I'm working on a simple Python game where the computer tries to guess a number you think of. Every time it guesses the right answer, it saves the answer to a txt file. When the program is run again, it will guess the old answers first (if they're in the range the user specifies).
try:
f = open("OldGuesses.txt", "a")
r = open("OldGuesses.txt", "r")
except IOError as e:
f = open("OldGuesses.txt", "w")
r = open("OldGuesses.txt", "r")
data = r.read()
number5 = random.choice(data)
print number5
When I run that to pull the old answers, it grabs one item. Like say I have the numbers 200, 1242, and 1343, along with spaces to tell them apart, it will either pick a space, or a single digit. Any idea how to grab the full number (like 200) and/ or avoid picking spaces?
The r.read() call reads the entire contents of r and returns it as a single string. What you can do is use a list comprehension in combination with r.readlines(), like this:
data = [int(x) for x in r.readlines()]
which breaks up the file into lines and converts each line to an integer.
Related
I am trying to run the following code:
fname = raw_input ('Enter file name:')
fh = open (fname)
count = 0
for line in fh:
if not line.startswith ('X-DSPAM-Confidence:') : continue
else:
count = count + 1
new = fh #this new = fh is supposed to be fh stripped of the non- x-dspam lines
for line in new: # this seperates the lines in new and allows `finding the floats on each line`
numpos = new.find ('0')
endpos = new.find ('5', numpos)
num = new[numpos:endpos + 1]
float (num)
# should now have a list of floats
print num
The intention of this code is to prompt the user for a file name, open the file, read through the file, compile all the lines that start with X-DSPAM, and extract the float number on these lines. I am fairly new to coding so I realise I may have committed a number of errors, but currently when I try to run it, after putting in the file name I get the return:
I looked around and I have seen that mode 'r' refers to different file modes in python in relation to how the end of the line is handled. However the code I am trying to run is similar to other code I have formulated and it does not have any non-text files inside, the file being opened is a .txt file. Is it something to do with converting a list of strings line by line to a list of float numbers?
Any ideas on what I am doing wrong would be appreciated.
The default mode of handling a file is 'r' - which means 'read', which is what you want. It means the program is going to read the file (as opposed to 'w' - write, or 'a' - append, for example - which would allow you to overwrite the file or append to it, which you don't want in this case).
There are some bugs in your code, which I've tried to indicate in the edited code below.
You don't need to assign new = fh - you're not grabbing lines and passing them to a new file. Rather, you're checking each line against the 'XDSPAM' criteria and if it's a match, you can proceed to parse out the desired numbers. If not, you ignore it and go to the next line.
With that in mind, you can move all of the code from the for line in new to be part of the original if not ... else block.
How you find the end of the number is also a bit off. You set endpos by searching for an occurence of the number 5 - but what I think you want is to find a position 5 characters from the start position (numpos + 5).
(There are other ways to parse the line and pull the number, but I'm going to stick with your logic as indicated by your code, so nothing fancy here.)
You can convert to float in the same statement where you slice the number from the line (as below). It's acceptable to do:
num = line[numpos:endpos+1]
float_num = float(num)
but not necessary. In any event, you want to assign the conversion (float(num)) to a variable - just having float(num) doesn't allow you to pass the converted value to another statement (including print).
You say that you should have 'a list of floats' - the code as corrected below - will give you a display of all the floats, but if you want an actual Python list, there are other steps involved. I don't think you wanted a Python list, but just in case:
numlist = [] # at the beginning, declare a new, empty list
...
# after converting to float, append number to list
XDSPAM.append(num)
print XDSPAMs # at end of program, to print full list
In any event, this edited code works for me with an appropriate file of test data, and outputs the desired float numbers:
fname = raw_input ('Enter file name:')
fh = open (fname)
count = 0
for line in fh:
if not line.startswith ('X-DSPAM-Confidence:') : continue
else:
# there's no need to create the 'new' variable
# any lines that meet the criteria can be processed for numbers
count = count + 1
numpos = line.find ('0')
# i think what you want here is to set an endpoint 5 positions to the right
# but your code was looking for the position of a '5' in the line
endpos = numpos + 5
# you can convert to float and slice in the same statement
num = float(line[numpos:endpos+1])
print num
I've looked at the other questions posted on the site about index error, but I'm still not understanding how to fix my own code. Im a beginner when it comes to Python. Based on the users input, I want to check if that input lies in the fourth position of each line in the list of lists.
