row=8,columnspan=2)
scrollbar.config(command=Prime_Gen.Result_label.yview)
Prime_Gen.labelVariable = StringVar()
SubTitle_label = Label(Prime_Gen,textvariable=Prime_Gen.labelVariable,fg="black",bg="white")
SubTitle_label.grid(column=0,row=9,columnspan=4)
Prime_Gen.labelVariable.set(u"To see full list please click on the results\n and use the up and down arrows to scroll through the list")
Prime_Gen.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
Prime_Gen.resizable(True,True)
Prime_Gen.update()
Prime_Gen.geometry(Prime_Gen.geometry())
Prime_Gen.entry.focus_set()
Prime_Gen.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def OnGenButtonClick(Prime_Gen):
n= str(Prime_Generation(Prime_Gen.entryVariable5.get(),Prime_Gen.entryVariable6.get()))
Prime_Gen.Result_label.insert(END,"\nPrimes Found\n")
Prime_Gen.Result_label.insert(END,n)
Prime_Gen.entry.focus_set()
Prime_Gen.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def Prime_Check_Win(self):
Prime_Check = Toplevel()
Prime_Check.grid()
Prime_Check.labelVariable8 = StringVar()
Title_label3 = Label(Prime_Check,textvariable=Prime_Check.labelVariable8,
relief = RAISED,fg="black",bg="white"
,font = "Arial")
Title_label3.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=4)
Prime_Check.labelVariable8.set(u"Please enter a Number to be checked for primality")
Prime_Check.labelVariable9 = StringVar()
SubTitle_label3 = Label(Prime_Check,textvariable=Prime_Check.labelVariable9,fg="black",bg="white")
SubTitle_label3.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=4)
Prime_Check.labelVariable9.set(u"(Please enter values no greater than 10 million)")
Prime_Check.entryVariable = StringVar()
Prime_Check.entry = Entry(Prime_Check,textvariable=Prime_Check.entryVariable)
Prime_Check.entry.grid(column=0,row=2)
Prime_Check.entryVariable.set(u"Enter Number here.")
Checkbutton = Button(Prime_Check,text=u"Check !",command=self.OnCheckButtonClick
,bg="blue",fg="white",relief=RAISED,padx=10,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
Checkbutton.grid(column=0,row=4)
Prime_Check.labelVariable10 = StringVar()
Result_label2 = Message(Prime_Check,textvariable=Prime_Check.labelVariable10
,anchor="w",fg="blue",bg="white"
,width=500,relief = SUNKEN,padx=3,pady=3)
Result_label2.grid(column=0,row=5,columnspan=2,rowspan=100)
Prime_Check.labelVariable10.set(u"Hello")
Prime_Check.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
Prime_Check.resizable(True,False)
Prime_Check.update()
Prime_Check.geometry(Prime_Check.geometry())
Prime_Check.entry.focus_set()
Prime_Check.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def OnCheckButtonClick(Prime_Check):
Prime_Check.labelVariable10.set(Prime_Checker(Prime_Check.entryVariable.get())) #Had to call on prime gen and display results
Prime_Check.entry.focus_set()
Prime_Check.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def Nth_Prime_Win(self):
Nth_Prime = Toplevel()
Nth_Prime.grid()
Nth_Prime.labelVariable12 = StringVar()
Title_label = Label(Nth_Prime,textvariable=Nth_Prime.labelVariable12,
relief = RAISED,fg="black",bg="white"
,font = "Arial")
Title_label.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=4)
Nth_Prime.labelVariable12.set(u"Please enter the Nth prime you would like to find")
Nth_Prime.labelVariable13 = StringVar()
SubTitle_label = Label(Nth_Prime,textvariable=Nth_Prime.labelVariable13,fg="black",bg="white")
SubTitle_label.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=4)
Nth_Prime.labelVariable13.set(u"(Please enter values no greater than 664579")
Nth_Prime.entryVariable = StringVar()
Nth_Prime.entry = Entry(Nth_Prime,textvariable=Nth_Prime.entryVariable)
Nth_Prime.entry.grid(column=0,row=4)
Nth_Prime.entryVariable.set(u"Enter Number here.")
