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Closed 10 years ago.
Where can i see all differences between C++11 and C99?
I think that C++98 and C++03 based on C89 / C90. Is there any differences between them? And what about C++11 and C99? Some features from C99 were added to C++11, but others not (like compound literals, VLAs, etc). Can i see complete list of this changes or not?
The C++ standard has Appendix C, which lists differences between C and C++. It was updated for C++11, which does, indeed, incorporate much of C99 by reference. The appendix isn't complete; it hits the major differences.
I think that this interview will be useful for your purpose:
The C Family of Languages: Interview with Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, and James Gosling
The statement I think that C++98 and C++03 based on C89 / C90. is wrong. Stroustrup created C++ in mid 80's. Since then these 2 lines diverged. They were influencing one another. But not more than that. 2 different teams were developing these 2 standards. There were no obligations between them.
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Closed 9 years ago.
there are some nice functionalities in c++11 however, i would like to port some of them to old c++ code, so is the source-code available of some functions? Like std::to_string ? I just would like to know how they did it.
thanks!
The implementation specifics of the C++11 spec is dependent on your choice of standard library. For example, libc++ for LLVM or libstdc++ for GCC.
You can review the source of those libraries to find what you seek. Be aware that some of the code that implements C++11 features might rely on newer language features than your target, so there's a chance that it won't be a direct copy-and-paste.
Also, remember to respect the license terms of whichever library you borrow from.
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Closed 10 years ago.
I'm looking for resources on quickly getting a grasp of c++11 features. Searching on Google I did find a number of resources. However, I failed to find a resource which would help a programmer with prior C++ knowledge.
I don't want to start reading hundreds of pages on C++11 features that I already know from C++. The best thing I found was the Wikipedia article on C++11, but still it doesn't have many examples. There are also some good articles explaining a certain feature of C++ (e.g. lambdas). But I couldn't find something that had them all in one place.
Does anyone know any books, links, etc...?
You may start reading here: Elements of Modern C++ Style -- this article from Herb Sutter can be considered as targeted for C++ programmers who start using C++11.
Everything about C++11 at one page is here: C++11 FAQ by Bjarne Stroustrup
I think Bjarne Stroustrup's C++11 FAQ is exactly what you're looking for:
http://www.stroustrup.com/C++11FAQ.html
Visit http://isocpp.org/get-started. It has most of the details anyone could give you here.
Of course, Prof. Stroustrup's homepage (http://www.stroustrup.com/C++11FAQ.html) is also one of the best places to find what you are looking for.
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Closed 10 years ago.
Scala's Macros and C++ templates both provide access to compile time meta-programming. Could you elaborate on similarities and differences? Are they equal in terms of expressiveness?
One important difference between them is that Scala macros are written in Scala, whereas C++ templates are their own programming language, which is completely unlike C++. C++ is an imperative object-oriented strict impure language, C++ templates are a declarative hybrid logic/functional non-strict pure language, which was never intended to be used as a full-fledged programming language, and thus lacks many of the features necessary for programming in the large.
They both provide compile time metaprogramming and both are turing complete, but that's about all they have in common. I am no expert on C++, but as far as I know, the fact that C++ templates are turing complete is rarely exploited and using them for actual programming is hard. Often, templates are just used to provide parametric polymorphism (aka generics), whereas Scala macros are written in Scala and can use the full power of the language at compile time.
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Closed 10 years ago.
Is there a Fortran standard library (I keep hearing about something called ISO_C_BINDING, but I haven't seen anything documentation for it), and if so where is the documentation (something like http://docs.python.org/ or https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/ would be helpful) ?
The Fortran standard specifies a set of "intrinsic" subroutines, which I suppose are akin to the C standard library. It's quite limited in scope, though.
Many Fortran compilers also support intrinsics beyond the ones specified by the standard. For a list of the supported intrinsics, see your compiler manual, such as Chapter 8 in the GFortran manual.
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Closed 12 years ago.
what is the difference between C++(g++ 4.3.2) and C++ 4.0.0-8 and the best compilers for these.
What you are referring to appear to be version numbers of compilers available on your (unnamed) platform.
C++ proper has no such version numbers. Instead, C++ is defined by ISO standards, generally referred to by their year of ratification. So far we have:
C++-98: The initial standard defining the basic language, including templates, the so- called Standard Template Library, iostreams, etc.
C++-2003: The first revision of the standard, making minor corrections and clarifications to C++-98.
C++-TR1(2005): A (non-normative) technical report suggesting several new additions to the standard library in the std::tr1 namespace. Notably includes boost-developed smart pointers, hash tables (std::tr1::unordered_set, etc.) and other capabilities. These additions are expected to be officially incorporated in the upcoming C++-0x standard.
C++-0x (aka C++-2011): A major extension of the language with functional constructs such as lambda and automatic type determination, as well as significant new library content mostly from boost.
The version numbers you mentioned appear to be release numbers from one or two particular compilers. Generally those versions don't map directly to the C++ standards, but instead to differing (hopefully improving) levels of conformance with particular ISO standards and perhaps optimization capabilities.