Here's the code:
#create a list of lists from the missionPlan.txt
from __future__ import with_statement
listoflists = []
with open("missionPlan.txt", "r") as f:
results = [elem for elem in f.read().split('\n') if elem]
for result in results:
listoflists.append(result.split())
#print(listoflists)
#print(listoflists[2][3])
choice = int(input('Which command would you like to alter: '))
i = 0
for rows in listoflists:
while i < len(listoflists):
if listoflists[i][3]==choice:
print (listoflists[i][0])
i += 1
This is the error I keep getting:
not getting inside the if statement
So, I think this is what you're trying to do - find any line in your "missionPlan.txt" where the 4th word (after splitting on whitespace) matches the number that was input, and print the first word of such lines.
If that is indeed accurate, then perhaps something along this line would be a better approach.
choice = int(input('Which command would you like to alter: '))
allrecords = []
with open("missionPlan.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
words = line.split()
allrecords.append(words)
try:
if len(words) > 3 and int(words[3]) == choice:
print words[0]
except ValueError:
pass
Also, if, as your tags suggest, you are using Python 3.x, I'm fairly certain the from __future__ import with_statement isn't particularly necessary...
EDIT: added a couple lines based on comments below. Now in addition to examining every line as it's read, and printing the first field from every line that has a fourth field matching the input, it gathers each line into the allrecords list, split into separate words as a list - corresponding to the original questions listoflists. This will enable further processing on the file later on in the code. Also fixed one glaring mistake - need to split line into words, not f...
Also, to answer your "I cant seem to get inside that if statement" observation - that's because you're comparing a string (listoflists[i][3]) with an integer (choice). The code above addresses both that comparison mismatch and the check for there actually being enough words in a line to do the comparison meaningfully...
I'm very new to python. I'm working in the area of hydrology and I want to learn python to assist me with processing hydrological data.
At the moment I write a script to extract bits of information from a big data set. I have three csv files:
Complete_borelist.csv
Borelist_not_interested.csv
Elevation_info.csv
I want to create a file with has all the bores that are in complete_borelist.csv but not in borelist_not_interested.csv. I also want to grab some information from complete_borelist.csv and Elevation_info.csv for those bores which satisfy the first criteria.
My script is as follow:
not_interested_list =[]
outfile1 = open('output.csv','w')
outfile1.write('Station_ID,Name,Easting,Northing,Location_name,Elevation')
outfile1.write('\n')
with open ('Borelist_not_interested.csv','r') as f1:
for line in f1:
if not line.startswith('Station'): #ignore header
line = line.rstrip()
words = line.split(',')
station = words[0]
not_interested_list.append(station)
with open('Complete_borelist.csv','r') as f2:
next(f2) #ignore header
for line in f2:
line= line.rstrip()
words = line.split(',')
station = words[0]
if not station in not_interested_list:
loc_name = words[1]
easting = words[4]
northing = words[5]
outfile1.write(station+','+easting+','+northing+','+loc_name+',')
with open ('Elevation_info.csv','r') as f3:
next(f3) #ignore header
for line in f3:
line = line.rstrip()
data = line.split(',')
bore_id = data[0]
if bore_id == station:
elevation = data[4]
outfile1.write(elevation)
outfile1.write ('\n')
outfile1.close()
I have two issues with the script:
The first is the Elevation_info.csv doesn't have information for all the bore in the Complete_borelist.csv. When my loop get to the station where it can't find Elevation record for it, the script doesn't write "null" but continue to write the information for the next station in the same line. Can anyone help me to fix this please?
The second is my complete borelist is about >200000 rows and my script runs through them very slow. Can anyone have any suggestion to make it run faster?