Genbutton = Button(Nth_Prime,text=u"Generate !",command=self.OnButtonNthClick
,bg="green",relief=RAISED,padx=10,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
Genbutton.grid(column=0,row=5)
Nth_Prime.labelVariable14 = StringVar()
Result_label = Message(Nth_Prime,textvariable=Nth_Prime.labelVariable14
,anchor="w",fg="blue",bg="white"
,width=1000,relief = SUNKEN,justify=LEFT,padx=3,pady=3)
Result_label.grid(column=0,row=6,columnspan=2,rowspan=100)
Nth_Prime.labelVariable14.set(u"Hello")
Nth_Prime.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
Nth_Prime.resizable(False,False)
Nth_Prime.update()
Nth_Prime.geometry(Nth_Prime.geometry())
Nth_Prime.entry.focus_set()
Nth_Prime.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def OnButtonNthClick(Nth_Prime):
Nth_Prime.labelVariable14.set(NthPrime(Nth_Prime.entryVariable.get()))
Nth_Prime.entry.focus_set()
Nth_Prime.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
def initialize(self):
self.grid()
self.labelVariable1 = StringVar()
Title_label1 = Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable1,
relief = RAISED,fg="black",bg="white"
,font = "Arial")
Title_label1.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=4)
self.labelVariable1.set(u"Welcome to the Prime Program")
self.labelVariable2 = StringVar()
SubTitle_label = Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable2,fg="black",bg="white")
SubTitle_label.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=4)
self.labelVariable2.set(u"(Please select the function you would like to use)")
PrimeGenbutton = Button(self,text=u"Find Primes between 2 limits !",command=self.Prime_Gen_Win
,bg="yellow",relief=RAISED,padx=10,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
PrimeGenbutton.grid(column=0,row=3)
PrimeCheckbutton = Button(self,text=u"Check if a number is prime !",command=self.Prime_Check_Win
,bg="blue",fg="white",relief=RAISED,padx=14,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
PrimeCheckbutton.grid(column=0,row=4)
NthPrimebutton = Button(self,text=u"Find the Nth prime !",command=self.Nth_Prime_Win
,bg="green",relief=RAISED,padx=35,pady=10
,activebackground="red",activeforeground="white")
NthPrimebutton.grid(column=0,row=5)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.resizable(False,False)
self.update()
self.geometry(self.geometry())
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = Prime_app_tk(None)
app.title('Prime Program')
app.mainloop()
There's no quick fix for your code. It attempts to be object-oriented, but is doing so incorrectly. You need to properly define your methods, and should also adhere to PEP8 naming conventions -- specifically, methods and functions should start with a lowercase, and classes should start with an uppercase. Because you don't follow PEP8, and because of the odd way you use Prime_Gen to mean different things at different times, your code is incredibly hard to understand.
The crux of the problem is that inside OnGenButtonClick, Prime_Gen is not what you think it is. It is an instance of Prime_app_tk rather than the value that you set the local variable Prime_Gen to in Prime_Gen_Win. Thus, any attributes you assigned to the original Prime_Gen don't exist in this other Prime_Gen.
The reason is that the button is defined like this:
Genbutton = Button(..., command=self.OnGenButtonClick, ...)
In this context, self is the instance of Prime_app_tk, so that becomes the parameter passed to OnGenButtonClick. Inside that function you call the parameter Prime_Gen, in spite of the universal convention to name it self. This causes confusion in your code, because you also have a local variable named Prime_Gen in the code that creates the toplevel window.

Cannot Pool.map() function because of UnpickleableError?

So I am trying to multi process function F. Which is accessed by a button press with tkinter.
def f(x):
global doom,results,info
doom = doom + 1
if check(x) == True:
results.add(x)
info.append(get_column_number(x))
j.step(1)
texx = "1/"+doom
s.configure(text=texx)
root.update()
The function is called within a function like so:
def dojob():
index = ['URLS'...]
pool = Pool(processes=4)
s.configure(text="Shifting Workload to cores..")
root.update()
pool.map(f, index)
The button is inside root window.
I get the following error:
Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\lib\threading.py", line 808, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Python27\lib\threading.py", line 761, in run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\multiprocessing\pool.py", line 342, in _handle_tasks
put(task)
UnpickleableError: Cannot pickle <type 'tkapp'> objects
I do not even know what a pickle does? Help?
Here is the complete code:
from Tkinter import *
from ttk import *
from tkMessageBox import showinfo
from multiprocessing import Pool
import random
emails = set()
import urllib2
import urllib2 as urllib
########
CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT = 20
######
def f(x):
global doom,emails,info
doom = doom + 1
if check(x) == True:
print "",
emails.add(x)
info.append(get_column_number(x))
j.step(1)
texx = "Sk1nn1n "+str(doom)+'/'+str(CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT)+""
s.configure(text=texx)
root.update()
return 0
def f(x):
print ""
def showFile(site,info):
top = Toplevel()
top.title('Sites')
x = Text(top)
x.pack()
i=0
for site_url in site:
x.insert(END,site_url)
i=i+1
def get_column_number(url):
return True
def check(url):
return True
def getgoogleurl(search,siteurl=False,startr=0):
if siteurl==False:
return 'http://www.google.com/search?q='+urllib2.quote(search)+'&start='+str(startr)+'&oq='+urllib2.quote(search)
else:
return 'http://www.google.com/search?q=site:'+urllib2.quote(siteurl)+'%20'+urllib2.quote(search)+'&oq=site:'+urllib2.quote(siteurl)+'%20'+urllib2.quote(search)
def getgooglelinks(search,siteurl=False,startr=0):
#google returns 403 without user agent
headers = {'User-agent':'Mozilla/11.0'}
req = urllib2.Request(getgoogleurl(search,siteurl,startr),None,headers)
site = urllib2.urlopen(req)
data = site.read()
site.close()
#no beatifulsoup because google html is generated with javascript
start = data.find('<div id="res">')
end = data.find('<div id="foot">')
if data[start:end]=='':
#error, no links to find
return False
else:
links =[]
data = data[start:end]
start = 0
end = 0
while start>-1 and end>-1:
#get only results of the provided site
if siteurl==False:
start = data.find('<a href="/url?q=')
else:
start = data.find('<a href="/url?q='+str(siteurl))
data = data[start+len('<a href="/url?q='):]
end = data.find('&sa=U&ei=')
if start>-1 and end>-1:
link = urllib2.unquote(data[0:end])
data = data[end:len(data)]
if link.find('http')==0:
links.append(link)
return links
def rip(results=15,accuracy=16):
global e
keyword = ''+str(e.get())
if keyword.strip()=="":
s.configure(text="Please enter a keyword")
root.update()
return 0
linklist = []
counter = 0
doom = 0
while counter < results:
links = getgooglelinks(keyword,startr=counter)
for link in links:
if len(linklist) > CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT:
s.configure(text="Proccessing..")
root.update()
return linklist
else:
doom = doom + 1
linklist.append(link)
texx = str(doom)+"/"+str(CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT)
s.configure(text=texx)
root.update()
root.update()
counter = counter+accuracy
return linklist
def flip():
global e
emails = set()
info = []
keyword = ''+str(e.get())
if keyword.strip()=="":
s.configure(text="Please enter a keyword")
root.update()
return 0
s.configure(text="Generating index..")
root.update()
doom = -1
index = rip(CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT,10)
if 1:
try:
pool = Pool(processes=4)
#s.configure(text="Shifting Workload to cores..")
#root.update()
pool.map(f, index)
pool.close()
except:
print "The errors there.."
j.config(value=CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT)
if len(emails) > 0:
filepath='relavant_list_'+str(random.randint(1,9999))+'.emList.txt'
#print len(emails),
#print "emails found."
ggg = open(filepath,'a+')
for x in emails:
ggg.write(x+"\n")
showinfo(
str(len(emails))+" key word related sites found!",
" sites are saved in "+str(filepath)
)
showFile(emails,info)
s.configure(text=filepath)
else:
s.configure(text='No related sites found : (')
if __name__ == '__main__':
### CONSTANTS
version = '1.0'
### END CONSTANTS
root = Tk()
root.title('Program v'+version)
s = Style()
s.theme_use('default')
#print s.theme_names()
s.configure("black.Horizontal.TProgressbar", foreground='blue', background='blue')
j = Progressbar(root, style="black.Horizontal.TProgressbar", orient="vertical", length=200, mode="determinate", maximum=CONSTANT_PAGECOUNT, value=0)
j.pack(side='right',fill='y')
f = Frame(root)
x = Frame(f)
e = Entry(x,width=51)
s = Label(x,width=50,anchor='center',text='Waiting for task..')
Button(f,text='Generate List!',width=50,command=flip).pack(fill='both',expand=True)
s.pack(side='bottom',fill='y',expand=True)
e.pack(side='top',fill='both',expand=True)
x.pack(side='top',fill='y',expand=True)
f.pack(side='left',expand=True,fill="both")
root.mainloop()
You are leaking a tkinter object. Most likely because you are trying to update the interface from another process with the last line of f()
Update based on code
You have a name collision between your function f() and a variable f in your __main__ which gets assigned to your main window and causes the tkapp pickle error. Rename the function to def myfunc() or something. Also need to call pool.join() after pool.close()