Very much appreciated and sorry if my question is too long.
performance-wise, this has a couple of problems. The first one is that you are opening and re-reading the Elevation info for every line of the complete file.. Read the elevation info into a dictionary keyed upon the bore_id before you open the complete file. Then you can test the dictionary very fast to see if station is in it instead of re-reading.
The second performance issue is that you don't stop searching in the bore_id list once you find a match. The dictionary idea solves that too, but otherwise a break once you have a match would help a little.
For the null printing problem, you just need to outfile1.write("\n") if the bore_id is not in the dictionary. An else statement on the dictionary test does that. In the current code, an else closing the for loop would do it. Or even changing the indentation of that last write("\n").
I was (unsuccessfully) trying to figure out how to create a list of compound letters using loops. I am a beginner programmer, have been learning python for a few months. Fortunately, I later found a solution to this problem - Genearte a list of strings compound of letters from other list in Python - see the first answer.
So I took that code and added a little to it for my needs. I randomized the list, turned the list into a comma separated file. This is the code:
from string import ascii_lowercase as al
from itertools import product
import random
list = ["".join(p) for i in xrange(1,6) for p in product(al, repeat = i)]
random.shuffle(list)
joined = ",".join(list)
f = open("double_letter_generator_output.txt", 'w')
print >> f, joined
f.close()
What I need to do now is split that massive file "double_letter_generator_output.txt" into smaller files. Each file needs to consist of 200 'words'. So it will need to split into many files. The files of course do not exist yet and will need to be created by the program also. How can I do that?
Here's how I would do it, but I'm not sure why you're splitting this into smaller files. I would normally do it all at once, but I'm assuming the file is too big to be stored in working memory, so I'm traversing one character at a time.
Let bigfile.txt contain
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
MAX_NUM_ELEMS = 2 #you'll want this to be 200
nameCounter = 1
numElemsCounter = 0
with open('bigfile.txt', 'r') as bigfile:
outputFile = open('output' + str(nameCounter) + '.txt', 'a')
for letter in bigfile.read():
if letter == ',':
numElemsCounter += 1
if numElemsCounter == MAX_NUM_ELEMS:
numElemsCounter = 0
outputFile.close()
nameCounter += 1
outputFile = open('output' + str(nameCounter) + '.txt', 'a')
else:
outputFile.write(letter);
outputFile.close()
now output1.txt is 1,2, output2.txt is 3,4, output3.txt is 5,6, etc.
$ cat output7.txt
13,14
This is a little sloppy, you should write a nice function to do it and format it the way you like!
FYI, if you want to write to a bunch of different files, there's no reason to write to one big file first. Write to the little files right off the bat.
This way, the last file might have fewer than MAX_NUM_ELEMS elements.
I have a file containing a list of event spaced with some time. Here is an example:
0, Hello World
0.5, Say Hi
2, Say Bye
I would like to be able to replay this sequence of events. The first column is the delta between the two consecutive events ( the first starts immendiately, the second happens 0.5s later, the third 2s later, ... )
How can i do that on Windows . Is there anything that can ensure that I am very accurate on the timing ? The idea is to be as close as what you would have listneing some music , you don't want your audio event to happen close to the right time but just on time .
This can be done easily by using the sleep function from the time module. The exact code should work like this:
import time
# Change data.txt to the name of your file
data_file = open("data.txt", "r")
# Get rid of blank lines (often the last line of the file)
vals = [i for i in data_file.read().split('\n') if i]
data_file.close()
for i in vals:
i = i.split(',')
i[1] = i[1][1:]
time.sleep(float(i[0]))
print i[1]
This is an imperfect algorithm, but it should give you an idea of how this can be done. We read the file, split it to a newline delimited list, then go through each comma delimited couplet sleeping for the number of seconds specified, and printing the specified string.
You're looking for time.sleep(...) in Python.
If you load that file as a list, and then print the values,
import time
with open("datafile.txt", "r") as infile:
lines = infile.read().split('\n')
for line in lines:
wait, response = line.split(',')
time.sleep(float(wait))
print response